NARROWBAND IoT SOLUTION DEVELOPER PROTOCOLS GUIDE
Optimized IoT applications however
A survey of IoT protocols and their security issues through the lens of
Aug 20 2020 In this survey
A latency comparison of IoT protocols in MES
As stated the UWP (see section below) IoT Azure libraries do not support connecting to an Azure IoT. Hub with the MQTT protocol. This limitation obviously
Leveraging Blockchain-based Protocols in IoT Systems
protocols in IoT systems. Konstantinos Kolias Angelos Stavrou. Irena Bojanova
Unit – 4 IoT Protocols and Security
though it is M2M architecture. • M2M and IoT sometimes are used interchangeably in the United States. 20 March 2018. Unit 4 - IoT Protocols and Security.
RUCKUS IoT Suite data sheet
I100 serves as a single connectivity point between disparate IoT devices using different protocols and a RUCKUS IoT-ready AP.
Comparison of IoT Application Layer Protocols
In this thesis we study four application layer protocols: MQTT
Securing the IoT Ecosystem with Fortinet
May 31 2021 Fortinet IoT security capabilities are delivered via the most ... All commonly used IoT protocols such as MQTT
IoT Protocols
Protocols of IoT (ZigBee IEEE 802.11ah
A Survey of Protocols and Standards for the Internet of Things
These standards include communications routing
[PDF] IoT Protocols
Protocols of IoT (ZigBee IEEE 802 11ah ) Energy-efficient WiFi for IoT Long range wide area network for IoT Fog Computing Architecture for IoT
[PDF] 11 Internet of Things (IoT) Protocols You Need to Know About
Many communication technologies are well known such as WiFi Bluetooth ZigBee and 2G/3G/4G cellular but there are also several new emerging networking
[PDF] A Study of Communication Protocols for Internet of Things (IoT
Wireless IoT protocol solutions standards and technologies for data communications and connectivity come in various kinds for many potential cases of IoT
(PDF) IoT Protocols - ResearchGate
20 déc 2022 · PDF On Dec 19 2022 Nitin Shivsharan published IoT Protocols Find read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
[PDF] UNIT – I – IoT Architecture and its Protocols– SCSA1408
With the rise of IoT and standards-based protocols such as IPv6 the IT and We can access the report export it in pdf excel or any preferred format
[PDF] IOT
IoT is enabled by several technologies including Wireless Sensor Networks Cloud Computing Big Data Analytics Embedded Systems Security Protocols and
[PDF] TECHNOLOGIES & PROTOCOLS FOR IOT
16 fév 2021 · Communication Protocols for IoT The following communication protocols have immediate importance to consumer and industrial IoTs:
[PDF] INTERNET OF THINGS & ITS APPLICATIONS - mrcetacin
IoT network technologies to be aware of toward the bottom of the protocol stack include cellular Wifi and Ethernet as well as more specialized solutions such
[PDF] Networking Protocols and Standards for Internet of Things
30 nov 2015 · In this paper we highlight IoT protocols that are operating at http://standards ieee org/getieee802/download/802 15 4-2011 pdf
[PDF] IoT Protocols And Security - WordPresscom
Internet Protocol for Smart Objects (IPSO) • Aim to form an open group of companies to market and educate about how to use IP for IoT smart objects based
What are IoT protocols?
IoT protocols: How IoT devices communicate with the network
Internet protocol (IP) is a set of rules that dictates how data gets sent to the internet. IoT protocols ensure that information from one device or sensor gets read and understood by another device, a gateway, a service.What are the 4 protocols of IoT?
Dive deeper into the Internet of Things (IoT) communication through a brief overview of the different IoT data protocols.
Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)Data Distribution Service (DDS)WebSocket.Advanced Message Queue Protocol (AMQP)What is the most used protocol in IoT?
WiFi. This is the most famous IoT protocol. A Wifi network can be created with the intervention of a device or product that can send wireless signals (phones, computers, routers). Wifi uses frequencies like 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz channels to transmit data.- Some of the major IoT technology and protocol (IoT Communication Protocols) are Bluetooth, Wifi, Radio Protocols, LTE-A, and WiFi-Direct. These IoT communication protocols cater to and meet the specific functional requirement of an IoT system.
IoT Protocols
Qian Zhang
Agenda
02 03 04Energy-efficient WiFi for IoT
Long range wide area network for IoT
Fog Computing Architecture for IoT 01
Fog Computing: A Platform
for IoT and AnalyticsCloud Computing
only cloud is not the optimal solution to handle this massive explosionFog Computing
Fog computing is making use of
decentralized servers in between network core and network edge for data processing and to serve the immediate requirements of the end systems.Fog computing is non-trivial
extension of Cloud computing paradigm to the edge of the network.Need for fog computing
Why can't do all in cloud͍
Cloud computing frees the enterprise and the end user from many details. This bliss becomes a problem for latency-sensitive applications.Why can't do all in end systems͍
Physical constraints: energy, space, etc.,
Illustrative Use Cases to Drive Fog computing
Use Case 1: A smart Traffic Light System (STLS)
Use Case 2: Wind Farms
To abstract the major requirements to propose an
architecture that addresses a vast majority of the IoT requirements.Use Case 1: A Smart Traffic Light System(STLS)
System Outline:
STLS calls for deployment of a STL at each intersection.The STL is equipped with sensors that
1.Measure the distance and speed of approaching vehicles from every
direction.2.Detect presence of pedestrians/other vehicles crossing the street.
- Issues ͞Slow down" warnings to ǀehicles at risk to crossing in red and even modifies its own cycle to prevent collisions.STLS: System outline continued..
STLS has 3 major goals:
1.Accidents prevention
2.Maintenance of steady flow of traffic (green waves along the main
roads)3.Collection of relevant data to evaluate and improve the system
Note: Goal (1) requires real-time reaction, (2) near-real time, and (3) relates to the collection and analysis of global data over long periods.Key requirements driven by STLS
1.Local Subsystem latency:- Reaction time needed is in the order of <
10 milliseconds.
2.Middleware orchestration platform:- Middleware to handle a # of
critical software components. A. Decision maker(DM), B. message bus.3.Networking infrastructure:- Fog nodes belongs to a family of
modular compute and storage devices.4.Interplay with the cloud:- Data must be injected into a Data center/
cloud for deep analysis to identify patterns in traffic, city pollutants.5.Consistency of a highly distributed system:- Need to be
Consistent between the different aggregator points.6.Multi-tenancy:- It must provide strict service guarantees all the
time.7.Multiplicity of providers:- May extend beyond the borders of a
single controlling authority. Orchestration of consistent policies involving multiple agencies is a challenge unique to FogComputing.
Use case 2: Wind Farm
Brings up requirements shared by a number of Internet ofEverything (IoE) deployments:
1.Interplay between real time analytics and batch analytics.
2.Tight interaction between sensors and actuators, in closed
control loops.3.Wide geographical deployment of a large system consistent
of a number of autonomous yet coordinated modules - which gives rise to the need of an orchestration platform.System outline:
There are 4 typical regions:
1.Region1: Wind speed is very low(say, 6m/sec), not so economical to
run the turbine.2.Region2: Normal operating condition(winds between 6-12m/sec), so
maximum conversion of wind power into electrical power.3.Region3: Winds exceed 12 m/sec, power is limited to avoid exceeding
safe electrical and mechanical loads.4.Region4: Very high wind speeds above 25 m/sec, here turbine is
powered down to avoid excessive operating loads.Key requirements driven by Wind Farm
1.Network Infrastructure: An efficient communication network between
sub-systems, system and the internet (cloud)2.Global controller: gathering data, building the global state, determining
the policy.3.Middle Orchestration platform: A middleware that mediates between
sub-systems and the cloud.4.Data analytics: (1) requires real-time reaction, (2) near-real time, and (3)
relates to the collection and analysis of global data over long periods.Key attributes of Fog computing
The Use Cases that were discussed brings up a # of attributes that differentiate Fog computing platform from the Cloud. Applications that require very low and predictable latency. (STLS, SCV) Geo-distributed applications (pipeline monitoring, STLS) Fast mobile applications (Smart connected vehicle, rail) Large-scale distributed control systems (STLS, smart grid) IoT also brings Big Data with a twist: rather than high volume, the number of data sources distributed geographicallyGeo-distribution: A new Dimension of Big Data
3 Dimensions: Volume, Velocity and Variety.
IoT use cases: STLS, Connected Rail, pipeline monitoring are naturally distributed. This suggests to add a 4th dimension: geo-distribution. Since challenge is to manage number of sensors (and actuators) that are naturally distributed as a coherent whole. Call for ͞moǀing the processing to the data" A distributed intelligent platform at the Edge (Fog computing) that manages distributed compute, networking, and storage resources.The Edge (Fog) and the core (Fog) interplay:
Many uses of same data
Fog Software Architecture
Fog nodes are
heterogeneous in nature and deployed in variety of environments including core, edge, access networks and endpointsFog architecture should
facilitate seamless resource management across diverse set of platformsConclusion
We looked at Fog computing and key aspects of it
How fog complements and extends cloud computing
We looked at use cases that motivated the need for fog Seen a high-leǀel description of Fog's architectureAgenda
02 03 04Energy-efficient WiFi for IoT
Long range wide area network for IoT
Fog Computing Architecture for IoT 01
IoT Ecosystem
Protocols for IoT
1. Bluetooth
Started with Ericsson's Bluetooth Project in 1994 for radio-communication between cell phones over short distances Named after Danish king Herald Blatand (AD 940-981) who was fond of blueberries Intel, IBM, Nokia, Toshiba, and Ericsson formed Bluetooth SIG in May 1998 Version 1.0A of the specification came out in late 1999 IEEE 802.15.1 approved in early 2002 is based on Bluetooth. Later versions handled byBluetooth SIG directly
Key Features:
Lower Power: 10 mA in standby, 50 mA while transmittingCheap: $5 per device
Small: 9 mm2 single chips
History
Bluetooth Versions
Bluetooth 1.1: IEEE 802.15.1-2002
Bluetooth 1.2: IEEE 802.15.1-2005. Completed Nov 2003. Extended SCO, Higher variable rate retransmission for SCO + Adaptive frequency hopping (avoid frequencies with interference) Bluetooth 2.0 + Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) (Nov 2004): 3 Mbps using DPSK. For video applications. Reduced power due to reduced duty cycle Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR (July 2007): Secure Simple Pairing to speed up pairing Bluetooth 3.0+ High Speed (HS) (April 2009): 24 Mbps using WiFi PHY + BluetoothPHY for lower rates
Bluetooth 4.0 (June 2010): Low energy. Smaller devices requiring longer battery life (several years). New incompatible PHY. Bluetooth Smart or BLE Bluetooth 4.1: 4.0 + Core Specification Amendments (CSA) 1, 2, 3, 4 Bluetooth 4.2 (Dec 2014): Larger packets, security/privacy, IPv6 profileNaming for Bluetooth 4.x
Bluetooth Smart
Low Energy: 1% to 50% of Bluetooth classic
For short broadcast: Your body temperature, Heart rate, Wearables, sensors, automotive, industrial Small messages: 1Mbps data rate but throughput not criticalBattery life: In years from coin cells
Lower cost than Bluetooth classic
New protocol design based on Nokia's WiBree technologyShares the same 2.4GHz radio as Bluetooth
AE Dual mode chips
BLE Roles
Topology
BLE Power Status
Bluetooth Smart PHY
2.4 GHz. 150 m open field
Star topology
1 Mbps Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
Better range than Bluetooth classic
Adaptive Frequency hopping. 40 Channels
with 2 MHz spacing3 channels reserved for advertizing and 37 channels for data
Advertising channels specially selected to avoid interference with WiFi channelsBluetooth Smart MAC
Two Deǀice Types͗ ͞Peripherals" simpler than ͞central"Two PDU Types: Advertising, Data
Non-Connectable Advertising: Broadcast data in clear Discoverable Advertising: Central may request more information. Peripheral can send data without connection General Advertising: Broadcast presence wanting to connect. Central may request a short connection. Directed Advertising: Transmit signed data to a previously connected masterBluetooth Smart Protocol Stack
Generic Attribute Profile - GATT
GATT Operations
Central can
discover UUIDs for all primary servicesFind a service with a given UUID
Find secondary services for a given primary serviceDiscover all characteristics for a given service
Find characteristics matching a given UUID
Read all descriptors for a particular characteristic Can do read, write, long read, long write values etc.Peripheral
Notify or indicate central of changes
Security
Encryption (128 bit AES)
Pairing (Without key, with a shared key, out of band pairing) Passive eavesdropping during key exchange (but fixed inBluetooth 4.2)
Many products are building their own security on top of BLE Check out Mike Ryan (iSec partners) work on securityBluetooth Smart Applications
Proximity: In car, In room 303, In the mall
Locator: Keys, watches, Animals
Health devices: Heart rate monitor, physical activities monitors, thermometer Sensors: Temperature, Battery Status, tire pressureRemote control: Open/close locks, turn on lights
Use Cases - Physical Security
Use Cases - Home Automation
Use Cases - Geo-fencing/ Positioning
Use Cases - Fun
Development Kits/Boards
Operating System Support
iOS 8 -OSX 10.10 -
Android 4.3, 4.4, 5.0 .
Linux 3.4, BlueZ 5.0 .
Windows Phone 8.1 (only central) I
Windows 8.1 (app mode) I
2. ZigBee Markets
Proven excellent in-building coverage
Inherently robust radio link
Mesh networking
Acknowledge oriented protocol
Now proven in major deployments in Australia, Sweden, & USAProven tolerance to interference
Trade shows like CES-works when WiFi and Bluetooth failMontage Hotels and MGM City Center deployments
Products which implement multiple radio technologiesProven coexistence
Many multi-radio products and multi-radio deploymentsProven scalability
City Center at 70,000 plus radios
Montage Hotels at 4000 plus radios per property
ZigBee Technology-Performance
ZigBee Platform Interoperability
Ensures Network interoperability but does not imply application layer interoperability There are multiple Compliant Platforms to choose fromZigBee Compliant
Platform
ZigBee Product Interoperability
Products with the same application profiles interoperate end to end ZigBee has published a set of Public Application Profiles ensuring end product interoperabilityZigBee
Compliant
Product
Basic Network Characteristics
ͻ65,536 network (client) nodes
ͻ27 channels over 2 bands
ͻ250Kbps data rate
ͻOptimized for timing-critical
applications and power management ͻFull Mesh Networking Support Network coordinatorFull Function node
Reduced Function node
Communications flow
Virtual links
Basic Radio Characteristics
ZigBee technology relies upon
IEEE 802.15.4, which has
excellent performance in lowSNR environments
ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Mesh Networking
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ZigBee Stack Architecture
Application
Initiate and join network
Manage network
Determine device relationships
Send and receive messages
Physical Radio (PHY)
Medium Access (MAC)
Application
ZDO NWKApp Support (APS)
SSP Security functions
Network organization
Route discovery
Message relaying
Device binding
Messaging
Device management
Device discovery
Service discovery
ZigBee Device Types
ZigBee Coordinator (ZC)
One required for each ZB network.
Initiates network formation.
ZigBee Router (ZR)
Participates in multihop routing of messages.
ZigBee End Device (ZED)
Does not allow association or routing.
Enables very low cost solutions
ZigBee Network Topologies
ZigBee Coordinator
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