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23 nov. 2020 The story of the Inheritance Cycle ... meet his daughter again by guessing his true name in the Ancient language. He then sends.
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State of
the World"sIndigenous
Peoples
State of
the World"sIndigenous
Peoples
Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Division for Social Policy and Development
Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous IssuesUnited NationsNew York, 2009
ST/ESA/328
STATE OF THE WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
ii DESAThe Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between
global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works
in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and
environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common
problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many
intergovernmental bodies on joint course of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it
advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United
Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps
build national capacities. Note The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reect those of the United Nations. Thedesignations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression
of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers.The term country" as used in the text of the present report also refers, as appropriate, to territories
or areas. The designations of country groups in the text and the tables are intended solely for statistical or analytical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. Mention of the names of firms and commercial products does not imply the endorsement of theUnited Nations.
Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters comb ined with gures.ST/ESA/328
United Nations publication
Sales No. 09.VI.13
ISBN 92-1-130283-7
Copyright © United Nations, 2009
All rights reserved
Printed by the United Nations, New York
STATE OF THE WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
iiiAcknowledgements
The State of the World"s Indigenous Peoples has been a collaborative effort in which a number of experts and
organizations have participated. The thematic chapters were written by Joji Carino, Duane Champagne, Neva Collings, Myrna Cunningham,Dalee Sambo Dorough, Naomi Kipuri and Mililani Trask. The introduction was written by the Secretariat of the
Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues.
The Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues oversaw the preparation of the publication. Elsa
Stamatopoulou, Chief of the Secretariat provided overall leadership throughout the entire process of preparing this
publication. Broddi Sigurdarson was managing editor for the production o f the publication from its inception.Important contributions were made by Sonia Smallacombe, Carol Pollack, Juan Fernando Nuñez, Maria Luz
Aragon, Ekaterina Gorbunova and Anna Satarova. Contributions were also made by Oksana Burnabaeva, Olga
Khovenmei, Bonney Hartley, Tobias Langenbach and Elizabeth Martinez.Special gratitude goes to the Russian Association of the Indigenous Peoples of the North (RAIPON) and the Yamal
Nenets Autonomous Okrug for organizing an expert Group Meeting in Salekhard, Russian Federation which brought
together the authors and other experts for a three day meeting in preparation for this publication. The efforts of
Pavel Sulyandziga were particularly valuable in organizing this meeting. Other individuals also contributed to this
meeting. They include: Rodion Sulyandziga, Yana Dordina, William Langeveldt and Oksana Ilyina.Special acknowledgements go to the editor, Diana Vinding and also to Ziad Al-Kadri and Marko Srdanovic of the
UN Graphic Design Unit, Department of Public Information. Jomo Kwame Sundaram, Assistant-Secretary-General for Economic Development, and Anisuzzaman Chowdhury of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs provided invaluable com ments.STATE OF THE WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
v Foreword to the State of the World's Indigenous Peoples By Mr. Sha Zukang, Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social AffairsIndigenous peoples are custodians of some of the most biologically diverse territories in the world. They are also
responsible for a great deal of the world's linguistic and cultural diversity, and their traditional knowledge has
been and continues to be an invaluable resource that benefits all of m ankind.Yet, indigenous peoples continue to suffer discrimination, marginalization, extreme poverty and conflict. Some
are being dispossessed of their traditional lands as their livelihoods are being undermined. Meanwhile, their
belief systems, cultures, languages and ways of life continue to be thre atened, sometimes even by extinction.Increasingly, governments are recognizing these threats, and matching such recognition with action. From land
claims settlements and constitutional amendments to important symbolic actions such as apologies for past
treatment of indigenous peoples, governments around the world are making important steps towards addressing
indigenous peoples' concerns.In responding to the challenges they continue to face, indigenous peoples have engaged the international
community, calling for a Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and a permanent forum at the United
Nations that meets regularly to discuss indigenous peoples' issues and make recommendations to the UN system
and beyond.The United Nations has committed its unwavering support to a future where all indigenous peoples will enjoy
peace, human rights and well-being, and has responded to indigenous peoples' demands, welcoming them as
partners. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples was adopted in September 2007,
and the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues meets annually at UN Headquarters, bringing together indigenous
peoples, Member States, NGOs, UN agencies and other intergovernmental or ganizations.Much work remains to be done in advancing the implementation of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights
of Indigenous Peoples. One condition for facilitating the implementation of the Declaration is information about
the state of the world's indigenous peoples. The Permanent Forum recognized this in its first session when it
recommended that the United Nations system produce a publication "on the state of the world's indigenous
peoples, containing data on indigenous peoples and discussing issues relating to indigenous peoples in the
thematic areas within the Forum's mandate." 1Responding to this request, the Department of Economic and Social Affairs reached out to experts on indigenous
issues who have contributed the material for this publication. The chapters are based on the thematic areas
within the Permanent Forum's mandate, and highlight some major issues indigenous peoples face.In a world confronted by multiple crises, indigenous peoples remain committed to their struggles, and their cultures
continue to be vibrant while their traditional knowledge is an invaluable source of ingenuity. This publication will
be a useful tool for strengthening partnerships and cooperation with ind igenous peoples. 1 Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, Report on the first session (12 -24 May 2002) E/2002/43/Rev.1 Para 8.STATE OF THE WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
viiTable of Contents
Acknowledgements
.............iii Foreword to the State of the World"s Indigenous Peoples ....................v INTRODUCTION........................................................................ ......................1 A brief history of indigenous issues at the international level ................................................................................1The concept of indigenous peoples
.............................................................................................................................4
Looking forward
................................7About this publication
......................7Overview of main international responses
............................................10List of References
................11CHAPTER I:
POVERTY AND WELL-BEING
...............................................13Introduction
.................................................................................................14New threats of globalization
.....................................................................16Agriculture and food security
.......19Impoverishment of indigenous peoples
..................................................21 Living conditions of indigenous peoples in Australia, Canada New Zealand and the United States ............22Poverty and land rights in Latin America
...................................................................................................................27
India: Poverty among the Scheduled Tribes
.............................................................................................................29
On the status of and trends in the practice of traditional occupations ...............................................................29Arctic region, including Russia and Northern Europe.............................................................................................32
Forest Peoples of Africa
................34 East and South East Asia: Rice culture in Ifugao, Philippines ..............................................................................36Pacific: Traditional fishing in Vanuatu
........................................................................................................................36
The Millennium Development Goals and Indigenous Peoples ..........39 Indicators relevant to indigenous peoples" well-being and sustainable development ........................................41Concluding Remarks
...................................................................................42List of references
.................45CHAPTER II:
CULTURE
.........51Land, language and identity
......................................................................53 Land ...................................................53Indigenous languages
....................57Spirituality and belief systems
.................................................................59Social institutions
.......................................................................................62Culture and traditional knowledge
..........................................................64Threats and challenges
......68Misappropriation of indigenous knowledge
.............................................................................................................69
The impact of globalization
..........70Commodification of indigenous cultures
...................................................................................................................71
Tourism
............................................72STATE OF THE WORLD'S INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
viii Intellectual property rights and indigenous peoples ..........................74Concluding Remarks
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