The Canadian Pacific Railway
national dream. The railway was not easy to build as the workers faced many challenges
CHINESE LABOUR ON THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY
The western portion of the railway (built 1881-1885) was designed to link British. Columbia with the rest of the country and improve trade and commerce between
Tracks Tunnels and Trestles: An Environmental History of the
The construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was not a conquest of problems as the roadbed and tunnels had to be carved out of canyon cliffs ...
Geotechnical Challenges During the Construction of Denison Road
Both the Metrolinx Bridge and CP Rail Bridge are three-span 45-metre long structures with 1.5-metre thick reinforced concrete decks. The bridges carry four
Policy Plan Central Waterfront Hub Framework
9.1.1 Structural / Construction Challenges. 39. 9. 1. 1. 1 Impacts on Capacity of CPR Rail Yard. 39. 9.1.1.2 Minimizing Impacts on Transit Services During
PwC France
1 déc. 2020 The coronavirus pandemic delayed the testing of Ariane 6's solid-rocket- booster (P120) and the construction of the launch pad (ELA-4) and ...
The Construction Workers Strike on the Canadian Pacific Railway
and spring of 1877 full of high hopes and energetic plans to set the work in train. A whole host of problems beset him. Government surveyors still had not.
Canadian Pacific Railway and War
And when Canada the. British Empire
Emissions Trading Schemes and their Linking - Challenges and
Emissions Trading Systems in Asia and the Pacific. 6. 2 Existing Emissions Trading Systems—Theory and Practice. 8. Theory—Building Blocks of Emissions
Transnational Corporations and the Infrastructure Challenge
11 déc. 2008 the Infrastructure Challenge ... countries through concession agreements (such as build- ... Canadian Pacific Railway.
Images
omniscient perspective on the building of the railway (that of historians with vague reference to the priorities of Canadian and British political interest) but it also incorporates A2 3 in the study of maps as well as A3 1 in the examination of factors that led to the decision to build the CPR
Building the Trans Canada Railroad - VCN
The Canadian Pacific Railway was built by roughly 15000 Chinese workers who faced many trials For instance some of their hardships were grizzly bears forest fires and huge impenetrable forests The Chinese workers were employed to build the B C segment of the railway through the most dangerous and challenging terrain
Building the Trans Canada Railroad - VCN
The Canadian government was happy as they no longer had to worry that BC would become part of the U S To help fund the building of the railroad Macdonald found a private group called the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) to be a partner The estimated cost for building the line was $100000000
Developing Business
During construction, the CPR became involved in the sale and settlement of land (1881), the acquisition of the Dominion Express Company (1882) and the acceptance of commercial telegraph messages (1882). The company provided its own sleeping and dining cars on trains and constructed tourist hotels (e.g., at Lake Louise, Alberta) and dining halls alo...
Hotels
By 1900, the mountain hotel system had expanded into the major cities, led by the Hotel Vancouver (1887), Québec's Château Frontenac (1893) and Montreal's Place Viger (1898) ( see Hotel; Tourism). Other services expanded simultaneously. A line was opened (1889) across northern Maine from Montréal to Saint John, giving the CPR direct access to an al...
Rail Construction
Attempts to capture traffic from the western American states were made with the construction of a line to North Dakota (1893) and the eventual consolidation of what is now the Soo Line Railroad Company in the United States. Branch lines were greatly extended to feed traffic to the East-West main line. Rapid settlement followed construction of branc...
Mining
Expansion into the Kootenay mining region of southern British Columbia (1898) involved the acquisition of a railway charter that included a smelter at Trail, BC. This was the nucleus of the CPR's involvement in mining and metallurgy, formalized by the formation of Cominco Limited in 1906, a CP-controlled company (in 2001, Cominco was acquired by Te...
Fleet
The CPR’s Pacific fleet was improved and, in 1903, the company purchased the Beaver Line shipping company and opened service in the North Atlantic. In 1909, CPR purchased the long-established Allan Line, and formed Canadian Pacific Ocean Services in 1914–5. After 1921, it became known as Canadian Pacific Steamships Limited.
Expansion and Competition
Between 1899 and 1913, the CPR increased its trackage from approximately 11,200 km to 17,600 km. More than half of the new track was in the Prairie provinces, and it was intended both to provide branch lines into areas of need and to ensure that the CPR would remain competitive in relation to the developing transcontinental lines of the Canadian No...
Second World War
Despite this massive, government-supported competition, CPR survived as a commercial enterprise. During the Second World War it provided not only transportation, but also the production of armaments and materiel in its own shops. During the conflict, much of its merchant fleet was commandeered for military transport purposes, resulting in the loss ...
Airlines
Canadian Pacific Air Lines (later CP Air) was organized in 1942 with the purchase of Grant McConachie's Yukon Southern Air Transport and numerous other flying concerns. After 1947, under McConachie's leadership, CPA developed into an international carrier serving the Far East, Australasia, most of South America and several European countries (see A...
Diversification
Until the late 1950s, CP's diverse interests were looked upon as ancillary to the rail system. Beginning around this time, management embraced a policy of full diversification by making each operation fully self-supporting. Thus, operations that had been handled by specific departments in the railway corporate structure were set up as enterprises i...
How much did it cost to build the Canadian Pacific Railway?
The Canadian government was happy as they no longer had to worry that BC would become part of the U.S. To help fund the building of the railroad, Macdonald found a private group called the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) to be a partner. The estimated cost for building the line was $100,000,000.
What were the problems with the Canadian Pacific Railway?
One problem with the railroad was that they did not predict that the cost to build the railroad would be so high in some places. It was John A. Macdonald intention to create a railroad connecting and Helping Canada. Sir John A. Macdonald found a private company called “Canadian Pacific Railway” (CPR).
What did the Canadian National Railway do?
Canadian National Railway (CNR), formed by the government of Canada between 1917 and 1923, was a major challenge for the CPR. The CNR consolidated the failing Grand Trunk Pacific, Canadian Northern, Intercolonial and Canadian Government Railways .
How many Chinese workers worked on the Canadian Pacific Railway?
Upward of 15,000 Chinese labourers helped to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. Working in harsh conditions for little pay, these workers suffered greatly and historians estimate that at least 600 died working on the railway.
Canadian
Pacific
Railway
and War To those who fall, I say: "You will not die, but step into immortality." Arthur Currie, Lieutenant-General, Canadian Army Corps (March 27, 1918) 2 W hen conflict reaches an ultimate impasse...war is the tragic result.And when Canada, the
British Empire, and even the
United States of America, were
embroiled in such conflictCanadian Pacific Railway (CPR)
was there from the get-go... contributing to the war efforts inNorth America and overseas.
Not content to be just an
economic and political tool linking Canada's east and west,CPR was also a major Canadian,
North American and world
strategic weapon.CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY AND WARJonathan B. Hanna
Corporate Historian
Canadian Pacific Railway
Ref. NS.3003Ref. NS.8135Ref. WAR.80.0Ref. NS.4760Ref. A.20173Ref. NS.11220Ref. A.15505Ref. NS.3663
3CPR AND THE RIEL REBELLION?
CPR was not just an economic
and political tool to linkCanada's east and west in the
1880s. CPR was also a major
Canadian strategic weapon. As
strange as it may sound, CPR actually served to keep Americans and their "manifest destiny" at bay below the 49 th parallel. There was a definite move afoot in 19 thCentury
United States of America to push
the western international border between Canada and the US northward. In the first half of the century, cries of "54-40 or fight" rang out in the US - in a bid to push the boundary as far north as54 degrees, 40 minutes of latitude
in the northern hemisphere. The arrival of the CPR established a presence in the Canadian West.CPR linked British Columbia with
Central and Eastern Canada,
putting an end to all this talk.Aside from strategic benefits, CPR actually helped quash an armed insurrection at home on theCanadian Prairies.
Trouble started brewing soon after
Canada was formed, July 1, 1867.
The Hudson's Bay Company (Hbc)
sold a huge tract of land it owned in the Canadian northwest to theCanadian government. In 1869,
Hbc sold the 1.5-million-square-
mile Rupert's Land to the federal government for $1.5 million. This was almost twice the size of theUS's Louisiana Purchase at only
one-tenth the cost. The feds were happy with their purchase from "The Bay." The natives and Métis(half native and half French-Canadian or Scottish-Canadian)
were not. After all this was really their land that was trading hands so quickly, easily and cheaply. So the natives worked on setting up reserves. And Métis leader LouisRiel set up a whole province -
Manitoba. Not as big as today's
Manitoba, provincial status came
nevertheless to the province onJuly 15, 1870...only after a bitter
Riel-led insurrection. Riel's
mistake was he decided to execute upstart Ontario Orangeman andRed River settler, Thomas Scott.
After Scott was shot, Riel managed
to sneak off un-prosecuted and take refuge in the US. But, in the1880s, civilization, and now the
CPR, again threatened the Métis'
way of life. So Riel was back by invitation in Canada's northwest to "deliver his people."Canadian militia, en route to quash the
"Riel Rebellion", travel in relative comfort on a CPR day coach.Ref. Canadian Pacific Railway Archives.
A.4253
4 CANADIAN PACIFIC AND THE BOER WAR: STRATHCONA'S HORSE One of the 400 "rough riders" Lord Strathcona recruited in 1900 to go overseas and fight in the "Boer War".Ref. Canadian Pacific Railway Archives. NS.11964
But this time his rebellion
backfired. The CPR, epitomizing eastern encroachment, helped quash the rebellion and save the day...and it saved the CPR too.CPR was on the brink of
bankruptcy in 1885. Half a year before the last spike was driven,Louis Riel teamed up with
Gabriel Dumont, Poundmaker
and Big Bear, and waged a bloody battle at Duck Lake, onMarch 26, 1885. His actions
proved the national security benefit of the CPR. CPR came to the rescue with logistical finesse, transporting troops from the east over its nearly completed main line, to the western hot spots. The 1885 rebellion was quelled in a matter of weeks. Whereas, back in 1870, it took Colonel Wolseley three months just to get his troops toManitoba.
I n 1899, Canada got involved in its first overseas conflict.For the first time since becoming
a nation, Canada was involved in a conflict outside North America.It sent volunteers and troops to
South Africa to fight in the South
African War - more commonly
known as the Boer War (1899 -1902). Great Britain was in
conflict with the two Afrikaner republics of South Africa (orTransvaal) and the Orange Free
State. Canadians were already
split on whom to back. The government and much of English Canada backed the Brits.French Canadian nationalists, led by Henri Bourassa, saw growing British imperialism as a threat and backed theAfrikaners (or Boers). Wilfrid
Laurier's government
reluctantly raised an initial contingent of 1,000 infantrymen to fight in the war.But British reversals of fortune,
injuries and casualties called onCanada to ante up a further
6,000 volunteers. And then a
third contingent of 1,000 was sent to replace the Halifax reserves that were overseas.Canada's total wartime bill for
all this? $2,830,965.This clearly was not enough for
the Dominion of Canada - a loyal member of the BritishEmpire. So CPR's senior
director, driver of the last spike and, at that time, Canadian HighCommissioner to London,
Donald Smith a.k.a. Lord
Strathcona and Mont Royal, had
an idea. He would raise, equip and fund...with his own money...a mounted cavalry to send off to South Africa to fight in the war. On New Year's Eve, the day before 1899 became1900, Lord Strathcona sent a
telegram to Prime MinisterWilfrid Laurier:
"Very confidential. Should like to provide and send to SouthAfrica my personal fund
squadron mounted men and officers say four hundred men and horses from North West, single men if possible. Force will be Canadian but distinct A statue commemorating "Strathcona's Horse" erected in Montreal's Dominion Square.Ref. Canadian Pacific Railway Archives. NS.10220
5CANADIAN PACIFIC AND WORLD WAR I?
from Government contingent. Men must be expert marksmen, at home in saddle, and efficient as rough riders and rangers. I propose pay cost shipment similar that ofCanadian contingent and transport
if you approve proposal."Laurier accepted immediately. And
the contingent, though Strathcona wanted to remain anonymous, was called "Strathcona's Horse." Men and horses were recruited inWinnipeg, went east on CPR trains
- the men in CPR tourist cars and the horses in CPR "palace horse cars" - and then overseas on a future CPR ship: the Monterey. The highly trained double squadron of400 men and horses fought with
distinction, under fabled Canadian hero Sam Steele, and returned home highly decorated - the decorated survivors traveling onCPR's Imperial Limited
transcontinental train. One member, Sergeant ArthurRichardson, was awarded the
coveted Victoria Cross.And what was the CPR director's
personal tab for Strathcona's Horse?Over $1 million...a huge sum in
those days! O riginally called the Great War,World War I was "great" only
for the great number of nations, people and resources involved - and, alas, the great number of casualties that resulted. Canada and Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) were very much involved inthis world conflict. When all wasover, and the Armistice was signed,on November 11, 1918, a total of 32nations had fought on both sidesof the conflict, mobilizing over 65million soldiers. A mind-numbing8.5 million souls died as a result.Canada's share was an awesome60,000. And CPR's was anappalling 1,116.
CPR put the entire resources of the
"world's greatest travel system" at the empire's disposal...this, during CPR's heyday, when the railway was much more than just a railway. Not only were the railway's trains and tracks at the BritishEmpire's disposal, but also its
ships, shops, hotels, telegraphs, and, above all, its people.Top: CPR troop train near Golden, B.C.
1916. Ref. Canadian Pacific Railway
Archives. NS.3269
Bottom: Requisitioned CPR ships in their
bizarre World War I camouflage paint.Ref. Canadian Pacific Railway Archives.
NS.25229
6Aiding the war effort meant
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