[PDF] [PDF] 211 Introduction Carboxylic Acids 211 Introduction Carboxylic

[PDF] REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & DERIVATIVES

Reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives (acyl halides, anhydrides, esters, amides) resemble those of ketones and aldehydes, but replacement ( 

[PDF] carboxylic acids and their derivatives - Caltech Authors

\ f acid dissociation and solvolytic reactions 8 0 0 sop b R-C Reactions at the carbonyl carbon 

[PDF] Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Write a detailed stepwise mechanism of the reaction taking place between acetyl chloride and water 298 Page 16 Conversion of Esters to Amides (Ammonolysis

[PDF] Organic Chemistry II / CHEM 252 Chapter 18 – Carboxylic Acids and

of a family of compounds called acyl compounds or carboxylic acid derivatives By Oxidation of Methyl Ketones (The Haloform Reaction) – By Hydrolysis of 

[PDF] Carboxylic acid Derivatives

Therefore acid halides are very reactive toward nucleophilic attack, and the overall reaction is nucleophilic acyl substitution since the chloride is a good leaving 

[PDF] CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES Prof RN Goyal

The last reaction is called esterification as it converts acid to its ester derivative If vapours of acetic acid are passed over a heated catalyst at higher temperature ( 

[PDF] Carboxylic Acids & Their Derivatives

When a carboxylic acid group is connected to a ring, the compound is named as In the previous section, we learned about the reaction between a carboxylic 

[PDF] Chemistry 204: Carboxylic Acids and their Derivatives

Thus, carboxylic acids exhibit appreciable acidity and react with relatively weak bases to form salts The fact that these salts are soluble in water provides a 

[PDF] 211 Introduction Carboxylic Acids 211 Introduction Carboxylic

25 avr 2012 · There are also many reactions where carboxylic acids don't change their oxidation state 21 6 Introduction to Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES 1 Carboxylic

The test is negative with phenols; salts of carboxylic and sulfonic acids also give no reaction Amino acids react after addition of formaldehyde (which blocks the 

[PDF] reactions+of+amines+pdf

[PDF] reactivity of amines

[PDF] reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophiles

[PDF] reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives

[PDF] reactivity of haloalkanes

[PDF] reactivity of nucleophilic addition reaction

[PDF] reactivity series of carboxylic acid derivatives

[PDF] read 1408 stephen king online

[PDF] read 20 minutes a day

[PDF] read font free download

[PDF] read inheritance book 4 online free pdf

[PDF] read theory answers

[PDF] read theory answers grade 11

[PDF] read theory answers grade 6

[PDF] read theory answers grade 7

4/25/2012

pharmaceuticals.

21.1IntroductionCarboxylicAcids

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-1TheUSproducesover2.5milliontonsofaceticacidper

21.1IntroductionCarboxylicAcids

-Vinylacetateisusedinpaintsandadhesives.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-2

Monocarboxylicacidsarenamedwiththesuffix

"oic acid."

21.2NomenclatureofCarboxylic

locantposition1.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-3

Whenthecarboxylicacidgroupis

attachedtoaring,it isnamedasan alkanecarboxylicacid.

21.2NomenclatureofCarboxylic

Acids

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-4

Dicarboxylicacidsarenamedwith

thesuffix"dioicacid." acids:21.2NomenclatureofCarboxylic Acids •PracticewithCONCEPTUALCHECKPOINTs

12.1through12.3.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-5

Thecarbonatomofthecarboxylicacid

hasatrigonalplanargeometry.WHY?

21.3StructureandPropertiesof

points. -ConsidertheBPsofaceticacid(118°C)and isopropanol(82°C).

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-6

4/25/2012

21.3StructureandPropertiesof

CarboxylicAcids

withacarboxylicacid.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-7

StructureandPropertiesof

CarboxylicAcids

•p mosrangebe4an5.Whaisp

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-8

HowdoesthepK

a valueforacarboxylicacidcompareto H-Cl

21.3StructureandPropertiesof

CarboxylicAcids

pK a = -7 theacidityofacarboxylicacid? 21.7.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-9

21.3StructureandPropertiesof

CarboxylicAcids

tocalculatethepHofabuffer: •AssumingthepK a is4.3,calculatetheratioof carboxylate/acid.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-10

carboxylateunderphysiologicalconditions.

21.3StructureandPropertiesof

CarboxylicAcids

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-11

onacidity.

21.3StructureandPropertiesof

CarboxylicAcids

•WHY?

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-12

4/25/2012

well.

21.3StructureandPropertiesof

CarboxylicAcids

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-13

tosynthesizecarboxylicacids.

21.4PreparationofCarboxylicAcids

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-14

tosynthesizecarboxylicacids.

21.4PreparationofCarboxylicAcids

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-15

PreparationofCarboxylicAcids

mechanismwillbediscussedlater. stepprocess.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-16

CO 2

21.4PreparationofCarboxylicAcids

-TheGrignardreagentandtheH 3 O cannotbeadded together.WHY?

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-17

intoacarboxylicacid:

21.4PreparationofCarboxylicAcids

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-18

4/25/2012

•LiAlH 4 anacidtoaprimaryalcohol: -TheLAHactsasabasefirst.

21.5ReactionsofCarboxylicAcids

-Then,analdehydeisproduced.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-19

LiAlH 4 anacidtoaprimaryalcohol:

21.5ReactionsofCarboxylicAcids

-Canthereductionbestoppedatthealdehyde?

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-20

thereduction.

21.5ReactionsofCarboxylicAcids

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-21

don'tchangetheiroxidationstate

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

changetheiroxidationstate. theoxidationstate?

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-22

WhenZisaheteroatom,thecompoundiscalleda

carboxylicacidderivative.

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-23

instabilityindetaillaterinthischapter. ld

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

o

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-24

4/25/2012

•AmidesareVERYcommon innature. •Whattypeofmoleculein natureincludesamide li k ?

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

•Manyothercompounds featureamides,including somenaturalsedatives likemelatonin.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-25

halide."

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-26

replacedwith"carbonylhalide."

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-27

"anhydride."

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-28

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-29

thesuffix"ate."

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-30

4/25/2012

"oicacid"with"amide."

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-31

thenamewithNastheirlocant.

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-32

"oicacid"with"onitrile."

21.6IntroductiontoCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

21.13.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-33

Ingeneral,carboxylicacid

derivativesaregood electrophiles. •WHY?

21.7ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-34

Reactivitycanbe

affectedby -Induction -Resonance

ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

-Qualityofleaving group

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-35

Let'sexaminetheacidchloride:

characterofthecarbonyl.HOW?

21.7ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

anelectrophile.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-36

4/25/2012

•Let'sexaminetheacidchloride: ofthenucleophilicattackonthecarbonyl. reactivity

21.7ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

isquitereactive.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-37

Amidesaretheleastreactiveacidderivative.

-Induction -Resonance

21.7ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

-Sterics -Qualityofleavinggroup

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-38

donotundergosubstitution.

21.7ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

qualityofleavinggroup.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-39

21.7ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

--Hand-Rdonotqualifyasleavinggroups.WHY?

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-40

Let'sanalyzeaspecificexample:

21.7ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

intermediate.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-41

DoNOTdrawtheacylsubstitutionwithanS

N 2 mechanism.

21.7ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

mechanism:

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-42

4/25/2012

21.7ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

-ThefirststepwillNOTbe nucleophilicattack. -Theelectrophileand nucleophilearebothlowin energy.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-43

H 3 O isunstableand drivestheequilibrium forwardbystartingthe reactionmechanism.

ReactivityofCarboxylicAcid

Derivatives

•Nowtt electrophilecarriesa (+)charge,itismuch lessstable(higherin energy).Completethe restofthe mechanism.

Copyright2012JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.

Klein, Organic Chemistry 1e21-44

Underbasic

conditions,(+)chargesquotesdbs_dbs20.pdfusesText_26