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Note that the connection timeout will result in a apache http conn ConnectTimeoutException being thrown while socket timeout will result in a java net

  • How to get HttpClient in Java?

    Apache HttpClient
    Now on its 5th major version, it's probably still the most commonly used client outside of Java's core libraries. The Apache client is rich in features and configuration options, although at the time of writing HTTP/2 is only supported in the 5.1 beta release.

  • Which is the best HttpClient for Java?

    Using Java HttpClient
    Next, we create HttpRequest by providing the URI, and HTTP GET method type. Then we invoke the request by attaching a BodyHandler, which returns a BodySubscriber of InputStream type. Finally, we use the input stream from the HttpResponse and use File#copy() method to write it to a Path on disk.

  • How to download a file using HttpClient in Java?

    An HTTP Client. An HttpClient can be used to send requests and retrieve their responses. An HttpClient is created through a builder . The builder can be used to configure per-client state, like: the preferred protocol version ( HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2 ), whether to follow redirects, a proxy, an authenticator, etc.

Java11HTTPClient

SafeHarborStatement

2

1. RoadtotheJava11HTTPClient2. APIIntroduction3. Handlingrequest/responsedataJava11HTTPClient

The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again.

1. Whyarewedoingthis?2. Howlongdoesittake?3. Whatarethebenefits?RoadtotheJava11HTTPClient

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

TheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract.

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

TheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract.

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

TheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract.

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

TheexistingHttpURLConnectionAPIanditsimplementationhavenumerousproblems:• ThebaseURLConnectionAPIwasdesignedwithmultipleprotocolsinmind,muchofwhicharenowdefunct(ftp,gopher,etc.).• TheAPIpredatesHTTP/1.1andistooabstract• Itishardtouse,andhasmanyundocumentedbehaviors• Itworksinblockingmodeonly(i.e.,onethreadperrequest/response).

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

MotivationfromJEP110

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• JEP110wasintegratedinJDK9.• JDK9shippedSep2017• "IncubatingFeature"• Modulejdk.incubator.httpclient• Packagejdk.incubator.http• Class jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• JEP110wasintegratedinJDK9.• JDK9shippedSep2017• "IncubatingFeature"• Modulejdk.incubator.httpclient• Packagejdk.incubator.http• Class jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient

Incubation

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• JEP110wasintegratedinJDK9.• JDK9shippedSep2017• "IncubatingFeature"• Modulejdk.incubator.httpclient• Packagejdk.incubator.http• Class jdk.incubator.http.HttpClient• RefreshedinJDK10• Improvedandmorerobustimplementation• APIchanges,developerfeedbackandadditionalexperience

Standardization

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• StandardizedinJava11,JEP321• Modulejava.net.http• Packagejava.net.http• Class java.net.http.HttpClient• IncubatingversioncompletelyREMOVED

Standardization

DEMO

Benefits

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

JEP110Goals:• SupportHTTP/2• ProvideAsynchronousAPI• ModernizedAPI(usingnewerJavaAPIsandlanguagefeatures)• SupportWebSockethandshake• ...

Benefits:HTTP/2• HeaderCompression.HTTP/2usesHPACKcompression,whichreducesoverhead.• SingleConnectiontotheserver,reducesthenumberofroundtripsneededtosetupmultipleTCPconnections.• Multiplexing.Multiplerequestsareallowedatthesametime,onthesameconnection.• ServerPush.Additionalfutureneededresourcescanbesenttoaclient.• Binaryformat.Morecompact.

Benefits:HTTP/2VersionsupportintheJavaHTTPClient:• HTTP/1.1andHTTP/2• PrefersHTTP/2,bydefault• TriestoUpgradecleartextrequests• Triestonegotiateh2intheALPNforHTTPoverTLS(TLS1.3support,leveragesfromJDK11)

Benefits:Modernization• AsynchronousAPI

• java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture • Followsfamiliarbuilderstyle• Immutabletypes• Reactive-Streamsbasedbodyprocessing • java.util.concurrent.Flow.[Subscriber|Publisher]

1. WheretofindtheAPI?2. Howtosendarequest?3. Howtohandlerequest/responsebody?IntroductiontotheJava11HTTPClient

TheJavaHTTPClient

*JEP-JDKEnhancement-Proposal

• StandardizedinJava11,JEP321• Modulejava.net.http• Packagejava.net.http• Class java.net.http.HttpClient• PartoftheJavaSEPlatform• ClassesandtypesarevisiblejustlikeanyothersJavaSE• Modularapplicationcodeshould`requirejava.net.http`

HttpClientTosendarequest,firstcreateanHttpClientfromitsbuilder.Thebuildercanbeusedtoconfigureper-clientstate,like:• Thepreferredprotocolversion(HTTP/1.1orHTTP/2)• Whethertofollowredirects• Aproxy• Anauthenticator• Aconnecttimeout• ...

HttpClient

HttpClient client = HttpClient.newBuilder()

.version(Version.HTTP_2) .followRedirects(Redirect.NORMAL) .proxy(ProxySelector.of(new InetSocketAddress("proxy",80))) .connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(20)) .build();

HttpRequestAnHttpRequestiscreatedfromitsbuilder.Therequestbuildercanbeusedtoset:• therequestURI• therequestmethod(GET,PUT,POST)• therequestbody(ifany)• arequesttimeout• requestheaders

HttpRequest

HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()

.timeout(Duration.ofMinutes(1)) .header("Content-Type", "application/json") .build() • OncebuiltanHttpRequestisimmutable,andcanbesentmultipletimes.

HttpResponse

interface HttpResponse { int statusCode(); HttpHeaders headers(); T body(); Version version(); HttpRequest request(); ...}

• AnHttpResponseisnotcreateddirectly,butratherreturnedasaresultofsendinganHttpRequest.

SynchronousorAsynchronous• Requestscanbesenteithersynchronouslyorasynchronously.• ThesynchronousAPI,asexpected,blocksuntiltheHttpResponse<#Body_Type#> isavailable.• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsa

Synchronous

HttpResponse response = client.send(request, BodyHandlers.ofString());

System.out.println(response.body());

• BodyHandlers.ofString()isafactorythatcreatesbodyhandlerthataccumulatestheresponsebodybytesandreturnsthemasaString.

Asynchronous

client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);

• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.

Asynchronous

client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);

• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.

Asynchronous

client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);

• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.

Asynchronous

client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString()) .thenApply(response -> { System.out.println(response.statusCode()); return response; } ) .thenApply(HttpResponse::body) .thenAccept(System.out::println);

• TheasynchronousAPIreturnsimmediatelywithaCompletableFuturethatcompleteswiththeHttpResponsewhenitbecomesavailable.CompletableFuturewasaddedinJava8andsupportscomposableasynchronousprogramming.

Dataasreactive-streams• Therequestandresponsebodiesareexposedasreactivestreams(asynchronousstreamsofdatawithnon-blockingbackpressure.)• TheHttpClientiseffectivelyaSubscriberofrequestbodyandaPublisherofresponsebodybytes.

ClassicProducer-Consumer

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Dataasreactive-streams• Therequestandresponsebodiesareexposedasreactivestreams(asynchronousstreamsofdatawithnon-blockingbackpressure.)• TheHttpClientiseffectivelyaSubscriberofrequestbodyandaPublisherofresponsebodybytes.• TheBodyHandlerinterfaceallowsinspectionoftheresponsecodeandheaders,beforetheactualresponsebodyisreceived,andisresponsibleforcreatingtheresponseBodySubscriber.

HttpRequest.BodyPublisher

class HttpRequest { ... interface BodyPublisher extends Flow.Publisher { long contentLength(); }}

• convertshigh-levelJavaobjectsintoaflowofbytebufferssuitableforsendingasarequestbody

• BodyPubishers::ofByteArray(byte[])• BodyPubishers::ofByteArrays(Iterable)• BodyPubishers::ofFile(Path)• BodyPubishers::ofString(String)• BodyPubishers::ofInputStream(Supplier)• ...

HttpResponse.BodyHandler

class HttpResponse { ... interface ResponseInfo { int statusCode(); HttpHeaders headers(); ... } interface BodyHandler { BodySubscriber apply(ResponseInfo); }}

• Allowsinspectionoftheresponsecodeandheaders,beforetheactualresponsebodyisreceived• ResponsibleforcreatingtheresponseBodySubscriber.

HttpResponse.BodySubscriber

class HttpResponse { ... interface BodySubscriber extends Flow.Subscriber> { CompletionStage getBody(); }}

• consumesresponsebodybytesandconvertsthemintoahigher-levelJavatype.

• BodyHandlers::ofByteArray()• BodyHandlers::ofFile()• BodyHandlers::ofString()• BodyHandlers::ofInputStream()• BodyHandlers::replacing(U replacementValue)• BodyHandlers::discarding()• BodyHandlers::buffering(...)• ...

Puttingitalltogether

someexamples...

SynchronousGetResponsebodyasaString

AsynchronousGetResponsebodyasaString

AsynchronousGetResponsebodyasaFile

1. HowtowriteacustomresponseBodySubscriber.2. Interoperabilitywithotherreactivestreamsimplementations.Handlingresponsedata

WritingacustomresponseBodySubscriber

demo

Interoperabilitywithreactivestreams

• HttpResponse• BodySubscribers::fromSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber)• BodySubscribers::fromSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber, Function finisher)• BodySubscribers::fromLineSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber)• BodySubscribers::fromLineSubscriber(Flow.Subscriber Function finisher)• BodySubscribers::ofPublisher()• HttpRequest• BodyPublishers::fromPublisher(Flow.Publisher)• BodyPublishers::fromPublisher(Flow.Publisher, long cl)

Summary

TheHTTPClient• ReplacementfortheURLConnectionAPI• IncubatedinJDK9;RefreshedinJDK10;StandardizedinJava11• CodeusingtheincubatedversionwillneedtobeupdatedalittleforJava11(jdk.incubator.http -> java.net.http )• SmallcompactAPI• UsesmodernJavalanguageandAPIfeatures,• Generics,lambdas,CompletableFuture,Reactive-streams• LearnedabouthowreactivestreamsareusedbytheHTTPClient• Interoperabilitywithexistingreactivestreamsimplementations

NextSteps

• Downloadnow:www.oracle.com/javadownload• JointheOpenJDK:openjdk.java.net• FollowusonTwitter:@OpenJDK,#Java11,oratmytwitterhandle@chegar999

Openandpredictable

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