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which they are used SAS arrays can be used for simple repetitive tasks, reshaping data In the previous example, suppose missing values had been coded as

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Data Management using SAS Arrays

- Lavanya Vangala 1

9 repetitive actions on a group of variables

9 computing new variables

9 reshaping data

When do we need Arrays?

2

Repetitive action: An Example

We have been given a SAS data set where a value of 999 was entered whenever there was a missing numeric value. General coding Practice (Manual Recoding with If Then): data recode_data; set actual_data; if a =999 then a1=.; if b = 999 then a2=.; if c = 999 then a3=.; if d = 999 then a4=.; if e = 999 then a5=.; if f = 999 then a6=.; Run; 3

What is An Array?

Array is similar to Vector/matrix notation in

Mathematics

Structure:

9Group of variables in a data step

9Elements must be of same data type

9No need of same length

9No need to be related

9Can be multi dimensional

4

ARRAY Statement

ARRAY arrayname {n} [$] [length] array_elements;

ARRAY - is a SAS keyword that specifies that an array is being defined Arrayname - a valid SAS name that is not a variable name in the data set {n} - the index used to give the number of elements in the array ( A numeric constant/Numeric SAS expression /(*) [$] - used to specify if the elements in the array are character variables, the default type is numeric [length] - used to define the length of new variables being created in the array, optional array_elements - a list of variables of the same type (all numeric or all character) to be included in the array 5

SAS DO Loops and Why?

9SAS Array provides a different way to reference a

group of variables

9Reference to the Array elements can be done using

DO loops.

9DO loop should have a corresponding END statement

(Caution !)

9within a single DO loop multiple arrays can be

referenced and operations on different arrays can be performed. 6

Using Arrays ² Recoding variables

For Recoding hundreds of variables arrays are certainly helpful..- Note : Array elements do not need to be named consecutively data recode_data; set actual_data;

Array recode(6) a b c d e f;

Do I = 1 to 6;

If recode(i) = 999 then recode(I) = .;

End;

Drop I;

Run; 7

Extension to All variables

data recode_data; set actual_data;

Array numeric_recodes(*) _numeric_;

Array character_recodes(*) $ _character_;

Do _n_= 1 to dim(numeric_recodes);

If numeric_recodes(_n_) = 999 then numeric_recodes(_n_) = .; End;

Do _n_= 1 to dim(character_recodes);

If character_recodes(_n_) = 'N/A' then character_recodes(_n_) = ''; End; Run; SAS also has a few code words to put all character and/or numeric variables into arrays for you. These can save a lot of typing and is useful for cleaning up missing values in your variables. Note: * - Is used when the number of elements in the array isn't known 8

Assigning Initial values

9Initial values can be assigned to Array members

9Values must always be specified at the end of ARRAY

statement

9Character values need to be in Quotes

Examples:

Array a {10} a1-a10 ( 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 );

Array a{10} (10*5);

Array new {4} $ test1 test4 Sci

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