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Introduction to Sockets Programming in C using TCP/IP

must know the address and the port of the server. ? active socket. CS556 - Distributed Systems. Tutorial by Eleftherios Kosmas.



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    The socket() function shall create an unbound socket in a communications domain, and return a file descriptor that can be used in later function calls that operate on sockets. The socket() function takes the following arguments: domain. Specifies the communications domain in which a socket is to be created.

  • What does socket () do in C?

    Create a socket that returns a socket descriptor; this will be used to refer to the socket later on in the code:

    1int socket_desc = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);2bind(socket_desc, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr);3listen(socket_desc, 1);4recv(client_sock, client_message, sizeof(client_message), 0);

  • How to implement TCP sockets in C?

    Behavior for sockets: The read() call reads data on a socket with descriptor fs and stores it in a buffer. The read() all applies only to connected sockets. This call returns up to N bytes of data. If there are fewer bytes available than requested, the call returns the number currently available.

Introduction to

Sockets Programming in C

using TCP/IP

Professor: Panagiota Fatourou

TA: Eleftherios Kosmas

CSD - May 2012

Introduction

CS556 - Distributed SystemsTutorial by Eleftherios Kosmas 2

Computer Network

hosts, routers, communication channels

Hostsrun applications

Routersforward information

Packets: sequence of bytes

contain control information e.g. destination host

Protocolis an agreement

meaning of packets structure and size of packets e.g. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Host

Router

Communication

channel

Protocol Families - TCP/IP

CS556 - Distributed SystemsTutorial by Eleftherios Kosmas 3

Several protocols for different problems

Protocol Suites or Protocol Families: TCP/IP

TCP/IP provides end-to-endconnectivity specifying how data should be formatted, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received at the destination can be used in the internet and in stand-alone private networks it is organized into layers

TCP/IP

* image is taken from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP_model"

Communication

Channels

Network Layer

IP

Transport Layer

TCP or UDP

FTP, SMTP, ...

CS556 - Distributed SystemsTutorial by Eleftherios Kosmas 4

Internet Protocol (IP)

provides a datagramservice packets are handled and delivered independently best-effortprotocol may loose, reorder or duplicate packets each packet must contain an IP address of its destination CS556 - Distributed SystemsTutorial by Eleftherios Kosmas 5

Addresses - IPv4

724

Class A: 0 Network IDHost ID

1416

Class B: 1 0 Network IDHost ID

218

Class C: 1 1 0Network IDHost ID

28

Class D (multicast): 1 1 1 0Multicast address

27

Class E (reserved): 1 1 1 1unused

0 1. 0 0. 0 t o

127.255.255.255128.0.0

0 to

191.255.255.255192.0.0

0 to

223.255.255.255224.0.0

0 to

239.255.255.255240.0.0

0 to

255.255.255.255

R ange of add r es se s The 32
bits of an IPv4 address are broken into

4 octets

or 8 bit fields (0-255 value in decimal notation).

For networks of different size,

the first one (for large networks) to three (for small networks) o ctets can be use d to identify the network , while the rest of the octets can be used to identify the node on the network.

CS556 -

D i s tributed Systems T utori al by Eleftherios Kosmas 6

Local Area Network Addresses - IPv4

CS556 - Distributed SystemsTutorial by Eleftherios Kosmas 7

TCP vs UDP

Both use port numbers

application-specific construct serving as a communication endpoint

16-bit unsigned integer, thus ranging from 0 to 65535

to provide end-to-end transport

UDP: User Datagram Protocol

no acknowledgements no retransmissions out of order, duplicates possible connectionless, i.e., app indicates destination for each packet

TCP: Transmission Control Protocol

reliable byte-stream channel(in order, all arrive, no duplicates) similar to file I/O flow control connection-oriented bidirectional CS556 - Distributed SystemsTutorial by Eleftherios Kosmas 8

TCP vs UDP

TCP is used for services with a la

rge data capacity, and a persistent connection UDP is more commonly used for quick lookups, and single use query-reply actions. Some common examples of TCP and UDP with their default ports:

DNS lookup UDP 53

FTPTCP 21

HTTPTCP 80

POP3TCP 110

TelnetTCP 23

CS556 -

D i s tributed Systems T utori al by Eleftherios Kosmas 9

Berkley Sockets

Universally known as

Sockets

It is an abstraction through which an

application may send and receive data

Provide generic accessto interprocess

communication services e.g. IPX/SPX, Appletalk, TCP/IP

Standard API for networking

Host Appli c a t io n So ck et TCP IP Host Appli c a t io n So ck et TCP IP

Router

IP

Channel

Channel

CS556 -

D i s tributed Systems T utori al by Eleftherios Kosmas 10

Sockets

Uniquely identified by

an internet address an end-to-end protocol (e.g. TCP or UDP) a port number

Two types of (TCP/IP) sockets

Streamsockets (e.g. uses TCP)

provide reliable byte-stream service

Datagramsockets (e.g. uses UDP)

provide best-effort datagram service messages up to 65.500 bytes Socket extend the convectional UNIX I/O facilities file descriptors for network communication extended the read and write system calls 012 internal data structure for file 1

Family: PF

_INET

Service: SOCK_STREAM

Local _ IP:

Remote_IP:

Remote_Port:

Local _ Port:

Descri

p to r Table

CS556 -

D i s tributed Systems T utori al by Eleftherios Kosmas 11

Sockets

TCP UDP IPquotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20
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