[PDF] Grammar 14 The conjugation of irregular

View - Download Grammar

Previous PDF

Next PDF

Grammar

edizioni Edilingua page 1

The alphabet and pronunciation 206

2

Nouns 206

1. Singular nouns

2. Masculine and feminine nouns

3. Plural nouns

3

The article 208

1. The indefinite article

2. The definite article

3. The partitive article4 Possessive adjectives 208

5

Adjectives 209

1. Adjective agreement

2. Comparative adjectives

6

Personal pronouns 210

1. Personal subject pronouns

2. Stressed (emphatic) personal object pronouns

3. Direct object pronouns

7

Ne and Ci 2111. Ne

2. Ci 8

Verbs 1 The present tense 212

1. The verbs essere and avere

2. Regular -

are verbs

3. Regular -

ere verbs

4. Regular -

ire verbs

5. Irregular verbs

6. Modal verbs

7. Reflexive verbs

8. Constructions with

si 2 The perfect tense 214

1. The perfect tense

2. The perfect tense of reflexive verbs

9

Prepositions 1 Prepositions 215

2 Prepositions + definite article

215

3 Other prepositions of place 216

10

Adverbs 1 Adverbs ending in -mente 216

11

Sentences 1 Affirmative sentences 216

2 216

3 Questions 217

12

Numbers 218

13

The time 218

14

The conjugation of irregular verbs 219

duecentocinque

Grammar

U1 / p. 13; U2 / p. 21; U3 / p. 29; U4 / p. 36, 37; U5 / p. 47 In Italian nouns do not normally begin with a capital letter. Capital letters are used for people's names, cities, countries, etc. casa - signore

Marco - Cinzia

Italia - Verona

2

Nouns I sostantivi

1

The alphabet and pronunciation

The letters of the Italian alphabet (Le lettere dell'alfabeto italiano)

The letters

j, k, w, x and y are only found in foreign words or proper names: il jazz il taxi un whisky uno yogurt.

Pronunciation:

The Italian language does use double consonants.

These can change the meaning of a word.

In Italian, an accent mark is required only when the stress falls on the last syllable of a word. A grave accent ( ` ) is always used over the vowels a , i, o, u, whereas both a grave accent ( ` ) and an acute accent ( ´ ) are used over the vowel e. The e is open if the accent is grave, but it is close if the accent is acute. In some one syllable words, the presence of an accent mark determines the meaning. c/g + a/o/u [k] / [g] casa - parco - gonna - bagaglio c/g + e/i [tS] / [dZ] cellulare - municipio - gelato - vigile ch/gh + e/i [k] / [g] chiave - zucchero - traghetto sc/sg + a/io/u [sk] / [sg] scarpa - biscotto sc/sg + e/i [S] / [sdZ] sciroppo - ascensore sch/sgh + e/i [sk] / [sg] schiuma - pescheriagl + i [¥i] maglione - moglie gn [N] gnocchi - montagna q + u + a/e/i/o [ku] quadro - acqua s unvoiced [s] sale - borsa s voiced [z] casa v [v] vaso - uva h is not pronounced hotel - ho città - martedì - però - menù ca≠è - perché la (the feminine article 'the') - là (the adverb of place 'there') e (meaning 'and') - è (the third person singular of the verb essere , meaning 'is') si (pronoun) - sì (the affirmation 'yes') A [a] B [bi] C [tSi] D [di] E [e] F [Effe]G [dZi] H [ak-ka] I [i] L [El-le] M [Em-me] N [En-ne]O [O] P [pi] Q [ku] R [Er-re] S [Es-se] T [ti]U [u] V [vu/vi] Z [dzE:ta]J [i luNga] K [kap-pa] W [dop-pja vu/vi] X [iks] Y [ipsilon] una giacca rossa una camicia rosa duecentosei

Grammar

edizioni Edilingua

1. Singular nouns U2 / p. 20

Italian nouns can be either masculine or feminine.

Generally, nouns ending in -

o are masculine ( il gelato il tavolo ) and those ending in - a are feminine ( l'arancia, la sedia

Nouns ending in -e can be either masculine or feminine (il cellulare is masculine, la chiave is feminine).

A few nouns ending in -

a are masculine ( il cinema il problema ) and a few ending in - o are feminine ( la foto la mano Nouns that end in a consonant are almost always masculine: il computer , il bar, il gossip. Very few are feminine: l'e-mail, la beauty farm

2. Masculine and feminine nouns U3 / p. 27

Most nouns for people and professions have

both a masculine and a feminine form: il signore - la signora il professore - la professoressa.

Some nouns have only one form regardless of

whether the person represented is male or fema le. In such cases the article that precedes the noun, for example, will indicate the gender. The names of some professions only have a masculine form: un medico un ingegnere un architetto

3. Plural nouns U4 / p. 34

Masculine nouns, in the plural, normally end in

i :Feminine nouns ending in -a end in -e in the plural, while femi- nine nouns ending in -e end in -i in the plural: The following are invariable and do not change in the plural:

Foreign nouns;

Nouns with an accent on the last letter;

Abbreviated nouns: la foto(grafia) - le foto(grafie); il cinema(tografo) - i cinema(tografi).

Nouns with unusual plural endings:

Nouns ending in -ca and -ga add an -h- before the plural ending in order to preserve the [k] and [g] sounds: l'amica - le

amic h e; il collega - i colleg h i

Nouns ending in -co and -go add an -h- before the plural ending in order to preserve the [k] and [g] sounds:

il parco - i parchi; l'albergo - gli alberghi. However, if the stress falls on the third from last syllable, the plural ends in -ci / -gi:

il medico i medi ci

An important exception: l'amico - gli amici

Nouns ending in -io drop the final -o so that the plural ends in -i: il negozio - i negozi. If the -i- is stressed, the -o stays and

changes to - i so that the plural ends in - ii lo z io gli z ii

Nouns ending in -cia and -gia, when the letter directly before this ending is a consonant, end in -ce and -ge in the plural

l'aran

cia - le arance). If the letter directly before the ending is a vowel, the plurals end in -cie and -gie (la valigia - le valigie).

singular plural libro libri cellulare cellulari problem a problem i singular plural sedi a sedi e chiave chiavi nouns ending in o a il segretario la segretaria nouns ending in -e/-a il cameriere la cameriera nouns ending in - ista il dentista la dentista nouns ending in - ante il cantante la cantante nouns ending in -ente l'assistente l'assistente nouns ending in - tore /-trice il direttore la direttrice nouns ending in - ore oressa il professore la professoressa

Laura è medico

duecentosettequotesdbs_dbs14.pdfusesText_20

[PDF] italian restaurant palm desert cook street

[PDF] italian restaurants indian wells

[PDF] italian verb conjugation rules

[PDF] italian verb conjugation table

[PDF] italian verbs list with english translation

[PDF] italiano avanzato per stranieri pdf

[PDF] italiano facile

[PDF] italiano per bambini stranieri materiale didattico pdf

[PDF] italiano per bambini stranieri pdf

[PDF] italiano per stranieri materiale didattico pdf

[PDF] italiano per stranieri pdf gratis

[PDF] italien facile conjugaison futur

[PDF] italien facile futur proche

[PDF] italy broadband coverage

[PDF] italy 5g rollout