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Puppeteer: Component-based Adaptation for Mobile Computing 1

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  • What are the mechanisms of adaptation?

    Adaptation usually refers to two mechanisms: (1) an adjustment to new or altered environmental conditions by changes in genotype (natural selection) or phenotype; and (2) the occurrence of physiological changes in an individual exposed to changed conditions.

  • What is adaptation in mobile computing?

    The term “adaptation” in computer science refers to a process where an interactive system (adaptive system) adapts its behaviour to individual users based on information acquired about its user(s) and its environment. Adaptation is one of the three pillars of empiricism in Scrum.

  • What is the adaptation process?

    In evolutionary theory, adaptation is the biological mechanism by which organisms adjust to new environments or to changes in their current environment.
  • 2 Adaptability—The Key to Mobile Computing
    Since batteries store a finite amount of energy, they need to be replaced or recharged. The first option costs money, and the second option, although cheaper in terms of money expended, requires plugging in the computer for recharging, restricting mobility.
‡DepartmentofComputerScience

RiceUniversity

Abstract

cation.

1Introduction

ifyingtheapplications. formandwithCOM/DCOMtechnology,component- ditionaldrivermustbemadesmall.

Client

Puppeteer

ServerData

ServerPuppeteer

ProxyApplication

DataWeak

LinkStrong

LinkDMI

Figure1:Systemarchitecture.

KERNEL

Import

DriverCoderKERNELPolicies

Tracking

DriverExport

Driver

Decoder

Server ProxyClient Proxy

Figure2:Puppeteerarchitecture.

nearfeature. ourconclusions.

2Puppeteer

proxyworktogethertoperformtheadaptation. ordatabases.

2.1ApplicationRequirements

adaptationoncetheserequirementsaremet.

2.2PuppeteerArchitecture

executeintheclientPuppeteerproxy.

2.2.1Kernel

2 ponentcanhaveoneormorerelateddataitems. tothecomponent'sdata.

2.2.2Drivers

cificfileformatstoPIF. onLinux). nismthattracesrequests. newcomponentsintoarunningapplication. eventregistrationmechanisms.

2.2.3Transcoders

childrenoftheoriginalcomponent.

2.2.4Policies

whatfidelity. pageonly). visibletotheuser). 3

2.3TheAdaptationProcess

newlyfetcheddata. specifiedfidelity.

3Prototype

thecodelinecountsforthevariousmodules.

3.1Drivers

3.1.1Importdrivers

Kernel7996

PPTImportDriver1114

ExportDriver807

TrackDriver112

Transcoders392

Policies287

Total2712

IEImportDriver314

ExportDriver347

TrackDriver65

Transcoders749

Policies334

Total1809

andIEmodules. lowingcomponenttypes:IE,Images.

3.1.2Exportdrivers

partyapplications. page. 4

3.1.3Trackingdrivers

bythemouse).

3.2Transcoders

ingofspecificslides.

OLE-basedembeddedobjects.

intoProgressiveJPEGandbacktoJPEG.

4GZIPcompressor.Compressesanuncompresses

textandbinarydatausinggzip.

3.3Policies

bandwidthconditions. leaveoutanyimagesandembeddedobjects.Mon- oftheslidethathasthefocus.

JPEGimagesinaHTMLpageintoProgressive

higherfidelitytheimagepointedbythemouse.

3.4AddingNewFunctionality

Point(Table1).

interfacesispartofourongoingresearch.

4Experimentalenvironment

worktechnologies.

Allourexperimentsaccessdatastoredbyan

chine.

5Datasets

siteswithsizesrangingfrom20KBto21MB. 5 bytesto773KB,includingimages. sults. talsethas9 ?10?2?92members. ments.Thus,ourexperimentalsethas7 ?25?7?182 members.

6Experimentalresults

010203040506070

256512102420484096819216384

Document Size (KB)

Overhead (%)

10 Mb/sec

1.6 Mb/sec

384 Kb/sec

Figure3:PercentageoverheadofPPT.fullover

bothimplementations. significantlyreduceuserperceivedlatency.

6.1InitialAdaptationCosts

6.1.1Latencybreakdown

tation.

Figures3and4showthepercentageoverheadof

305%forsmalldocumentover10Mb/sec.

6

050100150200250300350

3264128256512

Document Size (KB)

Overhead (%)

10 Mb/sec

384 Kb/sec

56 Kb/sec

Cost(ms/component)

SingleAdditional

OperationAvgStdevAvgStdev

Slide(PPT)Stage1746723417492

Stage21489611399

Image(IE)SyntheticN/AN/A299

DMI33193212

gradethefidelityofIEimages mallybeused. considerablelessoverhead.

0%20%40%60%80%100%

32
64
128
256
512
1024
2048
4096
8192
16384
4 8 16 32
64
128
256
512
PPTIE

Document Size (KB)

Network Usage

skeletoncontrolapplication

HTMLdocuments.

6.2ContinuingAdaptationCosts

beforeweloaditintotheapplication. formStage1,butwoulddispenseofStage2.

ForIEwedeterminetheDMIoverheadforupgrad-

andrenderingcostsareminimal. 7 fortheDMIandSyntheticimplementations. milliseconds.

TheIEresultsshowthattheDMIimplementation

darddeviationof19milliseconds.

6.3Someadaptationpolicies

itable. beforereturningcontroltotheuser.

05000100001500020000

Document Size (KB)

Latency (sec)

PPT.native

PPT.full

PPT.slide

PPT.prefetch

050000100000150000200000250000300000

05000100001500020000

Document Size (KB)

Latency (sec)

PPT.native

PPT.full

PPT.slide

PPT.prefetch

Mb/sec.

05000100001500020000

Document Size (KB)

Latency (sec)

PPT.native

PPT.full

PPT.slide

PPT.prefetch

Mb/sec.

8

0500010000150002000025000

05000100001500020000

Document Size (KB)

Document Size (KB)

PPT.native

PPT.full

PPT.slide

PPT.prefetch

thefourscenarios.

Whileweexpectedthatreducednetworktraffic

than3MB).

72%,and54%fordocumentslargerthan1MBover

020406080100120140

0200400600800

Document Size (KB)

Latency (sec)

IE.native

IE.original

IE.imagtrans

IE.fulltrans

Figure10:LoadlatencyforHTMLdocumentsat56

(IE.original),loadonlythefirst1 ?7bytesoftranscodedquotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23
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