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[PDF] Download Object Oriented Python Tutorial - Tutorialspoint
In this tutorial we will try to This tutorial has been prepared for the beginners and intermediate to help them OOP IN PYTHON – ADVANCED FEATURES
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Students will write numerous Python scripts to reinforce the major concepts covered in this course The courses will increase in complexity as more sophisticated
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of Object-Oriented A D and emphasize on OOP programming with Compare Python's OOP methods with other OOP The example in the following can reflect what is the inheritance etc advanced definition that some OOP languages
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Files in: /home/support/public/tutorials/PythonSciComp/ Enthought Python Distribukon / Canopy provides scienkfic and math libraries objects and funckons
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He has gave numerous talks and tutorials in French and international events In other words this book describes how an advanced Python developer works every day Further, a module provides the interpreter base classes (See the code
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15 déc 2013 · And, let me thank the students in my Python classes by hand There are also tools that help with this, for example, SWIG, sip, Pyrex
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17 juil 2000 · O'Reilly OSCON 2000, Advanced Python Programming, Slide 1 July 17, 2000 Disclaimer This tutorial is aimed at an advanced audience Classes The class statement class Account: def __init__(self, initial): self balance
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AdvancedPythonforScien2ficCompu2ng
MichaelMilligan
milligan@msi.umn.eduFollowalong!Togetthemostoutofthis...
• BasicknowledgeofPython • WorkingPythoninstall(feelfreetouseours!) - EnthoughtPythonDistribuCon/Canopyprovides scienCficandmathlibrariespre-installed • MSIlogin+SSHorNX• Followalong!WhyPythonforScienCficCompuCng?
• Rapiddevelopment - Easy,readablesyntax- VersaCletoolsforexperimentaCon/learning- Comprehensivelibraries • PowerfulFeatures - Processdataatnear"naCvecode"speeds- ExcellentvisualizaConpackages- ComprehensivelibrariesWhenyouleavetoday,youshouldbeableto...
• PrograminteracCvelywithipython• understandthebasicsofnumpyandscipy• Efficientlycomputewithlargearraysofdata• Loadandsavedatato/fromfilesondisk• Usematplotlibtoplotdata• TakeadvantageofsupercompuCngresourceswith
parallelcompu2ng • KnowwheretoturnformorehelpwiththesetopicsDetails
• WearedescribingEnthoughtPythonDistribuCon. - EssenCally:Pre-assembledcompilaConofPython2.7+ numpy,scipy,otherusefullibraries - Freeforacademicuse,abasicversionisfreefornon- commercialuse - Yourcomputers,departments,etcmayhaveadifferent • InMSI:moduleloadpython-epdWorkshopConvenCons
• UNIXshellcommandsareindicatedwiththepercentsign. • IPythoninterpreter commandshaveIn/Outlabels • NeithersignindicatesIPython:InteracCvePython
• PowerfulenvironmentforinteracCvework • Runas"ipython"from anyterminal • --pylabopConauto- loadsnumpy,setsupgraphicsforploang • Inspectanyobjectwith "?"orhelp()IPython:InteracCvePython
• BuildupaworkspaceofobjectsandfuncCons • Fullhistoryaccess throughOut[],%recall,up/downarrowkeys • %load,%edit,or%run externalfiles • Lotsmore,type%magicNumPyandSciPy
• NumPyprovides:• thebasicarrayandmatrixdatatypes• EfficientimplementaConsoflow-levelmathoperaCons• Alargelibraryofhigh-levelmathfuncConsbuiltfrom
efficientprimiCves • SciPyprovides: • Ahomeforawidevarietyofopen-sourcemathemaCcal andscienCficalgorithms • ModulesforopCmizaCon,signalprocessing,linear algebra,staCsCcs,interpolaCon,andmoreNumPyarrays
• ArraydatatypewithvectorizedoperaCons(similartoMatlaborIDL) • SupportssameoperaConsasPythonlisttype
• ...excepteveryelementisof samedatatype • ...sotheycanbestoredin memorypackedlikeCarraysNumPyarraysarefast
Here we are comparing a "pure Python" loop to the equivalent in numpyMulCdimensionalarrays
• NumPyarraysarerectanglesinarbitrarilymanydimensions • +-*/operate element-by-elementforsame-shapearraysArrayslicing
• IndexnotaCongivesaccesstoany"slice"ofanarray • Arrayslicescanbe assigned-thischangestheoriginalarray • X=M[1,:,:].copy() wouldavoidchangingMOthercommonmethods
• Numpyarrayshavemanyusefulbuilt-inmethodsOthercommonmethods
• ...andthenumpymoduleprovidesmoreCondiConsandtests
• Vectorizedlogicaloperators+indexingfuncCons • Outputofindex funcConscanbeusedtoslicearraysCondiConsandtests
• Vectorizedlogicaloperators+indexingfuncCons • Outputofindex funcConscanbeusedtoslicearraysMoreusefulnumpymodules
• numpy.fft-FFTs,forward/inverse,1-DandN-D • numpy.random-generaterandomnumbers,many distribuConstochoosefrom • numpy.matrix-specialarraysthatobeymatrixmath• numpy.polynomial-moduleforrepresenCngand manipulaCngarbitrarypolynomialsPloangmadeeasy
• Matplotlibprovideshigh-quality2-D(andsome3-D)ploang • DisplayinwindoworoutputtoPDF,SVG,PNG,etc• Implementedasmodularobject-orientedsystem • PylabprovidesaMatlab-ishinteracCve interfacetoMatplotlib • Accesswithipython--pylab• DefaultstopoppingupplotsinaseparatewindowSomebasicexamples...
Someadvancedexamples...
• Theseexamplesarefromthematplotlib.orgexamplessecCon...Someadvancedexamples...
Someadvancedexamples...
Someadvancedexamples...
Someadvancedexamples...
SciPyexpandsthemenu
• Clusteringalgorithms(scipy.cluster)• IntegraConandODEs(scipy.integrate)• InterpolaCon(scipy.interpolate)• Inputandoutput(scipy.io)• Linearalgebra(scipy.linalg)• MulC-dimensionalimageprocessing(scipy.ndimage)• OpCmizaConandrootfinding(scipy.opCmize)• Signalprocessing(scipy.signal)• Sparsematrices(scipy.sparse)• SpaCalalgorithmsanddatastructures(scipy.spaCal)• SpecialfuncCons(scipy.special)• StaCsCcalfuncCons(scipy.stats)• Andthensome...
SciPyisalsofast
• MostSciPyrouCnesusefastNumPylow-levelmathoperaCons • SomeSciPyrouCnesusehighlyopCmized externallibraries - E.g.scipy.linalglinkstoBLAS,LAPACKorMKL behindthescenesDataondisk
• Chancesareyouwanttoloadandsavedata • numpyandscipy.ioofferavarietyoffaciliCesDataondisk:textfiles
• Verycommonforsmallerdatasets:simplecolumnsofnumbers • numpy.loadtxt()-simpleinterface,gooddefaults• numpy.genfromtxt()-morecomplex,handlesDataondisk:textfiles
• Numpy.savetxt()-writetocolumnsofnumbersDataondisk:binaryformats
• Binarydataismuchmorescalable• Smallerfilesondisk• Fastertoloadandsave• Maybenecessarytoexchangedatawithothersopware• SCcktoportable(machine-independent)formats
Dataondisk:binaryformats
• NumPyna2veformat(.npy)• numpy.load()andnumpy.save()• Orusenumpy.savez()tostoremanyarraysincompressed.npz• Fast,portable,butmostlyonlysupportedbyPython
• scipy.io.matlab-supportforMatlab(.mat) • scipy.io.loadmat()andscipy.io.savemat() • scipy.io.idl-read(nosave)IDL.savfiles • scipy.io.readsav()Dataondisk:binaryformats
• Manystandardformatssupported• scipy.io.netcdf-NetCDF3interface• h5pyexposesHDF5API• PyTablesisanexcellenthigh-levelinterfacetoHDF5• pyfitsforFITSdatasets• Etc...
ScalingupwithparallelizaCon
• Forbigjobsyouwilleventuallywanttoparallelizeyourcode • ThePythoninterpreterhastroublewith mulCthreading-mulC-processisusuallybest • Approachdependsontheproblemyouneed tosolveParallelprocesses
• Manyjobsneedtoprocesslotsofdata,don'tneedtocommunicateamongstthemselves • SomeCmescalled"embarrassinglyparallel"• GNUParallel--asimplewaytolaunchjobs • Launchonejobforeveryfileinadir,lineinafile,etc• CanworkwithPBSonitascatousemanynodesGNUParallelexample
GNUParallelexample
• -jshouldmatchppn(unlessyouknowwhatyou'redoing)-thisisprocessespernode • Willrunonejobperlineofinputonstdinorin argfile-maxofnodes*ppnrunningatonce • See"manparallel"formorefeaturesMPIforPython
• MPI"MessagePassingInterface"enablesparallelprocessestocommunicateefficiently • Commonlyoneprocesswillbe"controller"and manageworkerprocesses• Inherentsupportforscaser-gatheroperaCons• MPIiswell-supportedonourclusters• mpi4pyinterfacestoMPIfrominsidePython• CaveatforMPIgurus:numpydoesnothave
Examplewithmpi4py
• Simple"Helloworld"scriptExamplewithmpi4py
• Simple"Helloworld"scriptMorewithmpi4py
• PossibletopassnumpyarrayslikebuffersMorewithmpi4py
• Alsoworkswith(pickle-able)Pythonobjects • MuchslowerthanC-basedarrays,butveryconvenientToomuchtocover...
• Ipythonnotebook-connecttoipythonwithabrowserforaMathemaCca-likenotebookinterface• PyCUDAandPyOpenCL-GPUcompuCng• SymPy-MathemaCca-stylesymbolicmath• DatabasesareeasytoconnecttoPython;or
IPythonnotebookexample
• Example:IPythonnotebookwithpylabandsympy • notebookcreates graphicalloginabrowser • sympy:symbolicCAS• Totrythis:CommunityandDocumentaCon
• AcCvelydevelopedandsupported• ExcellentdocumentaCon• www.python.org/doc• Scipy.org• wiki.scipy.org• Ipython.org• matplotlib.org• Mpi4py.scipy.org