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U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Open-File Report 2012-1109

Introduction to Geospatial Semantics and TechnologyWorkshop Handbook1649

Quarry

Building

Control Station

Mine Shaft

'Crater Road' Well Water Sand Road

16529763

1497
1523
1529
'Meteor Crater'

Meteoric Crater

instanceOf inverse hasProduct locatedIn nearbyFeature 'Meteor Crater

Museum'

'USGS Benchmark

BM5723'

'USGS Benchmark

BM5706'

'USGS Benchmark

BM5123'

Cover photograph. Meteor Crater, Arizona (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meteor_Crater_-_Arizona.jpg).

Introduction to Geospatial Semantics and

Technology Workshop Handbook

Edited by Dalia E. Varanka

Open-File Report 2012-1109

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

U.S. Department of the Interior

KEN SALAZAR, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Marcia K. McNutt, Director

U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2012

For more information on the USGS - the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes onl y and does not imply endorsement by the

U.S. Government.

Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.

Suggested citation:

Varanka, D.E., ed., 2012, Introduction to geospatial semantics and techno logy workshop handbook: U.S. Geological

Survey Open-File Report 2012-1109, 107 p.

iii

Contents

Workshop Agenda ........................................................................ Workshop Summary and Slides ........................................................................ .4

An Introduction to Semantic Web and Technology Concepts ......................................................9

Accessing Linked Data Over the Internet ........................................................................

..............33

The USGS Approach to the Geospatial Semantic Web ................................................................44

Accessing Topographic Data Triples ........................................................................

.......................68

The SOCoP Open Ontology Repository (OOR) ........................................................................

........92 Meteor Crater Ontology ........................................................................ Internet Resources ........................................................................

Standards and Shared Vocabularies ........................................................................

.......................99

Software and Technology Products ........................................................................

........................99 Ontologies and Linked Data ........................................................................ ....................................100 Online Tutorials ........................................................................ Ontology Communities, Professional Organizations, and Workshop Events .........................101

Research Groups and Programs of Study ........................................................................

............101 Blogs ........................................................................ ...101 Suggested Literature ........................................................................

Semantic and Geospatial Semantic Web ........................................................................

.............102

Geospatial Semantics and Ontology ........................................................................

.....................102

Taxomony, Mereotopology and Other Relations ........................................................................

.103

Linked Data and Social Networking ........................................................................

......................103 Application Engineering ........................................................................

Geography, GIScience, and GeoInformatics ........................................................................

........103 Land Cover ........................................................................

Ecology and Environmental Monitoring ........................................................................

................104 Terrain ........................................................................ .104

Ontology of Rasters and Images ........................................................................

............................105

Similarity and Interoperability ........................................................................

................................105

Logic and Knowledge Representation and Reasoning ..............................................................105

USGS Resources ........................................................................

Edited Journal Issues and Proceedings from Scholarly Meetings ..........................................106

Workshop Review Form ........................................................................ Introduction to Geospatial Semantics and Technology

Workshop Handbook

University Consortium for Geographic Information Science

May 29, 2012

Washington D.C.

The workshop is a tutorial on introductory geospatial semantics with han ds-on exercises using standard Web browsers.

The National Map

Dalia E. Varanka, Editor

http://cegis.usgs.gov/ontology.html http://www.socop.org

2 Introduction to Geospatial Semantics and Technology Workshop Handbook

Workshop Agenda

12:00 - 1:00 pm

1:00 - 2:00 pm

FOAF-A-MATIC

http://ldodds.com/foaf/foaf-a-matic

Tim Berners-Lee"s FOAF page.

http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/

Start page for the GeoNames map

http://www.geonames.org/6295630/

Download page for GeoNames

Start page for the Faceted Search

http://dbpedia.neofonie.de/browse

URL for Virtuoso RDF Browser

http://dbpedia.org/fct/

DBpedia download page

http://wiki.dbpedia.org/Downloads37

Workshop Agenda 3

2:00 - 3:00 pm

The National Map, data retrieval, research needs in geospatial semantics

3:00 - 4:00 pm Hands-on exercises: Accessing topographic data triples

http://usgs-ybother.srv.mst.edu/viz/

4:00 - 5:00 pm

http://socop.oor.net/

4 Introduction to Geospatial Semantics and Technology Workshop Handbook

Workshop Summary and Slides

Overview

UCGIS/USGS

Geospatial Semantics Workshop

Doubletree Hotel, Washington, D.C.

May 29, 2012

U.S. Department of the Interior

U.S. Geological Survey

Workshop Summary and Slides 5

Motivation - Why host a Workshop

Geospatial semantics are future research and

operational modes for GIS data

Lack of assimilation of semantics in GIScience

community - Ğ͘Ő͕͘Semantic Web appeared in

2001; not many GIScientists use it even now

Potential to expose USGS approach and data to

public audience; outreach to gain feedback on

USGS efforts

Basic tutorial on semantics is needed in GIScience community

Introductory Level Tutorial

The Workshop is an introductory tutorial on

geospatial semantics

Introduces the Semantic Web and some general

applications Includes specific details of USGS data conversion, availability and access

This workshop assumes little prior knowledge,

only an ability to work with computers and

Web browsers

6 Introduction to Geospatial Semantics and Technology Workshop Handbook

Goals of the Workshop

Introduce semantic data on the Web

Introduce examples of Semantic Web applications

Introduce geospatial semantics

Provide USGS approach to semantics for geospatial

data

Provide access to sample geospatial Resource

Description Framework (RDF) data

What you will learn

Basic vocabulary and operation of Semantic

Web

How geospatial data are structured as RDF

How to build new RDF data

How to convert existing legacy geospatial data

How to query RDF triplestores with SPARQL and

GeoSPARQL

Workshop Summary and Slides 7

Some Topics Not Included

Specific software packages

The SPARQL query language and syntax

Reasoning logic used in semantic applications

Specific ontological applications

Instructors

Dalia Varanka, Research Geographer, USGS

E. Lynn Usery, Research Geographer, USGS

David Mattli, Computer Scientist, USGS

Wayne Viers, Computer Scientist, USGS

Brian Collinge, Geographer, USGS

Gary Berg-Cross, Spatial Ontology Community of

Practice

8 Introduction to Geospatial Semantics and Technology Workshop Handbook

Workshop Organization

Overview lecture on semantic concepts - Dalia

Varanka

Hands-on exercise with Facebook, DBpedia,

Geonames

- Wayne Viers Overview of USGS approach and geospatial semantics - E. Lynn Usery Building ontology with Protégé - Brian Collinge Hands-on exercises with USGS geospatial semantic data --- David Mattli

Open Ontology Repository - Gary Berg-Cross

Workshop Summary and Slides 9

An Introduction to Semantic Web and Technology Concepts protocols.

Geospatial Semantics

An Introduction to the Basics

Dalia E. Varanka

Research Geographer

http://cegis.usgs.gov/ontology.html

10 Introduction to Geospatial Semantics and Technology Workshop Handbook

Why the Semantic Web?

Our world and particularly our cities form complex socio- technical-natural systems, meta-systems, and systems of systems More intelligence, instrumentation, application, integration Big Data (volume, variety, velocity, value) driving new paradigms in science

Semantics

Semantics, the study of how humans derive meaning from representations, is a central approach for the design of new scales of systems and data

Growing area of technical research since 2001

Rooted in artificial intelligence

Ontology: the structural framework for organizing meaningful information

Broadly based research field;

philosophy, linguistics, social science, engineering

Workshop Summary and Slides 11

Topics of this Introduction

Semantic Web standards

Semantic technology implementation

Designing ontology patterns

Geosemantic adaptations

GeoSPARQL standard

Presentation, Office, or Program Name

Internet Today

Web page URLs and keywords

pull out snippets of information; lack context

Linked data using tags

self-driven interaction with the media

Data scarcity, generalization, and representation

can all cause ambiguous information interpretations

12 Introduction to Geospatial Semantics and Technology Workshop Handbook

A web of data forms the context that speciĮes the meaning of a concept

Koivunen, M-R., and Miller, E.

W3C Semantic Web Activity

SPARQL

Query Graph

Triplestore

Inference

Reasoner

Results

quotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20

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