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IVORY MARKETS IN CENTRAL AFRICA

Market Surveys in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon: 2007, 2009, 2014/2015

Sone NKOKE Christopher, Jean-François LAGROT, Stéphane RINGUET and Tom

MILLIKEN

REPORT

SEPTEMBER 2017

TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC, the wild life trade monitoring

net wo rk, is the leading non-governmental organization working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. TRAFFIC is a strategic alliance of

WWF and IUCN.

Reprod uct ion of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. e designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations con cern ing the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. e views of the authors expressed in this publication are those of the writers and do not necessarily reect those of TRAFFIC, WWF or IUCN.

Published by TRAFFIC Central Africa Regional

oce Yaoundé, Cameroon and TRAFFIC

International, Cambridge.

Design by: Hallie Sacks

© TRAFFIC 2017. Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC.

ISBN no: 978-1-85850-421-6

UK Registered Charity No. 1076722

Suggested citation: Nkoke, S.C. Lagrot J.F. Ringuet,

S. and Milliken, T. (2017).

Ivory Markets in Central

Africa - Market Surveys in Cameroon, Central

African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Congo and Gabon: 2007, 2009, 2014/2015.

TRAFFIC. Yaoundé, Cameroon and Cambridge,

UK.

Front cover photograph and credit: Ivory

conscated by the Cameroon Ministry of Forests and Wildlife © WWF / Mike Goldwater e 2014/2015 market surveys and this report were made possible with support from the American people, delivered through the U.S. Agency for

International Development (USAID) through the

Wildlife Tracking, Response, and Priority Setting

(Wildlife TRAPS) Project. e 2007 and 2009 surveys were supported by the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing (MEDDTL), WWF France and the

WWF Species Programme. e contents are the

responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reect the opinion of USAID, the MEDDTL, the

U.S. Government or the French Government.

TRAFFIC

REPORT

Ivory conscated by the Cameroon Ministry of Forests and Wildlife. © WWF / Mike Goldwater

IVORY MARKETS IN CENTRAL AFRICA

Market Surveys in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Gabon: 2007, 2009, 2014/2015 Sone NKOKE Christopher, Jean-François LAGROT, Stéphane RINGUET and

Tom MILLIKEN

Supported by

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abbreviations and Acronyms vi

List of Tables ix

List of Figures x

List of Photos xi

Acknowledgements xii

Executive Summary xiii

Résumé xiii

1. Introduction 1

2. Methodology 4

2.1 Market Surveys 4

2.2 Workshop Surveys 5

2.3 Meetings 5

2.4 Prices 5

3. Results 8

3.1 Gabon 8

3.2 Congo 15

3.3 CAR 25

3.4 DRC 30

3.5 Cameroon 46

4. Dicussion 56

4.1 Retail Sales of Ivory Items in Central Africa 56

4.2 Carving Workshops 59

4.3 Prole of Buyers 59

4.4 Other Actors in the Ivory Trade 60

4.5 Sources of Raw Ivory 60

4.6 Raw Ivory Prices 61

4.7 Legislation and Regulations 64

4.8 Ivory Stockpile Management 65

5. Conclusion 71

6. Recommendations 78

References 84

Image Credits 87

Appendices 90

TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa iii

TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africaiv

Kinshasa, DRC alone

accounted for more than two-thirds of ivory items retailed in open marketsCameroon | Congo | Gabon

Central African Republic

Democratic Republic of Congo

971 kg of ivory

4,722 ivory items

93 outlets634 kg of ivory

3,987 ivory items

119 outlets

Surveys

20072009

401 kg of ivory

4,255 ivory items

32 outlets

2014/2015

26,000 kg

In 2015, more than

of ivory resided in national stocks in

Central Africa

68%

Total 2007-2015

2,006 kg of ivory

12,964 ivory items

244 outlets

1999200920072014/15

kg of ivory

Number of

cities surveyed vTRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa

53,700 kg

More than

of ivory from Central

Africa was seized globally

between 2007-2015

Equivalent to approximately

5,712 elephants 4x as much ivory is getting out of

Central Africa before being seized

than is being seized in-country

26,000 kg

In 2015, more than

=100 elephants

2014/15

Number of

cities surveyed

TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ACFAP Agence congolaise de la faune et des aires protégées (Congolese

Agency for Wildlife and Protected Areas

- Republic of Congo)

ALCRIF

Application de la loi et lutte contre la criminalité faunique en

République Démocratique du Congo

(Law Enforcement against wildlife criminality in DRC) ANPN Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux - Gabon (Gabonese National

Parks Agency)

AU

African Union

AUAIC Ivory Workers' Unions in the DRC

CAR Central African Republic

CITES Co nvention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CJ

Conservation Justice - Gabon (NGO)

CMA Confédération du Monde des Artisans (Confederation of Artists - DRC) CNS Conférence Nationale Souveraine (Sovereign National Conference) COMIFAC Commission des Forêts d'Afrique Centrale (Central African Forest

Commission)

CoP

Conference of Parties (of CITES)

DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo

EAGLE Eco-Activists for Governance and Law Enforcement (NGO) ECCAS Economic Commission of Central African States ECOFAC Pr ogramme de Conservation et Utilisation Rationelle des Ecosystèmes Forestiers en Afrique Centrale (Forest conservation and sustainable management programme in Central Africa) ETIS

Elephant Trade Information System

EU European Union

FARDC Forces Armées de la République Démocratique du Congo (?e Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo) FC

Congolese (DRC) Franc

FCFA Francs Communauté Financière Africaine (African Financial

Community Francs)

vi FDLR Fr ont Démocratique de Libération du Rwanda (Democratic Forces for the

Liberation of Rwanda)

FOCAC

Forum on China-Africa Cooperation

GIZ Deutsche Gesellscha für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (German Corporation for International Cooperation) ICCN In stitut Congolais de Conservation de la Nature (Congolese Institute for the Conservation of Nature - DRC) IDPE Institute of Development Professionals in Education

IGO Inter-Governmental Organization

INTERPOL International Police Organization

IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature

LAB Lutte Anti Braconnage (Anti-poaching)

LAGA Last Great Ape Organization - Cameroon (NGO)

LRA Lord"s Resistance Army

MA CITES Management Authority

MDDEFE Ministère du Développement Durable, de l"Economie Forestière et de l"Environnement - République du Congo (Ministry of Sustainable Development of Forest

Economy and Environment - Republic of Congo)

MEDDTL

Mini stère de l"Ecologie, du Développement Durable, du Transport et du

Logement - France (Ministry of Ecology,

Sustainable Development, Transport and Housing - France)

MEFCPT

Mini stère des Eaux et Forêts, Chasse, Pêche et Tourisme - République

Centrafricaine (Ministry for Water, Forests,

Hunting, Fishing and Tourism - Central African Republic) MEFDD Ministère de l"Economie Forestière et de développement durable République de Congo (Ministry of Forest Economy and

Sustainable Development - Republic of Congo)

MFEPRN

Ministère de la Forêt, de l"Environnement et de la Protection des Ressources Naturelles (Ministry of Forest, Environment and

Protection of Natural Resources - Gabon)

NCU

National Coordination Unit

NIAP National Ivory Action Plan

viiTRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa

TRAFFIC report: Ivory Markets In Central Africa

MIKE Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants MINEF Ministère des Eaux et Forêts - Gabon (Ministry of Water and Forests - Gabon)

MINFOF

Ministère des Forêts et de la Faune - Cameroun (Ministry of

Forest and Wildlife - Cameroon)

MONUC Mission de l"Organisation des Nations-Unies en République Démocratique du Congo (United Nations Mission in the

Democratic Republic of the Congo)

NGO

Non-Governmental Organization

PALF Projet d"Appui à l"Application de la loi sur la Faune Sauvage - République du Congo (Wildlife Law Enforcement Project -

Republic of Congo; NGO)

PAPECALF

Plan d"Action sous Régional des Pays de l"Espace COMIFAC pour le Renforcement de l"Application des Législations Nationales sur la Faune Sauvage (Central African Wildlife Trade Law Enforcement Action Plan - CAWTLEAP of COMIFAC)

PAULAB

Plan d"Action d"Urgence de Lutte Anti-Braconnage (Urgent

Anti-Poaching Action Plan)

PIKE

Proportion of Illegally Killed Elephants

RALF Renforcement de l"Application de la Loi Faunique - République Centrafricaine (Reinforcement of the Application of Wildlife

Law - CAR, NGO)

RCD Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie (Congolese Rally for

Democracy)

RFO Réserve de Faune des Okapis (Okapi Faunal Reserve) - DRC SETRAG Sociéte d"Exploitation du Transgabonais (Trans Gabon Railway) TRIDOM Tr i-National Dja (Cameroon) - Odzala (Congo) - Minkebe (Gabon)

UN United Nations

UNARICO Union des Artistes Ivoiriers du Congo (Union of Ivory Artists of Congo - DRC) USAID United States Agency for International Development

USD United States Dollar

VIP Very Important Personality

WCS Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO)

viii

LIST OF TABLES

Wildlife TRAPS Wi ldlife Tracking, Response, Assesssment, and Priority Setting

Project

WRI

World Resources Institute (NGO)

WWF World Wide Fund for Nature (NGO)

ZSL Zoological Society of London (NGO)

Table 1:

Names of shops and type of ivory sold in Libreville, Gabon in 2007 and

200910

Table 2:

Type, number and quantity of ivory items sold in the dierent markets over the years, Libreville, Gabon 10

Table 3:

Range of retail prices of ivory items in Libreville, Gabon, 200710

Table 4:

Range of retail prices of ivory items in Libreville, Gabon, 2009 11

Table 5:

Workshops in Libreville, Gabon, crasmen, items and comments 12

Table 6:

Ivory items in shops, Brazzaville, Congo, 2007 16

Table 7:

Range of retail prices of ivory items in artefact market, Brazzaville,

Congo in 2007

17

Table 8:

Ivory Items in major carving workshops in Brazzaville, Congo 20

Table 9:

Hotels visited and ivory items in Pointe Noire, Congo, 2009 and 2014 21

Table 10:

Type, number, quantity of ivory items sold in the dierent markets in

Pointe Noire, Congo

22

Table 11:

Range of retail prices of ivory items in Pointe Noire, Republic of Congo, 2014
22

Table 12:

Range of retail prices of ivory items in Pointe Noire, Republic of Congo, 2009
22

Table 13:

Prices of raw tusks over the years and comments in Pointe Noire, Congo 24

Table 14:

Quantity of ivory in the national stockpile of CAR 26

Table 15:

Type, number and quantity of ivory items sold in Bangui, CAR, over the years 27

Table 16:

Range of retail prices of ivory items in Bangui, CAR, 2007 28

Table 17:

Range of retail prices of ivory items in Bangui, CAR, 2009 28

Table 18:

Quantity of ivory in the national stockpile in Kinshasa, DRC 31

Table 19:

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