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PB88-123799

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ComputerScience

andTechnology

NBSSpecialPublication500·149

Guide onDataEntity

NamingConventions

JudithJ.Newton

InformationSystemsEngineeringDivision

NationalBureauofStandards

Gaithersburg,Maryland20899

October1987

0" u.s.DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE

ClarenceJ.Brown,ActingSecretary

NationalBureau

ofStandards

ErnestAmbler,Director

REPRODUCEDBY

U.S.DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE

NATIONALTECHNICAL

INFORMATIONSERVICE

SPRINGFIELD,

VA22161

ReportsonComputerScienceandTechnology

Technologyaredesignedtoprovide

intheacademic inthisseriesshouldcompleteand returntheformattheendofthispublication.

CODEN:XNBSAV

U.S.GOVERNMENTPRINTINGOFFICE

WASHINGTON:1987

HBS.l1AAIREv.Z·IC)

U.S.OEPT.OF

BIBLIOGRAPHICDATA

SHEET(Seeinstl'lJctions)

4.TITLEANDSUBTITLE

1.PUBLICATIONOR

REPORTNO.

oNBS/SP-500/149

October1987

ComouterScienceandTechnolOQY:

GuideonDataEntityNamingConventions..

5.AUTHOR(Sj

JudithJ.Newton

NATIONALBUREAUOFSTANDARDS

DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE

Gaithersburo.MD20899

PBS8 - 1 2S'799'AS

7.Contract/GrantNo.

I.TypeofReport&PeriodCovered

Final

Sameasitem6.

NBSCategoJ'I

NBS./bO

10.SUPPLEMENTARYNOTES

AlsoAvailablefrom

13.AVAILABILITY

Unlimited

[]JOrder.FromSUDerintendentofDocuments,U.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeWashington,0 C

20'!O2.•• •

14.NO.OF

PRINTEDPAGES

57

15.Price

LISTOFFIGURES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TABLEOFCONTENTS

. . . . ... . . ..'... . . ..v vi

1.INTRODUCTION. . . . ....

1.1.THEUTILITYOFNAMINGCONVENTIONS.

1.2.INTENDEDAUDIENCEFORTHISGUIDE.

1.3.HOWTHISGUIDESHOULDBEUSED.

1.4.SOMETERMSDEFINED.

1.5.WHAT'SINANAMINGCONVENTION?.

1.6.ADVANTAGESOFNAMINGCONVENTIONS.

2.ORGANIZATIONALFACTORSINNAMEDEVELOPMENT

2.1.THEROLEOFTHEDATAADMINISTRATOR.

2.2.MANAGEMENTSUPPORT....•.......

2.3.MANAGEMENTSTYLE.. ..•..2 .

4.FUNCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2 •5.SCOPE• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

3.ADMINISTRATIONOFNAMINGCONVENTIONS.

3.1.1.CONVENTIONSANDSTANDARDS...•.

3.1.2.ADMINISTRATIVEPROCEDURES...

3 •2.TOOLS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.1.THEDATADICTIONARY...........•

3.2.2.OTHERTOOLS..•...•.

4.DATAARCHITECTURE. . . . . . . . • . . . . .

4.1.DATATYPES. . . . . . . .. . . . . .

4.6.NAMESANDDATARATIONALIZATION.

5.NAMEFORMATION. . .....

5 .

5.1.1.ACCESSNAMECONTENT.

5.1.2.ACCESSNAMEFORMAT.

5.2.1.DESCRIPTIVENAMECONTENT...

5.2.2.DESCRIPTIVENAMEFORMAT....•.

iii

Precedingpageblank

1 1 1 1 2 3 5 7 7 9 9 9 9 10 10 12 14 14 14 14 15 15 16 20 20 20 21
22
22
23
23
24
24
24
24
2626
26
26
27
27

5.5.ALTERNATENAMES.....

5.6.PHYSICALIMPLEMENTATION

6.CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES. .

APPENDIXA:CONSISTENT

EXAMPLE.

APPENDIX

B:RULESFORNAMINGCONVENTIONS• .

APPENDIX

C:GLOSSARY. • . .

iv 28
28
30
31
A-I B-1 C-l

LISTOFFIGURES

1:Content/FormatInterrelationship4

2:EntityandAttributeMapping6

3:Synonymsv.SameNames11

4:Prototyping13

5:ThesaurusExample19

6:IRDSMeta-Names20

7:strategicDataPlanning22

8:HorizontalandverticalIntegration25

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

inthepreparationofthisguide:

ReneFecteau-VeteransAdministration

StevenScheibe

DanLandon-PugetSoundNavalShipyard

Wm."Mack"Leftwich

(formerlyofUSPS)

ControlleroftheCurrency

SusanMcFarland

IleaneSolomon

ChuckSpasaro

AlHenderson

LarryWillets

IRS USPS

RaeThompson-smithsonianInstitution

versionsofthisguide:

EllenLevin-FreddieMac

RonShelby-AmericanManagementSystems,Inc.

LenGallagher-NationalBureauofStandards

AlanGoldfine

DavidJefferson

FrankieSpielman

vi

GUIDEONDATAENTITYNAMINGCONVENTIONS

JudithNewton

vii

1.INTRODUCTION

1.1.THEUTILITYOFNAMINGCONVENTIONS

processanddatadesign. bothstaffandmanagement.

1.2.INTENDEDAUDIENCEFORTHISGUIDE

1.3.HOWTHISGUIDESHOULDBEUSED

1 manymethodologiesavailable. usersofthedata. assurance[FIFE77].

1.4.SOMETERMSDEFINED

avoidconfusion. datasharingasdataentitynamesare. 2

1.5.WHAT'SINANAMINGCONVENTION?

tion'sdata. assignedmeaningsofwords. ascomposedoftwoparts: whichmaybederivedaboutthesUbjectentityby perusalofthedataentityname. perusalofthesUbjectname. administrator. 3 considered: tionshipsofcomponentsofaname. othernamesandtothelogicaldatastructure. found. X

DISCRETE1

CONTENTAXIS

RELATIONAL

Figure1:Content/FormatInterrelationship:

InformationContentAxis

4

AppendixA:thelogicalgroupingCONTRACTOR.

ofthediscretecontent. isrevealedbyperusalofCONTR-CONTACT-NAME. anddescriptivenames.

1.6.ADVANTAGESOFNAMINGCONVENTIONS

structureandthedata'slogicalstructure. 5 facilitatesmanykindsofanalysis.

E -RModel

Entity

Employee

Logical

group

Employee

Attributes

name} add:ess Data

Entities

EMP-NAME

EMP-ADDR

Figure2:EntityandAttributeMapping

6

1.7.THENATUREOFNAMES

Dataentitynamesareconstrainedby:

charactersofdatanames. namingformatorcontent.

1.8.GUIDINGPRINCIPLESFORRULEDERIVATION

7 o

ClarityNamesareasclearandEnglish-likeas

mind. ofclarityareresolvedinfavorofthelatter. frequencyofwaiverrequests. entityarenotpartofthename. 8

2.ORGANIZATIONALFACTORSINNAMEDEVELOPMENT

2.1.THEROLEOFTHEDATAADMINISTRATOR

definedbeforethejobmaybegin[JAME8?].

2.2.MANAGEMENTSUPPORT

administrationfunction.

2.3.MANAGEMENTSTYLE

extremes[FONG86]. 9

2.4.FUNCTION

2.5.SCOPE

businessmodelandimplementedforthwith. 10 onyms. errorsinresultscausedbyusingthewrongdataentity- acase

EMP-RCRD

EMP-NAME

TRAIN-RCRD

TRAINEE-NAME

CONTRACT-POC-GROUP

NAME-OF·POC

PHONE-NO-OF-POC

EMP-RCRD

EMP-NAME

TRAIN·RCRD

EMP-NAME

CONTRACT-POC-GROUP

EMp·NAME

EMp·PHONE-NMBR

3B:UsingtheSameNameFacilitatesAnalysis

Figure3Synonymsv.SameNames

11

2.6.NON-TRADITIONALCOMPUTING

climate"ofmanyorganizations. mayalsobeimposed[STAN87]. prototypinginthelongrun[GRAY86,FISH87]. 12

TheWrongWay

Prototyping

Process

Naming

It....

Conventions

Production

System

TheRightWay

Prototyping

Naming

Process

Conventions

l...&. Ir

Production

System

Figure4:Prototyping

13

3.ADMINISTRATIONOFNAMINGCONVENTIONS

3.1.TASKSOFTHEDATAADMINISTRATOR

procedures.

3.1.1.CONVENTIONSANDSTANDARDS

entitynames. resultinaconsistentsetofdataentitynames. charter.

3.1.2.ADMINISTRATIVEPROCEDURES

dataentities: 14 ownerofallthedata. included. paperorautomated. administratorwithinputfromusers. oPromulgatetherules. datahandlingthroughout

DENCstandardsandknows

classesmaybeneededto involved.

3.2.TOOLS

Besureeveryoneinvolvedwith

theorganizationisawareofthe howtoapplytherules.Formal convinceusersoftheadvantages

3.2.1.THEDATADICTIONARYSYSTEM

(shared)datainanorganization. differententities.. 15 allowedbetweenwords." constraints. foreachentity. facilitatedataanalysis.Forinstance,a Iistofentitynames couldbeusedto: oTrackandcontrolsynonymuse. oTraceusageofasingledataentityovertime. acrossoneormoreuserviews.

3.2.2.OTHERTOOLS

tion. 16 themare: therulesspecifiedbythedataadministrator. tion'sformatandcontentstandards. dictionary. charts.

TSll84].

"encyclopedia ll toreflecttheenhancedroleitplaysinthe

CASEsystemsare:

oDiagrammingTools oSyntaxVerifier 17 oPrototypingTools oCodeGenerators oLife-CycleMethodologyTools oProjectManagementTools eitheron-lineoronpaper.

Onlyoneacronymisallowedperterm.

willbediscussedinsections4.4and4.5.) fromadataentitywordglossary. referencesareused: near-synonym,orword-formvariant. 18 preferred. oBT:broaderterm- Atermofgreaterspecificitythanthe entry. oNT:narrowerterm- Atermoflesserspecificitythanthe entry. oRT:- arelatedtermwhichdoesnotfallintoahier archy. shouldbeusedinstead. appropriatefilesforruleconformance. NAME

UFTitle

ID

BTDesignation

NTLabel

RTCode

TITLE

USEName

ill

USEName

Figure5:ThesaurusExample

19

4.DATAARCHITECTURE

4.1.DATATYPES

entities.

4.2.THEIRDSNAMESTRUCTURE

mustthenamesofthenames(meta-names).

ACCESS...1:0,1

DESCRIPTIVE

NAMENAME

1:N I I

ALTERNATE

NAME2NAME3

NAME1

Figure6:IRDSMeta-Names

20 noneoronedescriptivename. informationthantheaccessname. itmighthavebeen.

Descriptivenamesarederivedfromthem.

4.3.CONCEPTUALSTRUCTUREOFDATA

developed[GRIE82]: logicaldatamodel(LDM);and physicalimplementationisproduced. entities. 21

EXTERNAL

USERVIEW

LOGICALMODEL

INTERNALMODEL

PHYSICALMODEL

PHYSICAL

IMPLEMENTATION

Figure7:StrategicDataPlanning

4.4.NAMESANDLOGICALSTRUCTURE

4.5.NAMESANDCLASSIFICATION

22
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