[PDF] PREPARATION OF MOLAR NORMAL AND PERCENT SOLUTIONS





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Laboratory Solution Preparation

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the final volume and concentration of solution desired and then determine the amount of solute Dilute the solute in sufficient solvent to produce the final volume of solution desired For example to prepare 100 mL of a 10 by volume solution of acetic acid dilute 10 mL acetic acid with distilled or deionized water to make 100 mL of solution



Searches related to normal solution preparation pdf filetype:pdf

needed to prepare a specific solution is: Weight in grams = desired molarity x volume needed in litres x GMW Ex: How much weight of NaCl is required to prepare 500mL of 1 M NaCl solution Weight in grams= 1M x 500 mL x 58 45 GMW Weight in grams= 29 225 grams of NaCl to be dissolved in 500 mL of water to make it 1M NaCl solution 2 3 NORMAL SOLUTIONS

How do you prepare a normal solution?

    Normal solutions are prepared by dissolving gram equivalent weight of solute making 1 litre of solution. It means, to prepare 1 liter solution, we have to dissolve the solute equal to the equivalent weight of the solute in grams. Equivalent weight of any chemical is calculated by dividing the molecular weight with its valence.

What is normality of a solution?

    1. Presentation on Normality 2. The strength of solution measured in terms of gram equivalent per litre is called normality. It is denoted by N. A solution having 1 gram equivalent of the dissolved solute in 1 litre of its solution is called normal solution.

How many equivalents are in a normal solution?

    A normal solution contains one equivalent of solute per liter of solution. For acid-base reactions, an equivalent is the amount of a reactant that can produce or consume one mole of hydrogen ions (using the Brønsted-Lowry definition). So, for example, a mole of HCl or NaOH is one equivalent, but a mole of H?SO? or Ca (OH)? is two equivalents.
PREPARATION OF MOLAR NORMAL AND PERCENT SOLUTIONS

112.1IN TRODUCTION

Int hefirs tUnitofcour seBBCCT- 101yo uhavelearnt aboutvariousunits usedfo rtheexp ressiono fweightsandvolu meso fsubstancesand

solutionsusedinbi ochemist ryex periments.Inconnectiont othathereinthisexer ciseyou'llbee xposedtosomeu nits thatareusef ulan dplaya

crucialrolei ntheexpre ssion ofsolut e(analyte)concent rati onperUnit volume.Among suchexpressiont hewi delyusedonesare Molari ty(M),

Normality(N)andPe rcent(% )soluti ons.Thisexercise ismain lyfocusedont hedefi nitionandsampleexample showto prepareaso lutionwith

specificconcentr ation.Thoughthisissmalle rexercisebyconte ntbutit playskeyro lein yourpresen tand future researchwork. ExpectedLearnin gOutcomesAftergoin gthroughth isexercise,youshou ldbeable to: definemolar ityandnormality; distinguishbetweenm olar,normaland percentsolutio ns;and performthepre parati onofmolar,normalandper centso lutions.2.2MO LARSOLUTIO NS Forbe tterunderstan dingletusstartwithasimple aknowne xampl e,we allkno whowto prepar easug arsolution;prep ar ationstar tsbytakinga tablespoon ofsugaran dend sbydissolvi ngitin aglassofn orma lwater.Structure

2.1Introduction

ExpectedLearni ngOutcomes

2.2MolarSolu tions

2.3NormalSolut ionsPREPARATIONOF

MOLAR,NORMA LANDPERCENTSOLU TIONS

2.4PercentSolut ions

SelfAsse ssmentQuestions

2.5Summary

2.6FurtherReadin gsExercise2

12simpleexper imentwaterisknownas solventandsug arassolute.Butit is

toughtosay theco ncent ration ofthesugarsolution?Andwh ethe ritisa molarorno rmal orpercentsolut ion! Toovercomesuchissu esscientific communityhascomeu pwitha concepto fexpr essingsolut e( analyte) concentrationperunitvolum eusing theterms Molar,Norm alandPercen t solutions.Nowlet' sdiscusso nebyone. A molarsoluti onconsistsof"grammol ecularweight" (formulaweight)o f a soluteorsubst ancei ngrams.GramMo lecul arweight(G MW)isobt ained byc ombiningtheatomicw eights ofallatomspr esentinthatpart icul ar solutemole cule. Molarityisdefin edas "thenumberofmo leso fsolutepe rlitre(L)of solution",andisexpressedas It'sessen tialtoremember that ,thetermmolerepr esentsthea mounto f substance(ingra ms),irr espectiveofthevo lumewherethesubstan ceis dissolved.

Example:

40= 1No.of mole sofsodiumhyd roxid e(NaOH)pre sentin40gmis=40

Molecularweighto fNaOHisNa:22 .99; O:16;H:1 i.e. ,39.99 =40 Letus unde rstandthiswithasimpl eexcerciseo fHowto prep are1Lof

1Ms olutionofNaOH?

Sincemole cularweightofNaOH is40,dissolve4 0gra msofNaOH in1 literofwa tert omakea1MNaO Hsolu tionpe r1 L. Similarlyonemoleo fsodium chloride( NaCl )is58.45(M W58.45) Thefo rmulatocalculat ehow muchweightofsolute orsubst anceis neededtopre pare aspecificsolutio ni s: Weightingra ms=d esiredmola ri tyxvolumeneede dinlitresx GMW Ex:Ho wmuchw eightofN aClisrequire dtop repare50 0mLo f1

M NaClsolu tion

Weightingra ms=1 Mx500mLx58.4 5GMW

Weightingra ms= 29.225gramso fNaCltobed issolv edin500m L ofw atertomakei t1MN aClsolu tion

2.3NO RMALSOLUTION S

Normality(N)isalso anothe rway ofexpre ssingtheconcentra tionof solut e int hesolut ion.Thisispartia llysimila rtoM olaritybutusesgram equivalent weight(Eq.W t)ratherthangr ammolecularwe ight(GMW )ofsolute perMoles=Weightofsolu tein grams

GramMol ecularWeight

13litre.Indet aili tisexplaineda s"1Ns olutioncontains1g ram-equivalent

weightofsol utep erliterofsol utio n" itis alsod efined as"numberofgra m equivalentsofsolutepe rlit reofthesolu tion". Toobtaingr ameq uivalen t weightonesho uldknow thenoo fhydr ogenatomsthatca nbeaddedor removedfromthe givensub stance.Whe nyoudividetheGM Wofthe substancewithno ofreplace able hydro gensyou'llgetEW. Forexa mple:Molecularw eightofNaOHisNa: 22.99;O:16;H :1i. e.,

39.99=40; Na OHpossess 1hydrogen atomthat can bereplaced,hence

Eq.WtofNa OHis:

Letus unde rstandthiswithanoth erexample ofHowto prep are500mLof

0.5Nsolu tionofNaOH.

(Atomicweight ofNaOHisNa:2 2.99 ;O:16;H: 1i.e .,39.9 9=40)

10g ramsofNaOH isne ededtopr epar e500mLof0.5N solut ionofNaOH.

2.4PE RCENTSOLUTIONS

Thisisa noth erwaytoexpressth esolute concen trationsin agiven solution. Thefo llowingarethetwoma jorwel l-known expressio nsusedforth ispurpose. i.weight/volume(wt/vol): Usedtoexp ressw eight(gram s)ofspecific substancein100m Lsolv ent. Example:1%gluco sesolu tionconsistso f1gramglucosein1 00mLofwate r. Thiscanb efur ther expressedasg%solut ionandmg%solu tion depe nding ont heweig htofthesolute in10 0mLofso lvent. ii.volume/volume(vol/vol): Usedtoexp ressvo lume(mL)in 100mlof solutionquotesdbs_dbs7.pdfusesText_5
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