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high carbon steels‟, submitted to the Journal of Powder Metallurgy, London‟ UK, July A K Sinha, Physical metallurgy handbook, 2003, New York ; London:

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POWDER METALLURGY

Edited by

Katsuyoshi Kondoh

Powder Metallurgy

Edited by Katsuyoshi Kondoh

Published by InTech

Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia

Copyright © 2012 InTech

All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.

Notice

Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.

Publishing Process Manager Daria Nahtigal

Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic

Cover Designer InTech Design Team

First published February, 2012

Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org

Powder Metallurgy, Edited by Katsuyoshi Kondoh

p. cm.

ISBN 978-953-51-0071-3

Contents

Preface VII

Chapter 1 Selection of Best Formulation for Semi-Metallic

Brake Friction Materials Development 1

Talib Ria Jaafar, Mohmad Soib Selamat and Ramlan Kasiran Chapter 2 Porous Metals and Metal Foams Made from Powders 31

Andrew Kennedy

Chapter 3 Aluminium Alloy Foams: Production and Properties 47

Isabel Duarte and Mónica Oliveira

Chapter 4 The Fabrication of Porous Barium Titanate

Ceramics via Pore-Forming Agents (PFAs)

for Thermistor and Sensor Applications 73

Burcu Ertu

Chapter 5 Hybrid Gas Atomization for Powder Production 99 Udo Fritsching and Volker Uhlenwinkel

Preface

From high-performance, economical and environmental points of view, Powder metallurgy process shows remarkable advantages in production of parts and components due to their special compositions by elemental mixing and 3-dimensional near net shape forming methods. Powder metallurgy process can be applied to not only metal materials but also ceramics and organic materials, which both are employed as structural and electrical products. Author contributions to Powder metallurgy present excellent and significantly important research topics to evaluate various properties and performance of P/M materials for applying these materials as actual components. In particular, the life estimation of P/M ferrous materials by sliding contact fatigue test and tribological performance evaluation of P/M semi- metallic materials are focused and introduced in this book.

Katsuyoshi Kondoh

Joining and Welding Research Institute (JWRI)

Osaka University

Japan 1

Selection of Best Formulation for Semi-Metallic

Brake Friction Materials Development

Talib Ria Jaafar

1 , Mohmad Soib Selamat 1 and Ramlan Kasiran 2 1 Advanced Materials Centre, SIRIM Berhad, 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3,

Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim,

2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Technology MARA, ShahAlam

Malaysia

1. Introduction

Brake friction materials play an important role in braking system. They convert the kinetic energy of a moving car to thermal energy by friction during braking process. The ideal brake friction material should have constant coefficient of friction under various operating conditions such as applied loads, temperature, speeds, mode of braking and in dry or wet conditions so as to maintain the braking characteristics of a vehicle. Besides, it should also posses various desirable properties such as resistance to heat, water and oil, has low wear rate and high thermal stability, exhibits low noise, and does not damage the brake disc. However, it is practically impossible to have all these desired properties. Therefore, some requirements have to be compromised in order to achieve some other requirements. In general, each formulation of friction material has its own unique frictional behaviours and wear-resistance characteristics. Friction material is a heterogeneous material and is composed of a few elements and each element has its own function such as to improve friction property at low and high temperature, increase strength and rigidity, prolong life, reduce porosity, and reduce noise. Changes in element types or weight percentage of the elements in the formulation mayquotesdbs_dbs7.pdfusesText_5