[PDF] arXiv:190513589v2 [physicsatom-ph] 28 Aug 2019

Does a photon propagator exist?

In fact, a photon propagator cannot exist until we remove some of the gauge freedom of , i.e. the inverse of the ``momentum space operator'' does not exist. If we chose to work in the Lorentz class of gauges with , the wave equation simplifies to Since , the propagator (the inverse of the momentum space operator multiplied by ) is

How is a photon generated?

A "photon" (that we perceive as a "particle) is generated by a change in the energy state of an electron. As the electron moves from a high energy state to a low energy state the energy that is lost by the electron is the "photon".

Who invented photons?

Physicists have considered massive photons for decades, starting with Alexandru Proca in 1930, who wrote down the modified form of Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism to allow them. Later, Hideki Yukawa used Proca’s work as an inspiration for his Nobel Prize-winning research into nuclear forces.

What is photon propulsion?

The term photon propulsion seems quite new but it was first introduced in 1960 to make photon propulsion rockets. A kind of rockets that uses the momentum of light particles to travel fast in space. According to the third law of Newton, every action has an equal and opposite reaction or simply momentum is always conserved.