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Pensées - Early Modern Texts

Pensées

Blaise Pascal

Copyright © Jonathan Bennett 2017. All rights reserved

[Brackets]enclose editorial explanations. Small·dots·enclose material that has been added, but can be read as

though it were part of the original text. Occasional•bullets, and also indenting of passages that are not quotations,

are meant as aids to grasping the structure of a sentence or a thought. Everyfour-point ellipsis .... indicates

the omission of a brief passage that seems to present more difficulty than it is worth. Anythree-point ellipsis

...is in the original; there are many of these at the starts of sentences and in ones that tail off, uncompleted.

Longer omissions are reported between brackets in normal-sized type.-The title means 'Thoughts"; but English

writers always use the French title. The division into Sections, and their titles, come from the 1897 edition

by Léon Brunschvicg, which has been the basis for most editions in the past century. The 1976 edition by

Philippe Sellier reflects, as Brunschvicg"s doesn"t, facts about the condition and order in which Pascal left the

papers making up thePensées; but Brunschvicg"s, followed here, is more likely to meet the philosophical needs

of users of this website. There is a note on Sellier before item 196.-Roger Ariew has done, and Hackett has

published, a good English translation based on Sellier, notes in which have been gratefully consulted in making

the present version.-Each item (numbered in bold type) was in some way marked off as a unit in Pascal"s papers,

but their numbers and order are Brunschvicg"s.-Passages left in French or Latin, and given slightly smaller

type, are rather random notes and quotes that are obscure and/or have little chance of being philosophically

instructive.-Many of the items have headings such as 'Cause and effect" (seven times), "Diversion" (six times), and

so on. This version omits those (the majority) that don"t give help in understanding the items in question.-Pascal

presents many of his items as biblical quotations for which he gives references. Translations of these are based

on what he wrote, not on what the King James version of the Bible has; there is often a considerable difference,

notably in the quotations from the book of Isaiah in Section 11.

First launched: 2020

PenséesBlaise PascalContents

Section 1: Thoughts on mind and style (1-59)1

Section 2: The misery of man without God (60-183)8

Section 3: The need to make the bet (184-241)30

Section 4: The routes to belief (242-290)42

Section 5: Justice. The causes of effects (291-338)50

Section 6: The philosophers (339-423)57

Section 7: Morality and doctrine (425-555)65

Section 8: The fundamentals of the Christian religion (556-588) 88

Section 9: Perpetuity (589-640)94

Section 10: Symbols (641-692)105

Section 11: The prophecies (693-736)114

Section 12: Proofs of Jesus-Christ (737-802)127

Section 13: The miracles (803-856)136

Section 14: Polemical fragments (857-924)146

PenséesBlaise PascalGlossary

animal spirits:This stuff was supposed to be super-fluid matter to which Descartes and others attributed work that is in fact done by nerves. In 368 Pascal is exclaiming at the idea that•pleasure might be thought to be nothing but•a process in the body. apathy: Translatesparesse; often translated as 'laziness" or 'sloth", But Ariew argues persuasively that 'apathy" is truer to Pascal"s thought. art: Anything involving rules, techniques, skills of the sort that one might acquire through training. boredom : This regularly translatesennui, a word that can also mean 'weariness", 'fed-up-ness", and so on. casuist: A theologian who resolves cases of conscience, duty etc. (OED) cupidity: Translatescupidité; 'greed" would do as well, but that has been reserved forconcupiscience. curiosity:

In English and in French[curiosité]this tended

to mean a generaldesire to know; the word didn"t have the mildly trivialising sense that it does today. diversion:

Pascal holds that we avoid thinking about our

miserable selves by going in fordiversions, entertainments, which do the work ofdivertingour minds from our condition. This semi-pun is also present in the Frenchdivertissement anddivertir.

Escobar:

Antonio Escobar y Mendoza was a Spanish Jesuit

priest whose voluminous writings on morality were regarded by many, emphatically including Pascal, as far too lax.

Eucharist:

'The Christian sacrament in which bread and wine are consecrated and consumed as Christ"s body and blood, to be a memorial of his sacrifice on the cross." (OED)

When on page

44

Pascal says that the Eucharist 'isn"t seen",

he means that Christ"s body isn"t seen to be present when the ceremony is performed. evil:

This means merely 'something bad". In French the

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