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Advanced Web Programming

1

Advanced Web Programming

what we have covered so far 2

The SocketServer Module

simplified development of network servers a server tells clients the time 3

A Forking Server

instead of threads use processes process to handle a client 4

The BaseHTTPServer Module

creating a very simple HTTP server code for the simple HTTP web server

MCS 275 Lecture 33

Programming Tools and File Management

Jan Verschelde, 3 April 2017

Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 1 / 36

Advanced Web Programming

1

Advanced Web Programming

what we have covered so far 2

The SocketServer Module

simplified development of network servers a server tells clients the time 3

A Forking Server

instead of threads use processes process to handle a client 4

The BaseHTTPServer Module

creating a very simple HTTP server code for the simple HTTP web server Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 2 / 36

Plan of the Course

since the first midterm

In the four weeks after the midterm exam

we covered: 1

CGI programming: handling forms

2 database programming: MySQL and MySQLdb 3 network programming: using sockets 4 multithreaded programming

Anything left to cover?

Advanced Web Programming

→gluing various programming tools Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 3 / 36

Advanced Web Programming

1

Advanced Web Programming

what we have covered so far 2

The SocketServer Module

simplified development of network servers a server tells clients the time 3

A Forking Server

instead of threads use processes process to handle a client 4

The BaseHTTPServer Module

creating a very simple HTTP server code for the simple HTTP web server Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 4 / 36

The SocketServer Module

simplified development of network servers With theSocketServermodule we do not need to import the socketmodule for the server script.

Follow these steps:

1 from socketserver import StreamRequestHandler from socketserver import TCPServer 2

Inheriting fromStreamRequestHandler

define a request handler class. Overridehandle(). →handle()processes incoming requests 3

InstantiateTCPServerwith(address, port)

and an instance of the request handler class. →this returns a server object 4

Apply the methodhandle_request()orserve_forever()

to the server object. Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 5 / 36

Advanced Web Programming

1

Advanced Web Programming

what we have covered so far 2

The SocketServer Module

simplified development of network servers a server tells clients the time 3

A Forking Server

instead of threads use processes process to handle a client 4

The BaseHTTPServer Module

creating a very simple HTTP server code for the simple HTTP web server Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 6 / 36 a server to tell the time withSocketServer

In the window running the server:

$ python clockserver.py server is listening to 12091 connected at ('127.0.0.1', 49142) read "What is the time? " from client writing "Sun Apr 4 18:16:14 2010" to client

In the window running the client:

$ python clockclient.py client is connected

Sun Apr 4 18:16:14 2010

Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 7 / 36 code for the client in fileclockclient.py from socket import socket as Socket from socket import AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM

HOSTNAME = 'localhost' # on same host

PORTNUMBER = 12091 # same port number

BUFFER = 25 # size of the buffer

SERVER_ADDRESS = (HOSTNAME, PORTNUMBER)

CLIENT = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)

CLIENT.connect(SERVER_ADDRESS)

print('client is connected')

QUESTION = 'What is the time?'

DATA = QUESTION + (BUFFER-len(QUESTION))

CLIENT.send(DATA.encode())

DATA = CLIENT.recv(BUFFER)

print(DATA.decode())

CLIENT.close()

Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 8 / 36 code for the server in the fileclockserver.py from socketserver import StreamRequestHandler from socketserver import TCPServer from time import ctime

PORT = 12091

class ServerClock(StreamRequestHandler):

The server tells the clients the time.

def handle(self):

Handler sends time to client.

def main():

Starts the server and serves requests.

Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 9 / 36 code for the handler def handle(self):

Handler sends time to client.

print("connected at", self.client_address) message = self.rfile.read(25) data = message.decode() print('read \"' + data + '\" from client') now = ctime() print('writing \"' + now + '\" to client') self.wfile.write(now.encode()) Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 10 / 36 code for the main function def main():

Starts the server and serves requests.

ss = TCPServer(('', PORT), ServerClock) print('server is listening to', PORT) try: print('press ctrl c to stop server') ss.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: print(' ctrl c pressed, closing server') ss.socket.close() if __name__ == "__main__": main() Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 11 / 36

Aboutrfileandwfile

attributes in the classStreamRequestHandler rfilecontains input stream to read data from client example:data = self.rfile.read(25) client must send exactly 25 characters! wfilecontains output stream to write data to client example:self.wfile.write(data) all data are strings of characters! Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 12 / 36 alternatives to the simple example

Instead ofStreamRequestHandler,

we can useDatagramRequestHandler.

Instead ofTCPServer, we can useUDPServer,

if we want UDP instead of TCP protocol.

On Unix (instead ofTCPServer):UnixStreamServeror

UnixDatagramServer.

Choice between

1 handle_request(): handle one single request, or 2 serve_forever(): indefinitely many requests. Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 13 / 36 usingserve_forever()

Withserve_forever(),wecan

1 serve indefinitely many requests, 2 simultaneously from multiple clients. ss = TCPServer(('',port),ServerClock) print 'server is listening to', port try: print 'press ctrl c to stop server' ss.serve_forever() except KeyboardInterrupt: print ' ctrl c pressed, closing server' ss.socket.close() Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 14 / 36

Advanced Web Programming

1

Advanced Web Programming

what we have covered so far 2

The SocketServer Module

simplified development of network servers a server tells clients the time 3

A Forking Server

instead of threads use processes process to handle a client 4

The BaseHTTPServer Module

creating a very simple HTTP server code for the simple HTTP web server Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 15 / 36 a forking server

Threads in Python are not mapped to cores.

For computationally intensive request,

we want to spawn a new process. >>> import os >>> help(os.fork)

Help on built-in function fork in module posix:

fork(...) fork() -> pid

Fork a child process.

Return 0 to child process

and PID of child to parent process. Programming Tools (MCS 275)advanced web programmingL-33 3 April 2017 16 / 36 illustration of a forkquotesdbs_dbs4.pdfusesText_7