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2023

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

F

ACTS AND FIGURES

SPECIAL REPORT

THE PATIENT JOURNEY IN

AN ERA OF NEW TREATMENTS

cAlzheimer's Association. 2023 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimers Dement 2023;19(4). DOI 10.1002/alz.13016.

About this report

2023 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures is a statistical

resource for U.S. data related to Alzheimer's disease, the most common cause of dementia. Background and context for interpretation of the data are contained in the Overview. Additional sections address prevalence, mortality and morbidity, caregiving, the dementia care workforce, and the use and costs of health care and services. Better Alzheimer's disease care requires conversations about memory at the earliest point of concern and a knowledgeable, accessible care team that includes physician specialists to diagnose, monitor disease progression and treat when appropriate. The Special Report examines obstacles and opportunities for achieving better care in an era of new treatments for Alzheimer's. The statistics, facts, gures, interpretations and statements made in this report are based on currently available data and information as cited in the report, all of which are subject to revision as new data and information become available.

12023 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

Specic information in this year's

Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures

includes: The Appendices detail sources and methods used to derive statistics in this report.

When possible, specific information about Alzheimer's disease is provided; in other cases, the reference

may be a more general one of "Alzheimer's or other dementias." This report keeps the racial and ethnic

terms used in source documents when describing study findings. When not referring to data from specific studies, the adjectives "Black," "Hispanic" and "White" are used. Brain changes that occur with Alzheimer's disease (page 8).

Risk factors for Alzheimer's dementia (page 13).

Number of Americans with Alzheimer's dementia nationally (page 21) and for each state (page 24). Lifetime risk for developing Alzheimer's dementia (page 26). Proportion of women and men with Alzheimer's and other dementias (page 26). Number of deaths due to Alzheimer's disease nationally (page 33) and for each state (page 36), and death rates by age (page 38). Number of family caregivers, hours of care provided, and economic value of unpaid care nationally (page 41) and for each state (page 45).

The impact of caregiving on caregivers (page 46).

The impact of COVID-19 on dementia caregiving (page 53). The paid workforce involved in diagnosing, treating and caring for people with

Alzheimer's or other dementias (page 57).

National cost of care for individuals with Alzheimer's or other dementias, including costs paid by Medicare and Medicaid and costs paid out of pocket (page 66). Medicare payments for people with dementia compared with people without dementia (page 67). Mean number of unique patients dementia specialists report seeing per year (page 95). 2

Contents

Overview

Alzheimer's Disease or

Dementia? 5

Brain Changes of

Alzheimer's Disease 8

Mixed Dementia 8

Alzheimer's Disease

Continuum 10

When Dementia-Like

Symptoms Are Not

Dementia 12

Treatments 12

Proactive Management

of Dementia Due to

Alzheimer's Disease 13

Risk Factors for

Alzheimer's 13

Looking to the Future 18

Prevalence

Prevalence of Alzheimer's

and Other Dementias in the United States 20

Prevalence Estimates 22

Estimates of the Number

of People with Alzheimer's

Dementia by State 23

Incidence of Alzheimer's

Dementia 23

Lifetime Risk of

Alzheimer's Dementia 26

Differences Between

Women and Men in the

Prevalence and Risk of

Alzheimer's and Other

Dementias 26

Racial and Ethnic

Differences in the

Prevalence of Alzheimer's

and Other Dementias 27

Risk for Alzheimer's

and Other Dementias in

Sexual and Gender

Minority Groups 28

Trends in the Prevalence

and Incidence of

Alzheimer's Dementia

Over Time 29

Looking to the Future 30

Mortality and Morbidity

Deaths from

Alzheimer's Disease 33

The Effect of the

COVID-19 Pandemic

on Deaths from

Alzheimer's Disease 34

Public Health Impact

of Deaths from

Alzheimer's Disease 37

State-by-State Deaths

from Alzheimer's 37

Alzheimer's Death Rates 37

Duration of Illness from

Diagnosis to Death 38

The Burden of

Alzheimer's Disease 38

Looking to the Future 39

Caregiving

Unpaid Caregivers 41

Caregiving and Women 42

Race, Ethnicity and

Dementia Caregiving 43

Caregiving Tasks 43

Duration of Caregiving 44

Hours of Unpaid Care

and Economic Value of

Caregiving 44

Health and Economic

Impacts of Alzheimer's

Caregiving 46

Interventions Designed

to Assist Caregivers 51

COVID-19 and

Dementia Caregiving 53

Trends in Dementia

Caregiving 54

A National Strategy

to Support Family

Caregivers 55

3Contents

Cognitive Issues Have

Several Causes 86

Americans and Their

Physicians Are Not Talking

About Cognitive Issues

or a Medical Diagnosis 86

Specialists in the

Spotlight: Essential for

Timely Diagnosis and

Ongoing Alzheimer's

Disease Care 87

If Millions of Americans

Decide to Seek an Early

Diagnosis for Cognitive

Issues, Will There Be

Enough Specialists? 88

The State of Patient-

Provider Dialogue About

Cognitive Issues and

Specialist Physicians' Patient

Panel Makeup: Quantitative

and Qualitative Evaluations of Individual and Physician

Perspectives 88

Key Findings 89

Focus Group Design

and Research Methods 89

Focus Group Findings:

Individuals with SCD 90

Focus Groups Findings:

Primary Care Providers 93

Workforce

Screening and

Diagnosing Workforce 57

Medical Treatment

and Care Team 59

Direct Care Workforce 60

Impact of COVID-19

on the Workforce 62

Looking to the Future 63

Specialist Physician

Survey Design and

Research Methods 95

Specialist Physicians See

a Substantial Number of Patients Age 60 and

Older Every Year 95

Specialists Report Seeing

More Patients In Early

Stages of Alzheimer's

Disease 96

Specialists See Neurologists

and Geriatricians as

Best Equipped to Diagnose,

Treat and Provide

Ongoing Care 96

Specialists Overestimate

the Proportion of Non-

White Patients They See 96

Reinforcing Foundational

Specialist Physician Care 97

Building Bridges to

Better Patient-Physician

Communication 99

Appendices

End Notes 102

References 107

Total Cost of Health Care

and Long-Term Care 66

Use and Costs of Health

Care Services 67

Use and Costs of

Long-Term Care Services 71

Medicare Does Not

Cover Long-Term Care

in a Nursing Home 77

Use and Costs of Health

Care and Long-Term Care

Services by Race and

Ethnicity 79

Avoidable Use of Health

Care and Long-Term Care

Services 81

The COVID-19 Pandemic

and Health Care

Utilization and Costs 82

Projections for the

Future 83

Use and Costs of

Health Care, Long-Term

Care and HospiceSpecial Report -

The Patient Journey in an

Era of New Treatments

ALZHEIMER'S BEGINS 20 YEARS

OR MORE BEFORE MEMORY LOSS

AND OTHER SYMPTOMS DEVELOP.

OVERVIEW

5Overview

Alzheimer's disease is a type of brain disease, just as coronary artery disease is a type of heart disease. It is caused by damage to nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. The brain's neurons are essential to thinking, walking, talking and all human activity. Individuals with mild symptoms often may continue to work, drive and participate in their favorite activities, with occasional help from family members and friends.quotesdbs_dbs32.pdfusesText_38

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