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Introduction to Mobile

Computing

Introduction and need for Mobile computing

workingofmobilecomputingtechnology. throughthisframework. below.

Mobility and portability

User mobility:

users email on web browser)

Device portability:

devices can be connected anytime, anywhere to the network.

Mobile Application

Vehicles

Nomadic user

Smart mobile phone

Invisible computing

Wearable computing

Intelligent house or office

Meeting room/conference

Taxi/Police/Fire squad fleet

Service worker

Disaster relief and Disaster alarm

Military / Security

BlackBery:

BlackBerry smartphones have had two major advantages. They used a special server technology that sat between the phone and email systems to provide better performance. lackBerryphones have been known for their excellent physical keyboards, BlackBerry 10 phones can also come with a touch-screen keyboard. The touch-screen has blank areas between the rows of keys to make it easier to type, and it also can adjust where the keyboard appears to better match the position of your fingers. BlackBerry phones benefit from a single inbox, called the BlackBerry Hub, which consolidates messages from all of your email accounts with instant messages, and social networking updates. It also handles your phone calls, voicemails, text messages and messages from the redesigned BlackBerry Messenger. The program offers the ability to peek at messages and has context-sensitive tools to help you handle all incoming traffic.

PlamOS

Inc. specificsizeandwithaspecificdisplaysize. canbeselected.

Symbian OS

(even2011forEurope). andUIQ. shellatoptheOS. AVKON supportglobaldistribution.

Android Programming

Introduction

Android is an open source and Linux-based operating system for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. The first beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by Google in 2007 where as the first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. It is developed by Google and later the OHA (Open Handset Alliance). Java language is mainly used to write the android code even though other languages can be used.

What is Open Handset Alliance (OHA)

It's a consortium of 84 companies such as google, samsung, AKM, synaptics, KDDI, Garmin, Teleca, Ebay, Intel etc. It was established on 5th November, 2007, led by Google. It is committed to advance open standards, provide services and deploy handsets using the Android Platform.

Android Versions

Android 1.1 (Feb 2009)

Android 1.5 (Cupcake April 2009)

Android 1.6 (Donut Spet2009)

Android 2.0/1 (Éclair oct2009)

Android 2.2 ( FroyoMay 2010)

Android Versions

Android 2.3 (GingerbirdDec 2010)

Android 3.0 (Honey Comb May 2011)

Android 4.0 (Ice Cream SandwitchOct 2011)

Android 4.1 (Jolly Bean July 2012)

Android 4.4 (KitkatOct 2013)

Android Versions

Android 5.0 (Lollipop Nov 2014)

Android 6.0 (Marshmallow Oct 2015)

Android 7.0 (Nougat Aug 2016)

Android 8.0( Oreo Aug 2017)

Android 9.0 (Android P June 2018)

Android 10 (Android Q 2019)

Android Features

User Interface

Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface.

Connectivity

GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and

WiMAX.

Storage

SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes.

Media support

H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3,

MIDI, OggVorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP.

Messaging

SMS and MMS

Android Features

Web browser

Based on the open-source WebKitlayout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8

JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3.

Multi-touch

Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero.

Multi-tasking

User can jump from one task to another and same time various application can run simultaneously.

Resizable widgets

Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or shrink them to save space. GCM Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary sync solution.

Android Features

Wi-Fi Direct

A technology that lets apps discover and pair directly, over a high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection.

Android Beam

A popular NFC-based technology(Near-field communication)that lets users instantlshare, just by touching two NFC-enabled phones together.

Difference Between HTML and XML

HTMLXML

HTML is ahypertext markuplanguageXMLstands for Extensible markuplanguage

HTML was designed to display data with focus on

how data looks

XML was designed to be s/w and h/w independent

tool used to transport and store data, with focus on what data is. HTML is a presentation languageXML is neither a programming language nor presentation language

HTML is case insensitiveXML is case sensitive

HTML is used for design a web page to be rendered

on the client side XML is used basically to transport data between the application and the database HTML has it own predefined tagsXML flexible is that custom tags can be are invented by the author of XML document HTML is about displaying data, hence static .XML is about carrying information, hence dynamic

Android Architecture

Android Architecture

The Linux Kernel

-preemtiveMultitasking -Low level core system services. (Such as Memory, process and power management.) -providing network stack and device drivers for hardware such as device display , Wi-Fi and audio.

Android Architecture

Android Runtime

-DalvikVirtual Machine is an android virtual machine. -It is optimised the virtual machine for memory, battery life and performance. -The DalvikVM was written by Don Bornstein. -Dexcomplier (.dexdalvikexecutable) and (.odexoptimised

Dalvikexecutable)

-It converts the class file into the .dexfile . -Multiple class files converted into one .dexfile.

Android Architecture

DalvikVirtual Machine

Java Files

Source Code

.class files .dexfile .apkfile

Java Compiler

(javac)Package (adpt)

DexCompiler

.dex

Android Architecture

Android Runtime (Core Libraries)

Libraries carry a set of instruction to guide the device in handling different types of data.

1.Surface Manager-

Composing windows on the screen

2. SGL (Scalable Graphics library)

2D graphics SGL is low level graphics library implemented in native code

3. Open GL 3D library

4. Media Framework

Support playback and recording of various audio, video and picture format.

5.Free Type-

Font Rendering

6. Web kit-

Browser Engine

7. SQLitie-

Database Storage

Android Architecture

Application Framework

1.Activity Manager

Manages the activity life cycle of applications.

2.Content Provider

Manage the data sharing between applications

3.Telephony Manager

Manage all voice calls use telephony manager if we want to access voice calls in our application.

4.Location Manager

Location management, using GPS or cell tower

5.Resource Manager

Manage the various types of resources.

Android Architecture

Application layer

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