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An Introduction to Object-Oriented

Programming with

JavaTMFifth EditionC.Thomas WuNaval Postgraduate School wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page i AN INTRODUCTION TO OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING WITH JAVA™, FIFTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the

Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Previous editions © 2006, 2004, and 2001. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any

form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The

McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or

transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the

United States.

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

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ISBN 978-0-07-352330-9

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All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wu, C. Thomas.

An introduction to object-oriented programming with Java / C. Thomas Wu (Otani p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-07-352330-9 - ISBN 0-07-352330-5 (hard copy : alk. paperObject-oriented programming (Computer scienceJava (Computer programlanguage) I. T itle.

QA76.64.W78 2010

005.1'17 - dc22

2008053612

www.mhhe.com wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page ii

To my family

wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page iii wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page iv v

Prefacexi

0

Introduction to Computers and

Programming Languages 10.1A History of Computers2

0.2Computer Architecture4

0.3Programming Languages11

0.4Java121Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming and

Software Development 151.1Classes and Objects16

1.2Messages and Methods18

1.3Class and Instance Data Values20

1.4Inheritance23

1.5Software Engineering and Software

Life Cycle242Getting Started with Java292.1The First Java Program30

2.2Program Components39

2.3Edit-Compile-Run Cycle49

2.4Sample Java Standard Classes52

2.5Sample Development69

Contents

wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page v

3Numerical Data85

3.1Variables86

3.2Arithmetic Expressions94

3.3Constants99

3.4Displaying Numerical Values101

3.5Getting Numerical Input107

3.6The MathClass113

3.7Random Number Generation117

3.8The GregorianCalendarClass120

3.9Sample Development125

3.10Numerical Representation (Optional)136

4DeÞning Your Own ClassesÑPart 1151

4.1First Example:DeÞning and Using a Class152

4.2Second Example:DeÞning and Using Multiple Classes162

4.3Matching Arguments and Parameters166

4.4Passing Objects to a Method168

4.5Constructors173

4.6Information Hiding and Visibility ModiÞers180

4.7Class Constants183

4.8Local Variables191

4.9Calling Methods of the Same Class193

4.10Changing Any Class to a Main Class197

4.11Sample Development198

5Selection Statements221

5.1The ifStatement222

5.2Nested ifStatements233

5.3Boolean Expressions and Variables239

5.4Comparing Objects247

5.5The switchStatement252

5.6Drawing Graphics256

5.7Enumerated Constants266

5.8Sample Development272

viContents wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page vi

Contents vii

6Repetition Statements303

6.1The whileStatement 304

6.2Pitfalls in Writing Repetition Statements313

6.3The doÐwhile Statement319

6.4Loop-and-a-Half Repetition Control323

6.5The forStatement327

6.6Nested forStatements332

6.7Formatting Output334

6.8Loan Tables339

6.9Estimating the Execution Time342

6.10Recursive Methods (Optional)346

6.11Sample Development351

7DeÞning Your Own ClassesÑPart 2373

7.1Returning an Object from a Method374

7.2The Reserved Word this378

7.3Overloaded Methods and Constructors386

7.4Class Variables and Methods391

7.5Call-by-Value Parameter Passing395

7.6Organizing Classes into a Package402

7.7Using Javadoc Comments for

Class Documentation403

7.8The Complete Fraction Class408

7.9Sample Development4188Exceptions and Assertions4458.1Catching Exceptions446

8.2Throwing Exceptions and MultiplecatchBlocks453

8.3Propagating Exceptions458

8.4Types of Exceptions466

8.5Programmer-Defined Exceptions469

8.6Assertions471

8.7Sample Development477

wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page vii viiiContents

9Characters and Strings495

9.1Characters496

9.2Strings499

9.3Pattern Matching and Regular Expression510

9.4The Patternand Matcher Classes517

9.5Comparing Strings521

9.6StringBufferand StringBuilder523

9.7String Processing and Bioinformatics529

9.8Sample Development533

10Arrays and Collections555

10.1Array Basics556

10.2Arrays of Objects567

10.3The For-Each Loop577

10.4Passing Arrays to Methods582

10.5Two-Dimensional Arrays589

10.6Lists and Maps596

10.7Sample Development609

11Sorting and Searching633

11.1Searching634

11.2Sorting638

11.3Heapsort646

11.4Sample Development659

12File Input and Output685

12.1Fileand JFileChooserObjects686

12.2Low-Level File I/O695

12.3High-Level File I/O700

wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page viii

Contents ix

12.4Object I/O709

12.5Sample Development716

13Inheritance and Polymorphism733

13.1A Simple Example734

13.2Defining Classes with Inheritance737

13.3Using Classes Effectively with Polymorphism741

13.4Inheritance and Member Accessibility744

13.5Inheritance and Constructors749

13.6Abstract Superclasses and Abstract Methods753

13.7Inheritance versus Interface758

13.8Sample Development759

14GUI and Event-Driven Programming787

14.1Simple GUI I/O with JOptionPane790

14.2Customizing Frame Windows793

14.3GUI Programming Basics799

14.4Text-Related GUI Components808

14.5Layout Managers820

14.6Effective Use of Nested Panels830

14.7Other GUI Components839

14.8Menus857

14.9Handling Mouse Events861

15Recursive Algorithms881

15.1Basic Elements of Recursion882

15.2Directory Listing883

15.3Anagram885

15.4Towers of Hanoi888

15.5Quicksort890

15.6When Not to Use Recursion895

wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page ix xContents

Appendix AHow to Run Java Programs903

Appendix BSample Programs911

Appendix CStandard Classes and Interfaces933

Appendix DUML Diagrams955

Index963

wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page x xi

Preface

This book is an introduction to object-oriented programming using the Java programming language. We use the object-Þrst approach where objects are used from the Þrst sample program. Object-oriented thinking is emphasized and pro- moted from the beginning. Students learn how to use objects Þrst and then learn

how to deÞne their own objects.Key Changes in the 5th EditionThe key differences between this edition and the fourth edition are as follows:

1. More Discussion on Java 5.0 Features and Java 6.0 Compatibility. Many

of the new Java 5.0 features are explained and used in the sample programs. They include the enumerator type, the for-each loop construct, auto boxing and unboxing, and the generics.

2. Exclusive Use of Console Input and Output. All the GUI related topics,

including the JOptionPaneclass, are moved to Chapter 14. Sample programs before Chapter 14 use the standard console input (Scanner (System.outThose who want to use JOptionPanefor simple input and output can do so easily by covering Section 14.1 before Chapter 3.

3. More Examples from Natural Sciences.

In several key chapters, we illus-

trate concepts using examples from biology and chemistry. For example, in Chapter 4, we use the elements in the periodic table to illustrate the concept of programmer-deÞned classes. In Chapter 9, we demonstrate how the string processing techniques are applied to implement DNA sequencing and other common DNAoperations.

4. Level-by-level Organization for Programming Exercises.

Programming

exercises at the end of chapters are organized into three levels of difÞculties. The one-star level exercises require the basic understanding of the materials covered in the chapter. The two-star level exercises require some additional thinking beyond the basic understanding. The three-star level exercises are wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page xi xiiPreface most difÞcult and require signiÞcant effort. For some of the three-star exer- cises, students must Þnd or study additional information beyond those pre- sented in the book. Please keep in mind that the level of difÞculties is only a general guideline. One student may Þnd some level-three exercises much eas-

ier than level-two exercises, for example.Book OrganizationThere are 16 chapters in this book, numbered from 0 to 15. The Þrst 11 chapters

cover the core topics that provide the fundamentals of programming. Chapters 11 to

15 cover intermediate-level topics such as sorting, searching, recursion, inheritance,

polymorphism, and Þle I/O. There are more than enough topics for one semester.

After the Þrst 11chapters (Ch 0 to Ch 10

from Chapters 11 to 15 to suit their needs. We Þrst show the dependency relation-

ships among the chapters and then provide a brief summary of each chapter.Chapter DependencyFor the most part, chapters should be read in sequence, but some variations are

possible, especially with the optional chapters. HereÕs a simpliÞed dependency graph: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8910

1514*131211*Note: Some examples use arrays,

but the use of arrays is not an integral part of the examples.

These examples can be modified

to those that do not use arrays.

Many topics from the early part

of the chapter can be introduced as early as after Chapter 2.wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page xii

Prefacexiii

Brief Chapter Summary

Here is a short description of each chapter:

¥Chapter 0is an optional chapter. We provide background information on computers and programming languages. This chapter can be skipped or as- signed as an outside reading if you wish to start with object-oriented pro- gramming concepts. ¥Chapter1provides a conceptual foundation of object-oriented programming. We describe the key components of object-oriented programming and illus- trate each concept with a diagrammatic notation using UML. ¥Chapter 2covers the basics of Java programming and the process of editing, compiling, and running a program. From the Þrst sample program presented in this chapter, we emphasize object-orientation. We will introduce the standard classesString,Date, andSimpleDateFormatso we can reinforce the notion of object declaration, creation, and usage. Moreover, by using these standard classes,studentscanimmediatelystartwritingpracticalprograms. Wedescribe ¥Chapter 3introduces variables, constants, and expressions for manipulating numerical data. We explain the standard Mathclass from java.langand introduce more standard classes (GregorianCalendarand DecimalFormat) to continually reinforce the notion of object-orientation. We describe additional methods of the Scannerclass to input numerical values. Random number generation is introduced in this chapter. The optional section explains how the numerical values are represented in memory space. ¥Chapter 4teaches the basics of creating programmer-deÞned classes. We keep the chapter accessible by introducting only the fundamentals with illus- trative examples. The key topics covered in this chapter are constructors, vis- ibility modiÞers (publicand private), local variables, and passing data to methods. We provide easy-to-grasp illustrations that capture the essence of the topics so the students will have a clear understanding of them. ¥Chapter 5explains the selection statementsifand switch. We cover boolean expressions and nested-ifstatements. We explain how objects are compared by using equivalence (==) and equality (the equalsand compareTomethods). We use the Stringand the programmer-deÞned Fractionclasses to make the distinction between the equivalence and equality clear. Drawing 2-D graphics is introduced, and a screensaver sample development program is developed. We describe the Java 5.0 feature calledenumerated typein this chapter. ¥Chapter 6explains the repetition statementswhile,doÐwhile, andfor. Pitfalls in writing repetition statements are explained. One of the pitfalls to avoid is the use of ßoat or double for the data type of a counter variable. We illustrate this pitfall by showing a code that will result in inÞnite loop. Finding the great- est common divisor of two integers is used as an example of a nontrivial loop statement. We show the difference between the straightforward (brute-force and the clever (EuclidÕs) solutions. We introduce theFormatterclass and show wu23305_fm.qxd 2/17/09 10:38 AM Page xiii xivPreface how the output can be aligned nicely. The optional last section of the chapter introduces recursion as another technique for repetition. The recursive version of a method that Þnds the greatest common divisor of two integers is given. ¥Chapter 7is the second part of creating programmer-deÞned classes. We introduce new topics related to the creation of programmer-deÞned classes and also repeat some of the topics covered in Chapter 4 in more depth. The key topics covered in this chapter are method overloading, the reserved wordthis, class methods and variables, returning an object from a method, and pass-by-value parameter passing. As in Chapter 4, we provide many

lucid illustrations to make these topics accessible to beginners. We use theFractionclass to illustrate many of these topics, such as the use ofthisand

class methods. The complete deÞnition of theFraction class is presented inquotesdbs_dbs20.pdfusesText_26

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