[PDF] An Introduction to Language and Linguistics PDF

30 avr. 2021 An Introduction to Language and Communication. Sixth Edition. Adrian Akmajian. Richard A. Demers. Ann K. Farmer. Robert M. Harnish.

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Linguistics : an introduction to language and communication / Adrian Akmajian . . . [et al.].—5th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index.

Linguistics: An introduction to language and communication By

topics of morphology phonetics

PDF An Introduction to Language and Linguistics

communication. Or perhaps once they reached a certain level of neurological. Universal properties of language. Introduction. RALPH FASOLD AND JEFF CONNOR-

INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS

The Module 5: Introduction to Language and Linguistics (MT 212) has been from different language groups need a common language for communication ...

1 Introduction: What is language?

language and communication as well as the methods of analysis used by those who work in this field. It also considers the complexity of language by examin-.

LANGUAGE AS A TOOL FOR COMMUNICATION AND CULTURAL

Language is a communication tool used by everyone in their daily life as a means Keywords: Language Communication

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AT EARLY CHILDHOOD

communication both expressed in the form of oral

English 227: Introduction to Language

The course covers the following major topics: the nature of human linguistic communication and language universals; grammatical aspects of language

Introduction to Events and Objects in Perception Language

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[PDF] LINGUISTICS - An Introduction to Language and Communication

30 avr 2021 · This book was set in Times New Roman on 3B2 by Asco Typesetters Hong Kong Printed and bound in the United States of America Library of

[PDF] An Introduction to Language and Linguistics

This accessible new textbook is the only introduction to linguistics in which each chapter is written by an expert who teaches courses on that topic ensuring

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Language development is a process starting early in human life when a person begins to acquire language by learning it as it is spoken and by mimicry

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13 avr 2019 · The tenth edition of An Introduction to Language continues in the spirit of our friend colleague mentor and coauthor Victoria Fromkin

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Introducing Language in Use: covers all the core areas and topics of language study: language semiotics and communication grammar phonetics words semantics

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20 fév 2019 · The ninth edition of An Introduction to Language continues in the spirit cognitive skills different from the ability to communicate in a

[PDF] Language and Communication

This course is a complement to the Introduction to Linguistics sequence for the fact that spoken language is the dominant mode of communication in all

[PDF] INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS

Language is more than just a set of sounds or a set of words with meaning Language is the primary way in which people communicate and this communication

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offered a broad introductory course in psychology will have little diflSculty preparing lectures on language and communication

[PDF] Linguistics : an introduction to language and communication / Adrian

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Linguistics : an introduction to language and communication / Adrian Akmajian [et al ] — 6th ed

An Introduction to Language and Linguistics

This accessible new textbook is the only introduction to linguistics in which each chapter is written by an expert who teaches courses on that topic, ensuring balanced and uniformly excellent coverage of the full range of modern linguistics. Assuming no prior knowledge, the text offers a clear introduction to the traditional topics of structural linguistics (theories of sound, form, meaning, and language change), and in addition provides full coverage of contextual linguistics, including separate chapters on discourse, dialect variation, language and culture, and the politics of language. There are also up-to-date separate chapters on language and the brain, computational linguistics, writing, child language acquisition, and second language learning. The breadth of the textbook makes it ideal for introductory courses on language and linguistics offered by departments of English, sociology, anthropology, and communications, as well as by linguistics departments. RALPH FASOLDis Professor Emeritus and past Chair of the Department of Linguistics at Georgetown University. He is the author of four books and editor or coeditor of six others. Among them are the textbooks The Sociolinguistics of Society(1984) and The Sociolinguistics of Language(1990). JEFF CONNOR-LINTONis an Associate Professor in the Department of Linguistics at Georgetown University, where he has been Head of the Applied Linguistics Program and Department Chair. He supervises a multi-section introductory linguistics course and the pedagogical training of graduate students in the Linguistics Department.

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An Introduction

to Language and Linguistics

Edited by

RALPH FASOLD

AND

JEFF CONNOR-LINTON

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www.cambridge.org

Information on this title:

www.cambridge.org/9780521847681

© Cambridge University Press 2006

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. Printed in Spain by Grafos S.A. Arte Sobre Papael, Barcelona A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library

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First published 2006

ISBN 978-0-521-61235-7 Paperback

ISBN 978-0-521-84768-1 Hardback

accurate or appropriate. an d doe s no t

guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy

University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the UniversityÕs mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest internationallevels of excellence.

6th printing 2013

Detailed contentsvii

Acknowledgmentsxvi

Introduction1

Ralph Fasold and Jeff Connor-Linton

1The sounds of language13

Elizabeth Zsiga

2Words and their parts55

Donna Lardiere

3The structure of sentences97

David Lightfoot and Ralph Fasold

4Meaning137

Paul Portner

5Discourse169

Deborah Schiffrin

6Child language acquisition205

Kendall A. King

7Language and the brain235

Michael T. Ullman

8Language change275

Shaligram Shukla and Jeff Connor-Linton

9Dialect variation311

Natalie Schilling-Estes

10Language and culture343

Deborah Tannen

11The politics of language373

Ralph Fasold

12Writing401

Jeff Connor-Linton

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13Second language acquisition433

Alison Mackey

14Computational linguistics465

Inderjeet Mani

Glossary493

References519

Index533

viCONTENTS

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Introduction1

Universal properties of language1

Modularity2

Constituency and recursion2

Discreteness3

Productivity4

Arbitrariness4

Reliance on context5

Variability6

The descriptive approach7

Defining language9

The diversity of linguistics10

How to approach this book

1The sounds of language13

Key terms13

Chapter preview13

Goals14

Articulatory phonetics14

The tools of phonetics14

The vocal tract14

Articulation17

Manners of articulation18

Writing sounds: transcription20

Consonants22

Vowels25

Suprasegmentals28

Length28

Tone and intonation29

Syllable structure30

Stress31

Acoustic phonetics32

Sound waves32

Simple and complex sounds33

Hearing34

Measuring speech35

Phonology38

Phonemes and allophones38

Phonotactics41

Alternation and allomorphs43

Types of phonological alternations

Detailed contents

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viiiDETAILED CONTENTS

Phonological theory47

Chapter summary49

Exercises50

Suggestions for further reading53

2Words and their parts55

Key terms55

Chapter preview55

Goals56

What is a word?56

Morphology: the study of word-structure59

Morphemes61

The forms of morphemes64

Some morphological operations of the worldÕs

languages 66

Affixation67

Other types of affixation66

Reduplication69

Ablaut and suppletion71

Tone and stress72

Two purposes of morphology: derivation and inflection72

Derivation74

Inflection80

Acquiring inflectional contrasts90

Chapter summary92

Exercises93

Suggestions for further reading96

3The structure of sentences97

Key terms97

Chapter preview97

Goals98

Poverty of the stimulus98

The amazing robot basketball player98

Applying the metaphor to the structure of sentences99

Compositionality100

Projection100

Merger101

Adjunction107

Movement and deletion109

Grammars are finite; language is not111

Recursion112

The significance of recursion113

Restrictions113

You can do without that, but not always113

Heavy Determiner Phrase movement116

The Binding Theory117

Summary121

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Differences in syntax across languages122

HeadÐcomplement order in Hindi122

Immobile-WH-words in Thai123

Gender in languages123

Functional Syntax126

A functional analysis of pronouns126

Contrasting formal and functional analyses128

Chapter summary129

Exercises131

Suggestions for further reading135

4Meaning137

Key terms137

Chapter preview137

Goals138

SpeakerÕs meaning and semantic meaning138

Semantics139

Fundamental semantic concepts and

compositionality 140

Subjects, predicates, and arguments141

Thematic roles and lexical semantics143

Logical words146

Modifiers147

Quantification149

Intensionality152

Semantics summary156

Pragmatics 1: meaning and context157

Indexicality, context-dependency, and anaphora157

Presupposition158

Pragmatics 2: meaning and the intention to

communicate 159

The Gricean view of meaning159

Implicature160

Speech acts162

Pragmatics summary163

Philosophical issues163

The psychological view163

The referential view165

Chapter summary166

Exercises166

Suggestions for further reading168

5Discourse169

Key terms169

Chapter preview169

Goals170

Language use above and beyond the sentence170

Data: language use in everyday life172

Detailed contentsix

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Spoken and written discourse: a first look175

Spoken discourse176

Sequential and distributional analyses177

Repair and recipient design178

Comparing transcripts180

Adjacency pairs182

Participation frameworks183

Narratives184

Summary: spoken discourse185

Written discourse186

Fragmentation and integration186

Writing to be read187

Language functions192

Planes of discourse194

Participation framework195

Exchange structure195

Act structures196

Information state196

Idea structure196

Linking together planes of discourse197

Chapter summary198

Exercises199

Suggestions for further reading202

6Child language acquisition205

Key terms205

Chapter preview205

Goals206

Gathering data on language acquisition206

Parental diaries206

Observational studies207

Experimental studies209

The data: milestones in child language development 210

The first sounds210

The first words212

First sentences: morphological and syntactic

development 213
Crosslinguistic and crosscultural aspects of language acquisitionquotesdbs_dbs20.pdfusesText_26

[PDF] [PDF] An Introduction to Language and Linguistics

An Introduction to Language and Linguistics

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An Introduction

Edited by

RALPH FASOLD

JEFF CONNOR-LINTON

0521847680pre_pi-xvi.qxd 1/11/06 3:32 PM Page iii sushil Quark11:Desktop Folder:

Information on this title:

© Cambridge University Press 2006

0521847680pre_pi-xvi.qxd 1/11/06 3:32 PM Page iv sushil Quark11:Desktop Folder:

First published 2006

ISBN 978-0-521-61235-7 Paperback

ISBN 978-0-521-84768-1 Hardback

6th printing 2013

Detailed contentsvii

Acknowledgmentsxvi

Introduction1

Ralph Fasold and Jeff Connor-Linton

1The sounds of language13

Elizabeth Zsiga

2Words and their parts55

Donna Lardiere

3The structure of sentences97

David Lightfoot and Ralph Fasold

4Meaning137

Paul Portner

5Discourse169

Deborah Schiffrin

6Child language acquisition205

Kendall A. King

7Language and the brain235

Michael T. Ullman

8Language change275

Shaligram Shukla and Jeff Connor-Linton

9Dialect variation311

Natalie Schilling-Estes

10Language and culture343

Deborah Tannen

11The politics of language373

Ralph Fasold

12Writing401

Jeff Connor-Linton

Contents

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13Second language acquisition433

Alison Mackey

14Computational linguistics465

Inderjeet Mani

Glossary493

References519

Index533

0521847680pre_pi-xvi.qxd 1/11/06 3:32 PM Page vi sushil Quark11:Desktop Folder:

Introduction1

Universal properties of language1

Modularity2

Constituency and recursion2

Discreteness3

Productivity4

Arbitrariness4

Reliance on context5

Variability6

The descriptive approach7

Defining language9

The diversity of linguistics10

How to approach this book

1The sounds of language13

Key terms13

Chapter preview13

Goals14

Articulatory phonetics14

The tools of phonetics14

The vocal tract14

Articulation17

Manners of articulation18

Writing sounds: transcription20

Consonants22

Vowels25

Suprasegmentals28