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The Career of Judges in Lebanon in Light of International Standards

judicial chambers where the trainee judge participates in deliberations.14 At the end of the training programme the IJS Board prepares a list of candidates 



Legal System of Lebanon: Summary and Bibliography

dence are very often used and quoted by Lebanese judges and lawyers. The civil law of Lebanon They cannot disclose the names of these depositors their.



Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon

Paragraph C of the Preamble of the Lebanese Constitution: Lebanon is a. Republic based on the respect of … the equality of all its citizens in terms of rights 



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Lebanon IN 46052. Pho: 765-482-3510. Fax: 765-485-0150. Circuit Court. Hon. Lori Schein



Lebanon - The Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary

responsible and the Lebanese Criminal Code lists a number of specific crimes related to the status of judge including illegal arrest the acceptance.



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Apr 20 2022 Accredited Judge as one of the Counsellors in Courts of Appeal. ... declared candidates list; conditioned that a judge shall choose at least.



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Senior Judges Seniority Listing . Superior Court Judges Alphabetical Listing. ... Lebanon. New London. 21. Waterford. Ledyard. New London.



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North Stonington. Old Lyme. Stonington. Waterford. Geographical Area No. 21 at Norwich. Bozrah. Colchester. Franklin. Griswold. Lebanon. Lisbon. Montville.



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Feb 26 2020 Antonio Benjamin



[PDF] The Career of Judges in Lebanon in Light of International Standards

The HJC then announces the list of accepted candidates who are considered 150/83 judges in Lebanon are appointed by decree following banon pdf



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The tribunal's judges are the guarantors of a fair trial They are all independent with extensive experience in international or Lebanese law



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[PDF] Directory of Courts Clerks in Indiana Lebanon IN 46052 Pho: 765-482-3510 Fax: 765-485-0150 Circuit Court Hon Lori Schein 



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[PDF] Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon - ESCWA

Since October 2017: The number of female judges is 248 out of the total of 520 judges Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon Rola ASSI PhD Page 8 STATUS 



Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon - ESCWA

The presence of women in the judiciary in Lebanon has increased over the past In addition female judges tend to be concentrated in Beirut rather than 



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All Members INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Members of the Court past and present (the names of the deceased are preceded by an asterisk): Name Country Judge President Vice-President 

  • How many judges are there in Lebanon?

    The Ministry of Justice had official authority over the judicial system, but the Supreme Council of Justice, a body consisting of eleven judges appointed by the president in consultation with leaders of the sects, exercised actual jurisdiction over the various courts.

  • What are the judges names?

    In chronological order: Othniel, Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah/Barak, Gideon, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan , Elon, Abdon , and Samson.

  • How many judges are present?

    There are 25 high courts in India. The number of total judges sanctioned in these high courts are 1114 of which 840 judges are permanent and remaining 274 sanctioned for additional judges.
  • There are three levels of courts: (1) the Trial Court (primary jurisdiction), (2) the Appellate Court, and (3) the Cassation Court (equivalent to Supreme Court). It should be noted that trial by jury does not exist in Lebanon.

Women in the Judiciary

in Lebanon

RolaASSI, PhD.

November 2018

CONTEXT

Guarantees of Gender Equality in the Lebanese Legal Framework

The Lebanese Constitution

dutieswithoutanydistinctionamongthem. qualifications.

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

CONTEXT

Guarantees of Gender Equality in the Lebanese Legal Framework

International Conventions ratified by Lebanon

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

CONTEXT

Guarantees of Gender Equality in the Lebanese Legal Framework

Domestic Laws

Public Service Law (Decree-Law No. 112/59): every Lebanese has the right to public employment, without any distinction, holding the required merits and qualifications

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

A.From denied entry to gender parity

1973-1977:Dismissing27femalecandidates.

womenand11menpassedin1992). femalecandidates.

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Table 1: The gender distribution of candidates admitted to the Institute of Judicial Studies

Session / yearMaleFemaleTotalPercentage of women

1991-199414122646%

1992-19951181942%

1994-1997180180%

1996-199916102638.5%

1997-200011112250%

1998-2001691560%

1999-20029112055%

2000-20036152171%

2001-200426144035%

2002-20058182669%

2003-200615223759.5%

2004-200710182864%

2005-200826875%

2009-2012851338.5%

2010-201310172763%

2011-20143151883%

2012-2016022100%

2014-2017681457%

Total 18020038052.5%

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

A.From denied entry to gender parity

Since 2009:Gradual decrease in the number of male judges vs. an increase in Since October 2017:The number of female judges is 248 out of the total of 520 judges.

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Table 2: The increase in numbers of women in the judiciary

Gender/Year199320032004200920102017

Female45116127188198248

Male254283306299298272

% of female judges15%29%29.5%38.5%40%47.7%

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Table 3: The gender distribution of current trainee judges at the Institute of

Judicial Studies

Session / GenderMaleFemaleTotalPercentage of women

20169243372.5%

2-201616244060%

Total 25487365.5%

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

B.Procedures of Selection and Appointment of Judges under the Lebanese Legislation Law: Absence of discriminatory provisions between male and female candidates Absence of any guarantees against gender-based discrimination

Practice:

candidate without providing any explanations or justifications)

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

B.Procedures of Selection and Appointment of Judges under the Lebanese Legislation

1. Basic Recruitment Procedure: Admittance exam organized by SJC:

Selection of files by the SJC.

Preliminary linguistic & general knowledge written test.

First interview before the SJC.

Written legal test.

Final oral examination.

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

B.Procedures of Selection and Appointment of Judges under the Lebanese Legislation

2. Alternate Recruitment Mechanisms:

a. Holders of a doctorate degree in law: Appointment as trainee judges after receiving the approval of the SJC. b. Lawyers, employees of the judicial administration, as well as employees in public institutions holding a law degree and having exercised their functions for at least six years: Appointment as tenured judges after receiving the approval of the SJC.

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

Table 4: The gender distribution of judges based on their avenue of admission to the judiciary

Avenue/GenderMaleFemaleTotalPercentage of women

ISJ Examination17920138053%

Other avenues 852711224%

Total 36422849246%

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

Table 5: The gender distribution of Ph.D. holders admitted to the ISJ without the written examination

Session MaleFemaleTotalPercentage of women

1991-2008101119%

2010-20171081844.5%

Total 2092931%

Table 6: The gender distribution of lawyers admitted to the judiciary with or without examination

Session MaleFemaleTotalPercentage of women

19931341723.5%

1996651145.5%

2010971644%

Total 28164436%

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

C.Impact of Discretionary Policies of Selection and Appointment of Judges Appointment of women to judicial positions in Beirut compared to other Lebanese regions The prevailing patriarchal and conservative mindset in different regions across the country

Family considerations.

Appointment of women to positions in the criminal field vs. the civil field Improvement in the number of female judges in the criminal field:

2010: 24.5%

2014: 12.5%

2017: 37%

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

C.Impact of Discretionary Policies of Selection and

Appointment of Judges

Appointment of women in senior positions in the judiciary:

Stereotypes against women

Political influence and involvement

Improvement: all MoJdepartments are presided or headed by women: the Director General (Judge MaysamNueiri), the Head of the Committee of Legislation and Consultations (occupied by Judge

Mary-Denise Maoushiuntil her death in July 2018),

the Head of the Committee of Cases (Judge Helena Iskandar), and the President of the ISJ (Judge Nada Dakroub).

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

D.Distribution of women in the judiciary

1. Distribution of positions in judicial bodies and by judicial category

Supreme Judicial Council

2006: Appointment of the first female member of the SJC (Ferial Dalloul)

2012: Election of the first female member of the SJC (SuheirHarake) among the

presidents of the chambers of the Court of Cassation.

Judicial Inspection Authority

In 2010: Appointment of the first two female judges. In 2014: Appointment of a third female judge in 2014.

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

D.Distribution of women in the judiciary

1. Distribution of positions in judicial bodies and by judicial category

Disciplinary Board of Judges

In 2012: Appointment of the first woman (SuheirHarake) as Head of the Disciplinary Board of Judges.

Court circuits

A clear male supremacy in senior judicial positions.

Senior positions assigned to women include:

1/10 positions of President of the chambers of Court of Cassation (in 2010)

1/6 positions of First President of the Courts of Appeal (in 2010)

1/6 positions of First Investigating Judge (in 2017)

2/6 positions of Public Prosecutor to the Court of Appeal (in 2010)

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

Table 7: The increase in numbers of female judges in different judicial positions according to their categories

Year200420102017Percentage

(2017)CategoryPositionFemale/ TotalFemale/ Total

Female/

Total Major responsibilitiesMajor responsibilities0/323/335/3315%

Attorneys General &

Investigating Judges

Attorneys General (excluding Public

Prosecutors)

6/407/4718/5632%

Investigating Judges (excluding First

Investigating Judges)

0/293/3214/4332.5%

Presidents of

Chambers

Courts of Appeal (without the first

President)

5/3313/4120/4941%

Labor Arbitration Councils7/127/137/1354%

First Instance6/1711/2215/2462.5%

SectionsSingle Judges54/10451/11985/14758%

Real Estate/Subsidiary3/113/137/1847%

Advisors & Members of

Chambers

Advisors at the Chambers of the Court of

Cassation

10/4218/3420/4149%

Advisors at the Chambers of the Courts of

Appeals

28/8450/10259/11452%

Members of the First Instance Courts 9/3430/4534/4871%

Judges attached to the

Ministry of Justice

Ministry &General Directorate4/151/149/4733.5%

Committee of Cases0/54/95/862.5%

Committee of Legislation and

Consultations

3/55/75/771.5%

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

Table 8: The gender distribution within the Judicial Public Prosecution Office Specialisation\Year200420102017% of women occupying these positions (2017)Female/ Total

Female/

Total

Female/

Total

Public Prosecution Office of

the Court of Cassation

3/92/115/1145.5%

Public Prosecution Office of

the Court of Appeal

3/326/359/4022.5%

Financial Public Prosecution 0/40/44/757%

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

Table 9: The gender distribution of judicial functions according to specialisation(jurisdiction)

Year200420102017

Criminal Public Prosecution 6/498/5620/65

Investigating Judges0/363/3915/50

Cassation0/155/158/22

Appeal9/6631/9233/97

Single Judges12/4817/6041/83

Total27/21464/262117/317

Percentage12.5%24.5%37%

CivilCassation 10/3714/3013/30

Appeal (including Labor

Arbitration Councils)

30/6939/7054/85

First Instance15/5141/6749/72

Single Judges42/5634/5944/64

Real Estate/Subsidiary 3/113/138/17

Total100/224131/239168/268

Percentage44.5%55%62%

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

3. Distribution of positions based on function or specialization

Table 10: The gender distribution according to specialisation(jurisdiction) (judicial vs. military)

Specialisation\Year200420102017% of women

occupying these positions

Female/Tota

l

Female/Tota

l

Female/Tota

l

Military Investigating

Judges

0/501/62/728.5%

Judicial Investigating

Judges

0/312/3313/4330.5%

Members of the Military

Public Prosecution Office

0/40/62/728.5%

Members of the Judicial

Public Prosecution Offices

6/458/5018/5831%

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN

THE LEBANESE JUDICIARY

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

4. Distribution of positions based on geographical location

Table 11: The gender distribution of positions based on their geographical location

Year19932004200920102017

Regions CourtsFemale/

Total

Female/

Total

Female/

Total

Female/

Total

Female/

Total

Beirut and

Mount Lebanon

Beirut29/16457/19686/209100/229137/268

% of judges in Beirut who are women 17.5%29%41%33.5%51%

Mount Lebanon 12/7542/11563/13564/14799/175

% of judges in Mount Lebanon who are women16%36.5%46.5%43.5%56.5% % of judges in the two who are women17%32%43%43.5%53%

Other regions

(excluding

Beirut and

Mount

Lebanon)

North5/3516/6220/6222/6331/77

% of judges in the North who are women14.5%26%32%35%40%

Bekaa0/338/4511/4213/4823/55

% of judges in the Bekaa who are women0%17.5%26%27%42%

South1/2610/328/319/3716/45

% of judges in the South who are women4%31%26%24.5%35.5%

Nabatieh0/212/232/253/285/30

% of judges in Nabatiehwho are women0%8.5%8%10.5%16.5% % judges in these regions who are women5%22.5%25.5%26.5%36% % of judges in center of the governorate who are women6.5%23%30%29%39% % of judges outside the center of the governorate who are women

0%17%4%9.5%22.5%

KEY TRENDS, OBSTACLES AND POSITIVE

FACTORS

A.Entry to the Judiciary and Motivation

Social values and challenging social stereotypes

Career stability

Financial aspirations

Social standing

Aspiring to achieve justice

Secular environment

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

KEY TRENDS, OBSTACLES AND POSITIVE

FACTORS

B.Obstacles in daily work (including interactions with colleagues and users of the judiciary system)

1-Relationships with their male colleagues:

Difficulties in some fields (gender-considerations)

Mutual Respect

2-Relationships with lawyers:

Serious

Professional

Distant

Women in the Judiciary in Lebanon, RolaASSI, PhD.

KEY TRENDS, OBSTACLES AND POSITIVE

FACTORS

B.Obstacles in daily work (including interactions with colleagues and users of the judiciary system)

3-Relationships withlitigants or users of the judiciary system:

Difficulties: Patriarchal mentality in some regions Preference of female judges by some litigants (female survivors ofquotesdbs_dbs7.pdfusesText_13
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