[PDF] OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE TOOLS AND RESOURCES HANDBOOK 2020





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OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE TOOLS AND RESOURCES HANDBOOK 2020 2

OPEN SOURCE INTELLIGENCE

TOOLS AND RESOURCES HANDBOOK

2020

Aleksandra Bielska

Noa Rebecca Kurz, Yves Baumgartner, Vytenis Benetis 3

Foreword

I am delighted to share with you the 2020 edition of the OSINT Tools and Reso urces Handbook. Once again, the Handbook has been revised and updated to reflect the evolution of this discipline, an d the many strategic, operational and techni cal challenges OSINT practitioners have to grapple with. Given the speed of change on the web, some might question the wisdom of pulling together such a resource. What's wrong with the Top 10 tools, or the Top 100? There are only so many resources one can boo kmark after all. Su ch arguments are not without merit. My fear, however, is that they are also shortsighted. I offer four reasons why. To begin, a shortlist betrays the widening spectrum of OSINT practice. Whereas OSINT was once the preserve of analysts working in national security, it now embraces a growing class of professionals in fields as diverse as journalism, cybersecurity, investment research, crisis management and human rights. A limited toolkit can never satisfy all of these constituencies. Second, a good OSINT practitioner is someone who is comfortable working with different tools, sources and col lection strateg ies. The temptation toward narrow sp ecialisation in OSINT is one that has to be resisted. Why? Because no research task is ever as tidy as the customer's requirements are likely to suggest. Third, is the inevitable realisation that good tool awareness is equivalent to good source awareness. Indeed, the right tool can determine whether you harvest the right information. It follows that the more tools you h ave in yo ur portfolio, the mo re flexible your OSINT capabilities are likely to be. Finally, the process of compiling this handbook is an intelligence exercise in its own right, alerting us to where we are at as a community and the challenges we are likely to face going forward - not least of which are disinformation, the fracturing of the internet, the proliferation of niche social media platforms, and the urgent need for better tools to monitor and analyse the content they provide. Our hope is that this Handbook helps you plug any gaps in your collection efforts and alerts you to the many tools and resources you can consult for better intelligence, including on the discipline of OSINT itself. Of course, the Handbook makes no claim to being complete. Something new will doubtless pop-up tomorrow, and I suspect there are hundreds of tools we haven't even come across at all. With your help, we can address any omissions. In any event, the usual caveats apply. While every effort has been made to test and validate these resources, we caution that today's wonder tool may be tomorrow's security liability. Thus, whenever testing a new script, application or browser extension, please do so in a secure environment to minimise any risk to your assets or operations. 4 I wo uld like to thank m y colleague s at i-intelligence for their efforts in compilin g this Handbook. Much of the credit belongs to Aleksandra Bielska who, as our Head of Training, evaluates hundreds of tools every year to determine which ones make it into our courses. I am also indebted to Yves Baumgartner and Vytenis Benetis for routinely updating us on new solutions. Thanks too are also due to Noa Kurz who worked tirelessly over the summer to help us get this document ready. I close by acknowledging the contributions of the many students, practitioners and Twitter followers we've interacted with over the past two years. Your generosity, insights, suggestions and support are much appreciated.

Chris Pallaris

Director, i-intelligence GmbH

5

Table of Contents

Foreword ............................................................................................................................. 3

Search Tools ..................................................................................................................... 17

General Search .......................................................................................................................... 17

Meta Search ............................................................................................................................... 18

Visual Search and Clustering Search Engines ......................................................................... 20

Decentralised Search Engines .................................................................................................. 21

Charitable Search Engines ........................................................................................................ 22

Code Search .............................................................................................................................. 23

File and FTP Search ................................................................................................................... 25

Open Database, Directories and Services Search .................................................................. 26

Similar Sites Search ................................................................................................................... 27

Children-Friendly Search Engines ............................................................................................ 28

National Search Engine Directories ......................................................................................... 29

Custom Search ........................................................................................................................... 30

Specialty Search Engines .......................................................................................................... 31

Search Tools ............................................................................................................................... 32

Social Media ..................................................................................................................... 34

Major Social Networks .............................................................................................................. 34

Social Media Search and Monitoring ...................................................................................... 37

Working with Hashtags ............................................................................................................. 39

Finding Influencers and Other Social Media Users ................................................................ 41

Social Media Management and Content Discovery ............................................................... 42

Social Media Analytics .............................................................................................................. 43

Social Media Tools: Twitter ...................................................................................................... 44

Social Media Tools: Facebook ................................................................................................. 49

Social Media Tools: Instagram ................................................................................................. 51

6

Social Media Tools: Pinterest ................................................................................................... 55

Social Media Tools: Reddit ....................................................................................................... 56

Social Media Tools: Voat .......................................................................................................... 59

Social Media Tools: VKontakte ................................................................................................. 60

Social Media Tools: LinkedIn .................................................................................................... 61

Social Media Tools: Github ...................................................................................................... 63

Social Media Tools: TikTok ....................................................................................................... 65

Messaging and Chat Tools ....................................................................................................... 66

Social Media Tools: Snapchat .................................................................................................. 68

Social Media Tools: WhatsApp ................................................................................................ 69

Social Media Tools: Skype ........................................................................................................ 70

Social Media Tools: Kik ............................................................................................................. 71

Social Media Tools: Telegram .................................................................................................. 72

Social Media Tools: IRC ............................................................................................................ 74

Dating Apps and Sites .............................................................................................................. 75

Fitness Apps and Communities ............................................................................................... 76

Working with Blogs .......................................................................................................... 77

Blog Search ................................................................................................................................ 77

Working with Forums ....................................................................................................... 78

Forum, Newsgroup and Discussion Board Search Tools ....................................................... 78

Working with Chan Boards .............................................................................................. 79

Chan Search Tools ..................................................................................................................... 79

Working with Q&A Sites .................................................................................................. 80

Q&A Sites ................................................................................................................................... 80

People Investigations ....................................................................................................... 81

People Search Tools ................................................................................................................. 81

Name Research .......................................................................................................................... 84

Public Records ........................................................................................................................... 85

Document Checking ................................................................................................................. 87

Ancestry Research ..................................................................................................................... 88

Missing People .......................................................................................................................... 89

Address and Contact Information Search ............................................................................... 91

Contact Detail Recovery Apps ................................................................................................. 93

7

Investigating Phone Numbers .................................................................................................. 95

Cell Tower Search ...................................................................................................................... 99

E-mail Search ........................................................................................................................... 100

Validating E-mails .................................................................................................................... 102

Analysing E-mails ..................................................................................................................... 104

Analysing E-mail Headers ....................................................................................................... 105

Matching E-mails to Social Media Profiles ............................................................................ 106

IP Grabbers and E-mail Trackers ............................................................................................ 107

Username Check ..................................................................................................................... 108

CV and Resume Search ........................................................................................................... 110

Expert Search ........................................................................................................................... 111

Business Research .......................................................................................................... 113

Company Search Tools ........................................................................................................... 113

Business Registers Lists and Directories ................................................................................ 117

Job Search Resources ............................................................................................................. 118

Company Reviews ................................................................................................................... 120

Salary Search ............................................................................................................................ 121

Patent Research ....................................................................................................................... 123

Trademark Search .................................................................................................................... 125

Tenders ..................................................................................................................................... 127

Charity, NGO, and Nonprofit Research ................................................................................. 129

Researching Leaks ................................................................................................................... 131

Real Estate Research ...................................................................................................... 132

Real Estate Research ............................................................................................................... 132

Online Marketplaces ...................................................................................................... 135

Classifieds and Online Marketplaces ..................................................................................... 135

Cryptocurrency and Banking Research ........................................................................ 138

Cryptocurrency Research ........................................................................................................ 138

Banking and Credit Card Information ................................................................................... 141

Currency Conversion ............................................................................................................... 143

Legal Research ............................................................................................................... 144

Legal Research Tools and Resources .................................................................................... 144

8

Researching Countries ................................................................................................... 147

Country Profiles ....................................................................................................................... 147

Researching Terrorism, Crime, and Cybersecurity ...................................................... 148

Researching Terrorism ............................................................................................................ 148

Researching Crime .................................................................................................................. 151

Researching Drug Trade ......................................................................................................... 153

Researching Money Laundering and Corruption ................................................................. 154

Researching Human Trafficking ............................................................................................. 155

Requests for User Information: Information for Law Enforcement ...................................... 158

Researching Cybersecurity ..................................................................................................... 159

Military Research ..................................................................................................................... 161

Crisis Alerts and Travel Advisory ............................................................................................ 163

Researching Stolen Items .............................................................................................. 164

Researching Stolen Items ....................................................................................................... 164

Transportation ................................................................................................................ 166

Airplanes, Airports and Flight Trackers ................................................................................. 166

Drones ...................................................................................................................................... 169

Cars ........................................................................................................................................... 171

Railways .................................................................................................................................... 173

Public Transport ....................................................................................................................... 176

Ships ......................................................................................................................................... 178

Container and Cargo Tracking ............................................................................................... 181

Web Intelligence ............................................................................................................ 182

Researching Domains ............................................................................................................. 182

IP / IPv6 ..................................................................................................................................... 187

SEO Tools ................................................................................................................................ 191

Analysing Unique IDs .............................................................................................................. 193

Subdomain Enumeration ........................................................................................................ 194

Identifying Backlinks ................................................................................................................ 195

Site Mapping Tools ................................................................................................................. 196

Identifying Publish Date .......................................................................................................... 197

Extracting Files ........................................................................................................................ 198

Analysing URLs ........................................................................................................................ 199

9

Identifying Technologies Behind Websites .......................................................................... 200

Finding SSL Certificates .......................................................................................................... 201

Checking Website Status ........................................................................................................ 202

HTTPS Status ........................................................................................................................... 203

Researching Cyber Threats ..................................................................................................... 204

IoT Search Engines .................................................................................................................. 208

Exploit Search Engines ........................................................................................................... 209

General Webint Tools and Toolkits ....................................................................................... 210

Multipurpose OSINT Frameworks ......................................................................................... 212

Web History and Site Capture ............................................................................................... 214

Wifi Search ............................................................................................................................... 217

Dark Web ........................................................................................................................ 218

Researching the Dark Web ..................................................................................................... 218

Alternatives to Tor ................................................................................................................... 220

Event Search ................................................................................................................... 221

Event Search ............................................................................................................................ 221

Working with Images ..................................................................................................... 222

Image Search and Reverse Image Search ............................................................................. 222

Searching within Screenshots ................................................................................................. 225

Facial Recognition ................................................................................................................... 226

Logo Search and Identification Tools .................................................................................... 227

Investigating Objects and Symbols ....................................................................................... 228

Image Analysis ......................................................................................................................... 229

Stock Images ............................................................................................................................ 232

Image and Photo Editing ........................................................................................................ 234

Creating World Clouds ........................................................................................................... 237

OCR and Image Translation Tools ......................................................................................... 238

Other Image Processing Tools ............................................................................................... 239

Working with Videos ...................................................................................................... 240

Video Search and Reverse Video Search ............................................................................... 240

Live Streaming and Webcams ................................................................................................ 242

YouTube Tools ......................................................................................................................... 245

General Video Downloaders and Archivers .......................................................................... 247

10

Downloading Videos from YouTube ..................................................................................... 249

Downloading Videos from Twitter ......................................................................................... 250

Downloading Videos from Facebook .................................................................................... 251

Downloading Videos from Instagram .................................................................................... 252

Downloading Videos from TikTok .......................................................................................... 253

Downloading Videos from Pinterest ...................................................................................... 254

Downloading Videos from Reddit .......................................................................................... 255

Video Players ........................................................................................................................... 256

Video Editors and Converters ................................................................................................ 257

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