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PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

1

PROG0101

FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING

Chapter 2

Programming Languages

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Topics

Definition of Program, Computer Programming, and

Computer Programmer.

Generations of Programming Language

Types of Programming Language

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Computer Program

A program is a set of instructions following the rules of the chosen language.

Without programs, computers are useless.

A program is like a recipe.

It contains a list of ingredients (called variables) and a list of directions (called statements) that tell the computer what to do with the variables.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Programming Language

A vocabulary and set of grammatical rules (syntax) for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks.

Programming languages can be used to create

computer programs.

The term programming language usually refers to

high-level languages, such as BASIC, C, C++,

COBOL, FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Programming Language

machinelanguagesothatthecomputercan understandit.

Therearetwowaystodothis:

Compiletheprogram

Interprettheprogram

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Programming Language

objectcode.

Thiscanbedonebyusingatoolcalledcompiler.

Acompilerreadsthewholesourcecodeand

newfile.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Programming Language

writteninahigh-levellanguage. andexecutesit.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Computer Programming

thesourcecodeofcomputerprograms.

Thissourcecodeiswritteninaprogramming

languagelikeC++,JAVA,Perletc.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Computer Programmer

Aprogrammerissomeonewhowritescomputer

program. do.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

What Skills are Required to Become a

Programmer?

Programming-Writingcomputerprogramsfor

variouspurposes. sentencesandparagraphsinwork-related documents.

CriticalThinking-Usinglogicandanalysisto

approaches.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

What Skills are Required to Become a

Programmer?

programming.

Mathematics-Knowledgeofnumbers,their

theirapplications.

OralExpression-Theabilitytocommunicate

understand.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

What Skills are Required to Become a

Programmer?

spokenwordsandsentences. informationandideasinwritingsootherswill understand.

WrittenComprehension-Theabilitytoreadand

understandinformationandideaspresentedin writing.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

What Skills are Required to Become a

Programmer?

sense.

InformationOrganization-Findingwaysto

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Generations of Programming Language

levellanguagesthataremachinelanguage.

Thesecondgenerationlanguages,or2GL,are

assemblylanguages. levellanguagessuchasC.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Generations of Programming Language

Thefourthgenerationlanguages,or4GL,are

languagesarecommonlyusedindatabase programmingandscripts.

The fifth generation languages, or 5GL, are

programming languages that contain visual tools to help develop a program. A good example of a fifth generation language is Visual Basic.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Types of Programming Language

Therearethreetypesofprogramminglanguage:

Machinelanguage(Low-levellanguage)

Assemblylanguage(Low-levellanguage)

High-levellanguage

tohumanlanguages.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Machine Language

bitsthatthecomputerreadsandinterprets.

Machinelanguagesaretheonlylanguages

understoodbycomputers.

Whileeasilyunderstoodbycomputers,machine

becausetheyconsistentirelyofnumbers.

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Machine Language

Machine Language

169 1 160 0 153 0 128 153 0 129 153 130 153 0 131

200 208 241 96

High level language

5 FOR I=1 TO 1000: PRINT "A";: NEXT I

PROG0101 Fundamentals of Programming

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Programming Languages

Machine Language

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