[PDF] [PDF] Evaluating definite integrals - Mathcentre

f(x)dx is called the definite integral of f(x) from a to b The numbers a and b are known as the lower and upper limits of the integral To see how to evaluate a 



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[PDF] Evaluating definite integrals - Mathcentre

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???8.9

Evaluating definite integrals

Introduction

Definite integralscan be recognised by numbers written to the upper and lower right of the integral sign. This leaflet explains how to evaluate definiteintegrals.

1. Definite integrals

The quantity

?b af(x)dx is called thedefinite integraloff(x) fromatob. The numbersaandbare known as the lowerandupper limitsof the integral. To see how to evaluate a definite integral consider the following example.

Example

Find? 4

1x2dx.

Solution

First of all the integration ofx2is performed in the normal way. However, to show we are dealing with a definite integral, the result is usually enclosed in square brackets and the limits of integration are written on the right bracket: 4

1x2dx=?x3

3+c? 4 1 Then, the quantity in the square brackets is evaluated, firstby lettingxtake the value of the upper limit, then by lettingxtake the value of the lower limit. The difference between these two results gives the value of the definite integral: ?x3 3+c? 4

1= (evaluate at upper limit)-(evaluate at lower limit)

?43 3+c? -?133+c? 64

3-13= 21

Note that the constants of integration cancel out. This willalways happen, and so in future we can ignore them when we are evaluating definite integrals. www.mathcentre.ac.uk 8.9.1 c?Pearson Education Ltd2000

ExampleFind?

3 -2x3dx.

Solution

3 -2x3dx=?x4 4? 3 -2 =?(3)4 4? -?(-2)44? 81
4-164 =65

4= 16.25

Example

Find

π/2

0cosxdx.

Solution

π/2

0cosxdx= [sinx]π/2

0 = sin?π 2? -sin0 = 1-0 = 1

Exercises

1. Evaluate

a) ?1

0x2dx, b)?3

21
x2dx, c)?2

1x2dx, d)?4

0x3dx, e)?1

-1x3dx.

2. Evaluate

?4

3x+ 7x2dx.

3. Evaluate a)

?1

0e2xdx, b)?2

0e-xdx, c)?1

-1x2dx, d)?1 -15x3dx.

4. Find

π/2

0sinxdx.

Answers

1. a) 1

3, b)16, c)73, d) 64, e) 0.

2. 89.833 (3dp).

3. a) e2

2-12= 3.195, (3dp), b) 1-e-2= 0.865 (3dp), c)23, d) 0.

4. 1. www.mathcentre.ac.uk 8.9.2 c?Pearson Education Ltd2000quotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27