[PDF] [PDF] Lecture 53 Camera calibration - UiO





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Geometrical analysis of polynomial lens distortion models

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tering lens distortion model [12] and the second by means of the thin prism model [13] The model employed in the computer vision software library OpenCV [15] integrates a rational term to model RRI distortion with polynomial terms accounting for thin prism and decentering distortion RRI decentering distortion and thin prism distortion are



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[PDF] Lecture 53 Camera calibration - UiO

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How to distort an image in OpenCV?

    OpenCV doesn't provide distort function for image, but you can implement one by yourself. All you need are: Intrinsic params (camera matrix and distortion coefficients) and size of the distorted image. Denoted as cam_mtx, dis_cef, and image_size. Intrinsic params (camera matrix) and size of the undistorted image.

How many distortion coefficients does OpenCV use?

    The worse the distortion, the more coefficients we need to accurately describe it. OpenCV works with up to six ( k 1, k 2, k 3, k 4, k 5 and k 6) radial distortion coefficients, which should be more than enough for us, and with two ( p 1, p 2) tangential distortion coefficients.

What is a graphical OpenCV demonstrator?

    With this small graphical OpenCV demonstrator, one can explore different image processing functions included in OpenCV, without having to write a single line of code!

What is dilate in OpenCV?

    The OpenCV function dilate () is responsible for applying the dilation over the input image. As you can see from the documentation it takes as a first argument the input image. Following is the output image and then we provide the structuring element.

Lecture 5.3

Camera calibration

Thomas Opsahl

Introduction

2

•For finite projective cameras, the correspondence between points in the world and points in the image

can be described by the simple model 0݂ 001

•This camera model is typically not good enough for accurate geometrical computations based on images

=1

The image

World frame

Introduction

•Since light enters the camera through a lens instead of a pinhole, most cameras suffer from some kind of distortion •This kind of distortion can be modeled and compensated for

A radial distortion model can look like this

ݔො=ݔ1+ߢ

ො=ݕ1+ߢ where ߢ and ߢ are the radial distortion parameters X Y Z x y

No radial distortion

X Y Z x y

Barrel distortion

X Y Z x y

Pincushion distortion

3

Introduction

•When we calibrate a camera we typically estimate the camera calibration matrix ܭ together with distortion parameters does not in general describe the correspondence between points in the world and points in the image •Instead it describes the correspondence between points in the world and points in a undistorted image - an image where the distortion effects have been removed

Does not satisfy ࢛෥=ܴܭ

Satisfies ࢛෥=ܴܭ

Image from a non

-projective camera

Equivalent projective

-camera image

Images: http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/hzbook/

4

Undistortion

•So earlier when we estimated homographies between overlapping images, we should really have been

working with undistorted images! •How to undistort? -Matlab [undist_img,newOrigin] = undistortImage(img,cameraParams); undistortedPoints = undistortPoints(points,cameraParams); -OpenCV cv::undistort(img, undist_img, P, distCoeffs);

•The effect of undistortion is that we get an image or a set of points that satisfy the perspective camera

model ࢛ much better than the original image or points -So we can continue working with the simple model 5

Camera calibration

•Camera calibration is the process of estimating the matrix ܭ we use to describe radial/tangential distortion •We have seen how ܭ can be found directly from the camera matrix ܲ •The estimation of distortion parameters can be baked into this •One of the most common calibration algorithms was proposed by Zhegyou Zhang in the paper ''A

Flexible New Technique for Camera Calibration

'' in 2000 -OpenCV: calibrateCamera -Matlab: Camera calibration app •This calibration algorithm makes use of multiple images of a asymmetric chessboard 6

Zhang's method in short

•Zhang's method requires that the calibration object is planar •Then the 3D-2D relationship is described by a homography 123
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Zhang's method in short

•This observation puts 2 constraints on the intrinsic parameters due to the fact that ܴ •Where ܪ and ܭ 1 1212
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Zhang's method in short

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Zhang's method in short

•If we denote •Thus we have 11 12 21 22
31 13
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then ij ij ij ij TT iji j ij ij ij ij ij ij hh hh hh hhBhh hh hh hh hhéù êú+êúêú+êúêúëûvh h vb

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Zhang's method in short

•Given ܰ of linear equations which can be solved by SVD when ܰ •From the estimated ࢈ we can recover all the intrinsic parameters •The distortion coefficients are then estimated solving a linear least-squares problem •Finally all parameters are refined iteratively •More details in Zhang's paper 11

Camera calibration in practice

•OpenCV -Camera calibration tutorial -We'll test it out in the lab •Matlab -App: Camera Calibrator -This opens a new window 12

Camera calibration in practice

•Add Images and specify the size of the chessboard squares -Chessboard detection starts 13

Camera calibration in practice

•Add Images and specify the size of the chessboard squares -Chessboard detection starts •Inspect the correctness of detection and choose what to estimate -2/3 radial distortion coeffs? -Tangential distortion? -Skew? •Calibrate 14

Camera calibration in practice

•Add Images and specify the size of the chessboard squares -Chessboard detection starts •Inspect the correctness of detection and choose what to estimate -2/3 radial distortion coeffs? -Tangential distortion? -Skew? •Calibrate •Export to a Matlab variable 15

Camera calibration in practice

•Add Images and specify the size of the chessboard squares -Chessboard detection starts •Inspect the correctness of detection and choose what to estimate -2/3 radial distortion coeffs? -Tangential distortion? -Skew? •Calibrate •Export to a Matlab variable 16quotesdbs_dbs8.pdfusesText_14
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