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Lecture 22:

Subclasses & Inheritance

(Chapter 18)

CS 1110

Introduction to Computing Using Python

[E. Andersen, A. Bracy, D. Fan, D. Gries, L. Lee,

S. Marschner, C. Van Loan, W. White]

Announcements

No new lab exercises this week. Lab sections cancelled

Good opportunity to

go over A4 if you have any questions. (Hours are listed in the office hrcalendar):

Tues1:15-2:30pm(JonathanC.)

Wedn10:10-11am(Priya M.)

Prelim 2: we expect feedback to be available on

Monday

Assignment5:expected release tonight (Tues)

3

Topics

Why define subclasses?

Understand the resultinghierarchy

Designconsiderations

Howtodefineasubclass

Initializer

New methods

Write modified versions of inherited methods

4

Goal: Make a drawing app

5

Rectangles, Stars,

Circles, and Triangles

have a lot in common, but they are also different in very

Sharing Work

Problem:Redundant code.

(Any time you copy-and-paste code, you are likely doing something wrong.)

Solution: Create a parent class with shared code

Then, create subclassesof the parentclass

A subclass deals with specific details different from the parent class 6

Defining a Subclass

classShape: """A shape located at x,y""" defʞʟʌʎ classCircle(Shape): """An instance is a circle.""" defʞʟʌʎ classRectangle(Shape): """An in stance is a rectangle. """ def__init__(self, x, y, ht, lenʟʌʎ defʞʟʌʎ Shape

RectangleCircle

__init__(self,x,y) draw(self) Shape __init__(self,x,y, ht, len) draw(self)

Rectangle(Shape)

__init__(self,x,y, radius) draw(self)

Circle(Shape)

Superclass

Parentclass

Baseclass

Subclass

Childclass

Derivedclass

7

Extending Classes

class(): """Class specification"""

So far, classes have

implicitly extended object

Classto extend

(mayneed module name: .) 8 objectand the Subclass Hierarchy

Subclassingcreates a

hierarchyof classes

Each class has its own

super class or parent

Until object

ʋobjecthas many features

Default operators:

__init__, __str__,__eq__

Which of these need to be

replaced?

Super class

Super super class

built-in class 9

Example

object Shape

Rectangle

Square

__init__ classShape: """A shape @ location x,y""" def__init__(self, x, y): self.x= x self.y= y classCircle(Shape): """Instance is a Circle @ x,ywith size radius""" def__init__(self, x, y, radius): super().__init__(x, y) self.radius= radius

Want to use the original version

of the method?

New method = original+more

Don't repeat code from the original

Call old method explicitly

Object Attributes can be Inherited

id3

Circle

y2 x1 radius4.0

Initialized in

Circle

initializer 11 classShape: """A shape @ location x,y""" def__init__(self, x, y): self.x= x self.y= y classCircle(Shape): """Instance is a Circle @ x,ywith size radius""" def__init__(self, x, y, radius): super().__init__(x,y) self.radius= radius

Initialized in

Shape initializer c1 = Circle(1, 2, 4.0) c1id3 classShape: """Instance is shape @ x,y""" def__init__(self,x,y): def__str__(self): return"Shape @ ("+str(self.x)+", "+str(self.y)+")" defdraw(selfʟʌʎ classCircle(Shape): """Instance is a Circle @ x,yʕʕʫ def__init__(self,x,y,radius): def__str__(self): return"Circle: Radius="+str(self.radius)+" "+super().__str__() defdraw(selfʟʌʎ __init__(self) __str__(self) __eq__(self) object __init__(self,x,y) __str__(self) Shape __init__(self,x,y,radius) __str__(self)

Circle

Understanding Method Overriding

__init__(self) __str__(self) __eq__(self) object __init__(self,x,y) __str__(self) __eq__(self) draw(self) Shape __init__(self,x,y,radius) __str__(self) __eq__(self) draw(self)

Circle

c1 = Circle(1,2,4.0) print(str(c1))

Which __str__do we use?

Start at bottom class folder

Find first method with name

Use that definition

Each subclass automatically

inheritsmethods of parent.

New method definitions

override those of parent. 14

Name Resolution Revisited

To look up attribute/method name

1.Look first in instance (object folder)

2.Then look in the class (folder)

Subclasses add two more rules:

3.Look in the superclass

4.Repeat 3. until reach object

Often called the BottomUp Rule

radius4.0 id3 y2x1c1id3

Circle

object __init__(self,x,y, radius) draw(self)

Circle(Shape)

__init__(self,x,y) draw(self)

Shape()

c1 = Circle(1,2,4.0) r = c1.radius c1.draw()

Q1: Name Resolution and Inheritance

classA: deff(self): returnself.g() defg(self): return10 classB(A): defg(self): return14 defh(self): return18

Execute the following:

>>> a= A() >>> b= B()

What is value of a.f()?

quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20
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