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NationalAfricanLan guage

ResourceCenter(N ALRC) Studying

ti grin ya in theU.S.

Michigan

StateUniversity

Summer

CooperativeAfricanLanguage

Institute

(SCALI)

PEBMEIS9

19IBQ9B@"/QGPQM@

Tigrinya

languageisthemostwidelyusedinEritrea;it is adesignatedworkinglanguageinthecountry.

Approximately

halfofthepopulationofEritreais

Tigrinya

speakingChristianswhotraditionally inhabited thecoreplateau.TheotherhalfareMuslims who groups suchasTigre,Afar,Saho,KunamaandArabic. The

Eritreans,locallyknownasErtrawyan,have

valuable resourcessuchaspotashdeposits,gold,iron, copper, zinc,saltandpossiblypetroleum.These resources havesupportedalargelyagriculturalwayof life fortheEritreans.

Tigrinya

isalsospokenbytheTigreansinthenorthern region ofEthiopiawhoseculturalheritageisfoundin their

Ethiopians

placemoreimportanceonanidealized ethos ofculturalrefinementthanonartifactsof culture.

Thisisreflectedintheirrespectforhuman

sanctity, of with thebasictenetsofmorality.Theyconsiderthe invocation ofGodasthebestmeansofsealing agreements, deliveringpromises,andseekingjustifiable redress foranywrongdoing.Ethiopiancultureisrich in expression ofgraceinsocialrelations.Thepeopleof

Ethiopia

bestowagreatdealofrespectonoldage because ofthepiety,wisdom,knowledge,prudenceand altruism thataccompanysuchprominenceinthe society.

TheearlyadventofChristianityinthecountry

promoted arichEcclesiasticalarchitecture,withits structures andfrescoesreflectingsomeinfluencesfrom the

ByzantineandtheCopticChurch.

6EBM@9IR KH9IEIPM9;EPE KI 9G;M@NN

WhoSpeakstigrinya?

PeopleandHistory

Tigrinya

languageisspokenintheHornregion of

Africaasaprimarylanguagebythemajorityof

the inhabitantsofEritreaandtheinhabitantsof the

TigrayregionofNorthernEthiopia.About

3.5 millionpeopleinEritreaandcloseto5 million peopleinEthiopiaspeakTigrinya.The history ofthetwocountriesiscloselylinked.The

Tigrinya

(Tigrean)peoplearedescendantsof early

Semiticpeopleswhoarerelatedto,or

descended from,theSabaean (Sheban) people.LegendhasitthatEmperor

Menelik

I,thechildbornoftheQueenofSheba

and

KingSolomon,wasthefirstofthe

Solomonic

lineofrulersofEthiopiathatended with thedeposingofEmperorHaileSelassiein 1974.
The majorityofEritreansareTigrinyaspeakers. The peopleofEritreaareknowninhistoryby their coastallocation,whichgavethemtheir name, anItalianizedversionofMare

Erythraeum,

theLatinversionfor "Red Sea." The

RedSeawastheroutethattheChristianand

the

Islamreligionstookinordertointroduce

their respectivereligionstotheEritreanpeople. The routewasalsoimportantfortrade.Theports were usedforhavingaccesstothegold,coffee, and slavessoldbytradersintheEthiopian highlands tothesouth.EritreawasanItalian colony, federatedwithEthiopiafollowingWorld

WarTwo,andincorporatedintoEthiopiain

1962.

Eritreabecame

asovereigncountryin1993 after nearlythree-decadesofwarfor independence.WhyStudyTigrinya?

Tigrinya

(ti-GRIN-yuh)isspokeninEritreaand

Ethiopia

intheHornregionofAfrica.TheTigrinya (also referredtoasTigrean)peoplearedecendants of Horn ofAfricanabout1000BC.Tigrinyaisthe primary languageofthepeople.Theirsecond languages areTigre,ArabicandEnglishinEritrea, and

AmharicandEnglishintheTigrayregionof

northern

Ethiopia.Tigrinyalanguagemeans"the

language oftheTigraypeople"andisspokenbythe majority oftheinhabitantsofEritreaandthe inhabitants oftheTigrayregionofEthiopia.

Tigrinya

hasitsownalphabetderivedfromGe"ez, an oldSemiticlanguagenotcurrentlyspokenbut used inchurchservicesbytheCopticChurch. The knowledgeofTigrinyalanguageisessentialto students inthefieldofLinguistics,Anthropology,

Sociology,

Historyandresearcherswhoplanto

conduct researchinEritreaandEthiopia.

Missionaries

willfindTigrinyaquiteusefulin evangelical workbecausethefaithoftheCoptic

Church

isintimatelywovenintothecultureofthe

Tigrinya-speaking

peopleandtheirwayoflife.Such cultural intimacywiththechurchthatcouldbeof interest includestheArkoftheCovenantandthe law-oriented emphasisonobservanceofworship and prescribedprayers.Internationalworkers, diplomats, andPeaceCorpsvolunteerswillfind

Tigrinya

languagehelpfulincommunicativeand collaborative activitieswithEritreanandEthiopian cultures.

Tigrinya,alongwithArabic,isthe

officially designatedworkinglanguageinEritrea.

Remains

ofancientempires,suchastheAxumite

Kingdom

intheTigrayregionofnorthernEthiopia, and speaking regionsofbothEritreaandEthiopia, which shouldbeofinteresttohistoriansand anthropologists.

Tigrean schoolchildren.

Tigrean elder.

Playing the krar, a traditional East African lyre.

RuralTigrean woman and baby.

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