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[PDF] android-sqlitepdf

SQLite in Android 1

What is a database?•relational database: A method of structuring data as tables associated to each other by shared attributes. •a table row corresponds to a unit of data called a record; a column corresponds to an attribute of that record •relational databases typically use Structured Query Language (SQL) to define, manage, and search data 2

Why use a database?•powerful: can search, filter, combine data from many sources •fast: can search/filter a database very quickly compared to a file •big: scale well up to very large data sizes •safe: built-in mechanisms for failure recovery (transactions) •multi-user: concurrency features let many users view/edit data at same time •abstract: layer of abstraction between stored data and app(s) common syntax: database programs use same SQL commands 3

Relational database•A database is a set of tables •Each table has a primary key - a column with unique values to identify a row •Tables can be related via foreign keys. 4

Some database software•Oracle •Microsoft•SQLServer(powerful)•

Access(simple)•PostgreSQL -

powerful/complex free open-source database system•SQLite - transportable, lightweight free open-source database system•MySQL - simple free open-source database system many servers run "LAMP" (Linux,Apache,MySQL,andPHP)-W ikipedia is run on PHP and MySQL • 5 Android includes SQLiteSQLite is a library, runs in the app's process 6

Android Media Manager (Media Content Provider)•The Media provider contains meta data for all available media on both internal and external storage devices.raw filesSQLite: metadata: •file location •size •artist •albums •playlists •... 7

The main table in Media: fileshttp://androidxref.com/4.4.3_r1.1/xref/packages/providers/MediaProvider/src/com/android/providers/media/MediaProvider.java#1335A single table to represent all types of media files:

Each row can be an image, audio, video, or playlist_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b3c.mp3320000c4d.avi12312000d 8

Other tables in Media•thumbnails, •artists, •albums, •audio_playlists_map (stores members of a playlist) Rows: Fixed number of columns Tables: Variable number of rows 9

SQL•Structured Query Language (SQL): a language for searching and updating a database - a standard syntax that is used by all database software (with minor incompatibilities) -

generally case-insensitive •a declarative language: describes what data you are seeking, not exactly how to find it 10

Basic SQL operations•SELECT •INSERT •UPDATE •DELETE 11 SELECT•SELECT FROM

WHERE

[ORDER BY [ASC or DESC]]

[LIMIT ]; •e.g., SELECT * FROM files WHERE _id=3; 12_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b3c.mp3320000c4d.avi12312000d

SELECT•SELECT FROM

WHERE

[ORDER BY [ASC or DESC]]

[LIMIT ]; •SELECT _id, _data FROM files •SELECT * FROM files; (* means all columns) •ORDER BY: sort the result by a column •LIMIT: only get the first n rows in the result 13

INSERT•INSERT INTO
() VALUES (); •e.g., INSERT INTO files (data, size, title)

VALUES ("image0.jpg", 102400, "image0"); 14_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b3c.mp3320000c4d.avi12312000d5image0.jpg102400image0

UPDATE•UPDATE

SET = , = , =

WHERE ; 15

UPDATE•e.g., UPDATE files SET title="profile"

WHERE _id=5; 16_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b3c.mp3320000c4d.avi12312000d5image0.jpg102400profile

DELETE•DELETE FROM

WHERE ; •e.g., DELETE FROM files

WHERE _id=4; 17_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b3c.mp3320000c4d.avi12312000d5image0.jpg102400profile

Related data across tables 18thumbnail_id_dataimage_idwidth...file_id_data_sizetitile... Related data across tables 19thumbnail_id_dataimage_idwidth...?

Foreign keys 20If thumbnails.image_id is declared to be a foreign key of files._id, SQLite will enforce Referential Integrity:

When a row in files is removed or its _id is changed, SQLite can set the affected foreign keys in thumbnails to NULL, or remove the affected rows, etc.

Foreign keys 21_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b3c.mp3320000c5image0.jpg102400profile_id_dataimage_idwidth...11.thumb 130035.thumb5600files tablethumbnails table

ON DELETE CASCADE 22_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b3c.mp3320000c5image0.jpg102400profile_id_dataimage_idwidth...11.thumb 130035.thumb5600files tablethumbnails table

ON DELETE SET NULL 23_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b3c.mp3320000c5image0.jpg102400profile_id_dataimage_idwidth...11.thumb 130035.thumb5600files tablethumbnails tableNULL

Join - query multiple related tables 24•Inner join •Outer joinIf multiple tables have the same column name,

use
.to distinguish them

Inner Join 25•Inner join (JOIN) - only returns rows matching the condition •SELECT ... FROM files

JOIN thumbnails

ON files._id=thumbnails.image_id

WHERE ...•Equivalent to •SELECT ... FROM files, thumbnails

WHERe files._id=thumbnails.image_id

AND (...)

Inner Join 26_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b5image0.jpg102400profile_id_dataimage_idwidth...11.thumb 130035.thumb5600JOIN ON files._id=thumbnails.image_idfilesthumbnailsfiles._idtitle...thumbnails._idwidth...1a13005profile3600

Outer Join 27Left outer join (LEFT [OUTER] JOIN) - returns all rows in the left table, fill NULL to the right table if no matching rows.Right outer join - returns all rows in the right table, fill NULL to the left table if no matching rows. (not supported by SQLite)Full outer join - records from both sides are included, fill NULL to "the other table" if no match. (not supported by SQLite)

Left Outer Join 28•Left outer join (LEFT [OUTER] JOIN) - returns all rows in the left table, fill NULL to the right table if no matching rows. •SELECT ... FROM files

LEFT OUTER JOIN thumbnails

ON files._id=thumbnails.image_id

WHERE ...

Left Outer Join 29_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b5image0.jpg102400profile_id_dataimage_idwidth...11.thumb 130035.thumb5600JOIN ON files._id=thumbnails.image_idfilesthumbnailsfiles._idtitle...thumbnails._idwidth...1a13002bNULLNULL5profile3600

ViewsCREATE VIEW AS

SELECT ....;A view is a virtual table based on other tables or views 30_id_data_sizetitletype...1a.jpg10000aimage2b.bmp20000bimage3c.mp3320000caudio5image0.jpg102400profileimage_id_data_sizetitle...1a.jpg10000a2b.bmp20000b5image0.jpg102400profileselect only images

Views in Media Providerfilesimagesaudio_metavideoartistsalbumsaudio 31
Views in Media ProviderCREATE VIEW IF NOT EXISTS audio AS

SELECT * FROM audio_meta

LEFT OUTER JOIN artists ON

audio_meta.artist_id=artists.artist_id

LEFT OUTER JOIN albums ON

audio_meta.album_id=albums.album_id;CREATE VIEW audio_meta AS SELECT _id, , FROM files

WHERE media_type =; 32

Android SQLiteDatabase 33A class to use SQLite. SQLiteDatabase db = openOrCreateDatabase( "name",

MODE_PRIVATE, null); db.execSQL("SQL query");

Android SQLiteDatabase 34It helps you to generate SQL statements.

query (SELECT), delete, insert, update db.beginTransaction(), db.endTransaction()db.delete("table", "whereClause",args)

db.deleteDatabase(file) db.insert("table", null, values) db.query(...) db.rawQuery("SQLquery", args) db.replace("table", null, values) db.update("table", values, "whereClause", args) Avoid using user-provided input as part of a raw querySQL injection: •statement =

"SELECT * FROM users WHERE name =\'" + userName + "\';" •If the user provides userName = " ' OR '1'='1 "

Statement becomes: •SELECT * FROM users

WHERE name ='' OR '1'='1';

- always true. 35

Avoid using user-provided input as part of a raw queryUse ContentValues and arguments for user-provided input. 36

ContentValues ContentValues cvalues = new ContentValues(); cvalues.put("columnName1", value1); cvalues.put("columnName2", value2);

... db.insert("tableName", null, cvalues); •ContentValues can be optionally used as a level of abstraction for statements like INSERT, UPDATE, REPLACE 37

Compare to raw statements...-

Contrast with: db.execSQL("INSERT INTO tableName (" + columnName1 + ", " + columnName2

+ ") VALUES (" + value1 + ", " + value2 + ")"); ContentValues allows you to use cleaner Java syntax rather than raw SQL syntax for some common operations. 38

Argumentsquery(String table, String[] columns,

String selection, String[] selectionArgs,

String groupBy, String having, String orderBy) •selection: a where clause that can contain "?" •type=? and date=? •selectionArgs: •["image", "10/1/2016"] 39

Cursor: result of a queryCursor lets you iterate through row results one at a time - - - Cursor cursor = db.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM students"); cursor.moveToFirst();

do { int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("id")); String email = cursor.getString( cursor.getColumnIndex("email")); ...} while (cursor.moveToNext());cursor.close(); 40

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