[PDF] Assembly Language Programming Circuits. Devices. Transistors. Logic gates





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Assembly Language Programming

Circuits. Devices. Transistors. Logic gates multiplexers



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An assembly language programming notes note that calls a pdf ebooks without This program every assembler like that language programming lecture notes 

  • What is assembly programming language in microprocessor?

    An assembly language is a low-level programming language for microprocessors and other programmable devices. It is not just a single language, but rather a group of languages. An assembly language implements a symbolic representation of the machine code needed to program a given CPU architecture.

  • What are the 5 basic parts of an assembly language program?

    Fundamental of Assembly Language.Instructions.•Label (optional)•Instruction mnemonic (required)• Operand(s) (usually required)• Comment (optional)Label.Instruction Mnemonic.

  • What is a microprocessor PDF?

    A microprocessor is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on a small chip capable of performing Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) operations and communicating with the other devices connected to it.
  • To activate the procedure we have to enter the starting address of the program (2000H in our example). To enter this address we have to go into execute mode by pressing GO key and enter the starting address using hex keys. Once the starting address is entered, the program can be executed by pressing EXECUTE key.

Assembly Language Programming

EE3376

1

Moving Up Levels of Abstraction

Problems Algorithms Language Machine (ISA) Architecture Microarchitecture Circuits Devices Transistors Logic gates, multiplexers, memory, etc. MSP430 Architecture Machine code Assembly code

Adapted from notes from BYU ECE124

2

High Level vs. Assembly

llHigh Level Languages

ÐlMore programmer friendly ÐlMore ISA independent ÐlEach high-level statement translates to several

instructions in the ISA of the computer llAssembly Languages

ÐlLower level, closer to ISA ÐlVery ISA-dependent ÐlEach instruction specifies a single ISA instruction ÐlMakes low level programming more user friendly ÐlMore efficient code

Adapted from notes from BYU ECE124

3

Assembler Syntax

llEach assembly line begins with either a label, a blank (tab), an asterisk, or a semicolon llEach line has four fields: {label[:]} mnemonic {operand list} {;comment} llSome line examples are:

.sect n.sysmemn ; data space var1 .word 2 ; variable var1 declaration .text ; program space loop: mov COUNT,r5 ; get counter .end ; end of program

Adapted from notes from BYU ECE124

4

Symbols / Labels

llSymbols

ÐlSymbols are used as labels, constants, and substitution values ÐlSymbols are stored in a symbol table ÐlA symbol name

llis a string of up to 200 alphanumeric characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, $, and _) llcannot contain embedded blanks llfirst character cannot be a number llcase sensitive

ÐlSymbols used as labels become symbolic addresses that are associated with locations in the program llLabel Field

ÐlLabels are symbols ÐlLabels must begin in column 1. ÐlA label can optionally be followed by a colon ÐlThe value of a label is the current value of the Location Counter (address

within program)

ÐlA label on a line by itself is a valid statement ÐlLabels used locally within a file must be unique.

Adapted from notes from BYU ECE124

5

Mnemonics / Operands

llMnemonic Field

ÐlThe mnemonic field follows the label field. ÐlThe mnemonic field cannot start in column 1; if it does, it is interpreted

as a label. ÐlThe mnemonic field contains one of the following items:

llMSP430 instruction mnemonic (ie. ADD, MOV, JMP) llAssembler directive (ie. .data, .list, .equ) llMacro directive (ie. .macro, .var, .mexit) llMacro call

llOperand Field ÐlThe operand field follows the mnemonic field and contains one or more operands.

ÐlThe operand field is not required for all instructions or directives. ÐlAn operand may consist of:

llSymbols llConstants llExpressions (combination of constants and symbols)

ÐlOperands are separated with commas

Adapted from notes from BYU ECE124

6

Assembler Directives

llAssembly directives are used to specify:

ÐlStarting addresses for programs ÐlStarting values for memory locations ÐlSpecify the end of program text.

;******************************************************************************* ; CS/ECEn 124 Example Code ;******************************************************************************* .cdecls C,LIST, nmsp430x22x4.hAquotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23

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