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BARRON'S

BARRON'S

FOREIGN

LANGUAGE

GUIDES

FOREIGN LANGUAGE GUIDES

BARRON'S

FOREIGN LANGUAGE GUIDES

FOURTH EDITION

Fully conjugated in all the tenses

in an easy-to-learn format alphabetically arranged 0

FREECD-ROMINSIDE

GERMAN

VERBS

BRAND-NEW

EDITION OF

BARRON'S

BEST-SELLING

501 VERBS

SERIES

THE BEST-SELLING VERB SERIES IN THE WORLD

Learning German Is Twice as Easy with

This Helpful 2-in-1 Combination!

Henry Strutz

Strutz

ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-9393-4

EAN $16.99 Canada $19.99 www.barronseduc.com

ISBN-10: 0-7641-9393-7

The easy-to-use reference book gives you:

• The most common German verbs, alphabetically arranged, one verb per page, conjugated in all tenses • Common idioms and example sentences demonstrating verb usage • Index of German verb forms identified by their infinitive • A summary of sequence of verb tenses . . . and much more

The bonus CD-ROM gives you:

• Sentence completion exercises - fill in the correct word • Dialogue exercises - fill in the appropriate response • Word completion exercises - find the correct verb form • Word seek exercises - find the right word to fit the phrase • Matching with English - find correct translations in the right-hand column • Answers given for all exercises 0

GERMANVERBS

GERMAN VERBS

with CD-ROM7-9393-501GermVrbs-Fbs 9/11/07 4:29 PM Page 1

FOURTH EDITION

Fully conjugated in all the tenses in a new,

easy-to-learn format, alphabetically arranged by

Henry Strutz

Formerly Associate Professor of Languages

S.U.N.Y., Agricultural and Technical College

Alfred, New York

BARRON'S

FOREIGN LANGUAGE GUIDES

0

GERMAN

VERBS

7_9393_501German_FM1 8/28/07 3:31 PM Page i

© Copyright 2008, 1998 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. Prior editions © Copyright 1990, 1972 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc.

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any

form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the copyright owner.

All inquiries should be addressed to:

Barron's Educational Series, Inc.

250 Wireless Boulevard

Hauppauge, New York 11788

www.barronseduc.com

ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-9393-4

ISBN-10: 0-7641-9393-7

Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 2007011978

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Strutz, Henry.

501 German verbs : fully conjugated in all the tenses in a new, easy-to-learn

format, alphabetically arranged / by Henry Strutz. - 4th ed. p. cm. (Barron's foreign language guides)

Includes index.

ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-9393-4 (alk. paper)

ISBN-10: 0-7641-9393-7 (alk. paper)

1. German language - Verb - Tables. I. Title. II. Title: Five hundred one

German verbs.

PF3271.S855 2008

438.2'421 - dc22 2007011978

PRINTED IN CANADA

987654321

7_9393_501German_FM1 8/28/07 3:31 PM Page ii

Forewordiv

Pronunciation1

Tenses and Moods in German, with English Equivalents4

Sample English Verb Conjugation5

Sample German Verb Conjugation6

Sample English Verb Conjugation - Passive Voice7

Sample German Verb Conjugation - Passive Voice8

Weak and Strong Verbs9

Special Verb Uses15

Some Pointers on the Use of Tenses19

The Subjunctive Mood24

Verbs with a Dative Object27

Subject Pronouns and Verb Forms in the Imperative Mood28

Essential 55 Verb List29

Alphabetical Listing of 501 German Verbs Fully Conjugated in All the Tenses 31

Appendixes 607

Prefix Verbs609

Word Order612

Verb Drills and Tests with Answers Explained614

Weather Expressions and Impersonal Verbs675

Proverbs and Idiomatic Expressions677

English-German Verb Index680

German-English Verb Index686

Index of Verb Forms Identified by Infinitive692

Contents

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Foreword

The verb is a very important part of speech; it denotes action or state of being. The noted American historian and poet, Carl Sandburg, once declared that the Civil War was fought over a verb, namely, whether it was correct to say ÒThe

United States

is

Ó or ÒThe United States

are For each of the 501 verbs listed in this book, the student will find the principal parts of each verb at the top of the page. The principal parts consist of:

1.the Infinitive

2.the third person singular of the Past Tense

3.the Past Participle (preceded by istfor seinverbs)

4.the third person singular of the Present Tense

EXAMPLE:ENGLISH: to speak, spoke, spoken, speaks

G

ERMAN:sprechen, sprach,gesprochen,spricht

These are the basic forms of the verb and should be memorized, especiall y in the case of the irregular or strong verbs, that is verbs which change th e stem vowel of the Infinitive to form the Past Tense and whose Past Participle ends in en . More than one-half of the verbs in this book are strong or irregular v erbs. Weak or regular verbs do not change the stem vowel of the Infinitive to f orm the Past Tense but merely add the ending te(plus personal endings in the second person singular and the three persons of the plural). Past Participles of weak verbs end in t.

EXAMPLE:ENGLISH: to play, played, played, plays

G

ERMAN:spielen, spielte, gespielt, spielt

Both English and German have strong and weak verbs. With the exception of a small group of verbs called irregular weak verbs (in some texts called mixed verbs or ÒhybridsÓÑsee index), verbs i n German are either weak or strong. The strong or irregular verbs are not as difficult to learn as it might seem, if it is remembered that most of them can be classified i nto seven major groups. For example, the verbs bleiben, leihen, meiden, preisen, reiben, scheiden , scheinen, schreien, schweigen, steigen, treiben, verzeihen, weisen all follow the same pattern as schreibenin their principal parts: schreiben , schrieb, geschrieben, schreibt There are six other major groupings (the ÒAblautsreihenÓ) of the strong verbs with which you should familiarize yourself. You will then agree that the English author, H. H. Munro (Saki), exaggerated the difficulty of German verbs when, in his story ÒTobermory,Ó he told of a professor who had to flee England after a cat, which he had trained to talk, compromised the weekend guests at an Engli sh manor house by revealing their secrets which it (the cat) had overheard. A few weeks thereafter, the newspapers reported that the professor had been found dead in the Dresden Zoo in Germany. Upon hearing this news, one of the guests, who had been embarrassed by the activities of the professor and his remarkab le cat, iv

7_9393_501German_FM1 8/28/07 3:31 PM Page iv

v commented that it served the professor right if he was trying to teach t he poor animals those horrible German irregular verbs. Below the principal parts, you will find the Imperative or Command Form.

Since there are three ways of saying

youin German (du, ihr,and Sie), there are thus three ways of giving commands to people. The first form of the Imperative is the duor familiar singular form which ends in ein most cases, although this eis frequently dropped in colloquial speech. The second form is the ihror Familiar Plural Imperative. It is exactly the same as the ihrform (second person plural) of the Present Tense. The polite or

SieImperative (called in some texts the

Conventional or Formal Imperative) is simply the infinitive plus Sie, except for the imperative of sein , which is seien Sie! The fully conjugated forms of the six tenses of the Indicative will be f ound on the left-hand side of each page. These six tenses state a fact, or, in their interroga- tive (question) form, ask a question about a fact. You should refer to a grammar for more detailed information concerning the use of these tenses: the id iomatic use of the Present for the Future; the use of the Present Perfect in col loquial speech and in non-connected narratives where English uses the past; the

Future

and Future Perfect used idiomatically to express probability; the very i mportant matter of seinand intransitive verbs. See also ÒSpecial Verb Uses,Ó page 15. The right-hand side of each page is devoted to the tenses of the Subjunc tive mood, which is used to denote unreality, possibility, doubt in the mind of the speaker. For information concerning the use of the Subjunctive (indirect disco urse; the use of the Past Subjunctive or Present Subjunctive II for the Condit ional), you should also consult a grammar and ÒThe Subjunctive Mood,Ó page 24. There are four ÒTimesÓ in the Subjunctive: Present, Past, Future, and Future Perfect time. Each of the ÒTimesÓ has a primary and secondary form (indicated by I and II in many grammars). This more recent classification of the forms of the Subjunctive corresponds better to its actual use. However, since some grammars still use the traditional names for the tenses of the Subjunctive (whic h parallel the names for the tenses of the Indicative), they have been given in parent heses. The form ginge, for example, may be called the Imperfect or Past Subjunctive of gehenin some books. In most grammars published today, however, it will be called the Present Subjunctive Secondary (II) or General Subjunctive.

The student

will find gingelisted in this book under Subjunctive, Present Time, Secondary. The alternate designation Imperfect Subjunctive is also given in parenth eses.

The Present Participle of the verb (that is,

dancingdolls, flyingsaucers, singing dogs) has been omitted, since in almost all cases it merely adds a dto the infini- tive. The student should remember that the Present Participle is used only adj ecti- vally (as in the above examples) or adverbially. Verbal nouns are expressed in

German by the infinitive:

das Tanzen dancing ; das FliegenÑflying; das

Singen

singing German verbs can often be combined with prefixes. The matter of prefixes is of great importance. The index therefore devotes considerable attention to them, although, of necessity, it is by no means complete in its listings of verbs which can be combined with prefixes. There are three groups of prefixes: the separable, inseparable, and doubtful prefixes.

7_9393_501German_FM1 8/28/07 3:31 PM Page v

vi This new edition of 501 GERMAN VERBS has many features that should be very useful to you in studying German. The new sections ÒPrefix VerbsÓ (page

609) and ÒWord OrderÓ (page 612) will help you to understand and master diffi-

cult areas. In addition, you now have a 55-page practice section (ÒV erb Drills and Tests with Answers Explained,Ó page 614) that provides hands-on instruction in correct verb usage. This new edition features a listing of 55 essential verbs. For many of t hose verbs, a sampling of major related prefix verbs is also given, along wit h sen- tences illustrating their meaning. Separable prefix verbs are listed fir st, followed by inseparable prefix verbs. A few verbs have a separable and an inseparable prefix verb that are written similarly, though pronounced differently. See the dis- cussion of doubtful prefixes on page 610. Understanding prefix verbs, th eir rela- tionship to the main verb, and formal differences in using them is a difficult yet extremely important topic in studying German and essential for vocabular y building. Prefixes often express shades of meaning of the basic verb and can make that meaning more precise. In addition to those cited, many other v erbs have prefix verbs related to them. By studying the examples given, you w ill gain insight into how prefix verbs work in general. Because this book is a quick reference source for the completely conjuga ted forms of German verbs, it should assist you considerably in learning and using

German verbs.

Henry Strutz

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Pronunciation1

Pronunciation

quotesdbs_dbs4.pdfusesText_7

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