THE STATUS OF FEMALE SPORT PARTICIPATION IN CANADA Made possible by Canada's dairy farmers The Canadian Association for the Advancement of
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WOMEN IN SPORT: FUELLING
A LIFETIME OF PARTICIPATION
THE STATUS OF FEMALE SPORT
PARTICIPATION IN CANADA.
Made possible by Canada"s dairy farmers & The Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women and Sport and Physical Activity (CAAWS)A REPORT ON
MARCH 2016
3CONTENTS
FOREWORD
THEForeword
By Karin Lofstrom, CAAWS Executive Director
& Jennifer Fenton, CAAWS ChairAdvisory Group
Introduction
Methodology
Results
SPORT PARTICIPATION FROM YOUTH TO ADULTHOOD
WOMEN AS LEADERS IN SPORT
PERSPECTIVE FROM FEMALE LEADERS IN SPORT
THE EXPOSURE AND ATTENTION FOR WOMEN"S SPORT
Clearing the Hurdles
03 04 06 08 10 26As demonstrated in this report, a considerable
amount of work remains to be done for girls work to create opportunities for girls and women to be actively engaged as participants and leaders in sport and physical activity in and supporting women in leadership positions, working with provincial/territorial/ national sport organizations to increase their commitment to creating gender-equitable environments where girls and women, and having more females involved as participants works to make the sport environment moreFrom the Canadian Association
for the Advancement of Women and Sport and Physical Activity.Fuelling a Lifetime of
Participation was developed
by an integrated team including authors Michelle K. Brunette,MHK, PhD Candidate &
Norman O"Reilly, MBA, PhD,
CGA/CPA, along with the
complete Advisory Group andCAAWS with contributions by
Tanya Scarapicchia, MA, PhD
Candidate & Rachel Micay,
to have initiatives like this publication shine a light on the current hurdles impacting girls role the media play in their participation and this publication and circulate it amongst your at ways we can contribute to making aJennifer Fenton
- CAAWS ChairKarin Lofstrom
- CAAWS Executive Director45Brenda Andress
Karin Lofstrom
has been an active participant, volunteer, leader, mentor and advocate f or girls and national level, she contributes her experience in the sport sector and e xpertise on gender equity to a number of committees and working groups, sharing reso urces and knowledge to ensure the needs of girls and women are considered andJennifer Fenton
passionate about increasing opportunities for girls and women to partici pate in sport andDr. Cheri L. Bradish
Leanne Nicolle, idea generator, girl advocate and globally minded social innovator left her private sector marketing executive career to dedicate her life to helping girlsMichelle K. Brunette
teaches international health and has been recognized for contributions t o the status advancement of sport through cross-cultural approaches, responsible part nershipsNorm O'Reilly
Rochelle Grayson
Chantal Petitclercȇ
ADVISORYGROUP
76are clearing hurdles to balance personal, professional, social and volunteer work and family life, but fewer and fewer
In this report, researchers situate the status
participation and leadership in sport, and advisory group is part of a commitment to research about the state of female sport extensive academic work, media data, Nationalȇaim to inspire girls and women, regardless of age or ability, in local communities across ȴand provide action-oriented recommendations
The Benefits of Sport
consistently participate in sport at lower rates than males, with a continual decline observed and women who do continue to participate sport at least once a week during a sport season the many types of sports, from individual sport pursuits, recreational team sports and physical activity pursued for pleasure, can contribute to building and maintaining healthy and active INTRO PHYSICAL BENEFITSPSYCHOLOGICAL BENEFITSSOCIAL BENEFITS • Improved bone mass density depression and anxietyImproved psychological
well-beingImproved mood
Increased feelings
of empowerment self-esteem, and self-concept leadership and achievement gender norms levels of education and academic success extracurricular activities cultural exchange and learningTable 1
89METHODOLOGY
DATA SOURCES
& ANALYSISIn order to describe the landscape of
researchers used secondary and primary sources to identify and articulate the numerous hurdles that girls and women and new media, including television, national print media and event viewership/attendance added data about the attention and exposure analysis, the researchers initiated a bilingual online survey that was broadly distributed to in English and French, were received from experience in contact and non-contact sports coaches, board members and administrators from the grassroots, high-performance andQuantitative analysis of the survey results, researchers identify trends, relationships and analysis of open-ended questions added depth ȴȴȇface in initiating and maintaining sport
attention toward identifying and prioritizing action plans at the system-wide, community OURThere are old
fashioned attitudes of established sports organizations that favour boys over girls, and perceptions of certain sports not being feminine 1110Girls still believe
sports are for boys.Coaches pay way
more attention to boys than girlsTOP 10
ORGANIZED SPORTS
CANADIAN GIRLS
PARTICIPATE IN
3 1Swimming (20%)
2Dance (17%)
3Soccer (10%)
4Ballet (9%)
5Gymnastics (9%)
6Skating (7%)
7Running (5%)
8Basketball (4%)
9Volleyball (4%)
10 Trampoline (4%)
STARTING
THE RACE: GIRLS" SPORT PARTICIPATION
For young females, participating in sport brings
positive physical, psychological and social compared to boys; they are three times more likely to prefer individual and creative forms of ballet, gymnastics and trampoline, which are sport in their early years, evidence points to the transition to adolescence, with a sharper from participating when they feel they lack competence or fundamental skills in sport, orAdolescence is a pivotal time for predicting
whether or not a girl will continue to participate enter adolescence, their overall participation and school sport sport, and continue playing, is frequently money are the top reasons why adolescent pressure to drop out of sports can outweigh theIncreased support is imperative in getting
female athletes, can help demonstrate to girls that success in sports is attainable, and can they need as they seek to overcome theseFemale sport leaders noted a lack
of inspirational role models for girls, and an overall lack of social acceptance of women/girl the encouragement of girls in sport needs toA female sport leader emphasized that coaches,
both female and male, play a huge role in social, physical and hormonal changes that girls are experiencing can be instrumental in importance of sport, role models and coaches, both female and male, may help inspire girls to continue participating in sport beyond highBecause, once girls stop,
they may never play again.RESULTS
SPORT PARTICIPATION
from GIRLS to WOMENBy 10 years of age,
if a girl has yet to participate in sports, there is only a10% chance that she will be
physically active as an adult. 5 1312FACING
THE HURDLES: WOMEN'S SPORT PARTICIPATION
As girls reach adulthood, more and more stop
and females are participating in sport less thanFigure 1, but
the rate of sport participation among females female adults, detailed in Figure 2, include participation rates only exceed that of men often in adolescence, bring a legacy of continued results indicate that the most commonly reported hurdles to sport participation amongAs female adults balance multiple roles
as partners, mothers, sisters, daughters, caregivers, community and business leaders, volunteers and more, their interest in sport athlete with strong beliefs about the importance of sport, I have to say I struggle way of sport participation, yet paradoxically,SPORT PARTICIPATION
from GIRLS to WOMENSport means
balancing a career with sport, family life, having kids, the time commitment, giving up a social life...Most girls &
women will be more tempted to join a sport if they see other females involved 02 0, 525, 2 68%9
512738102.
4811242%%
8%%2.%%
402%%%5
274055
6 1.1%5 6 4556 5 8
Figure 2 - General Participation Rates by Gender
for the Top 10 Sports in Canada 2Figure 1 - Trends in Sport Participation
in Canada by Gender and Year 2MALESFEMALES
MALESFEMALES
Percentage of population participatingPercentage of people participating in sport in Canada 1415WOMEN
BEYOND THE HURDLES:
COACHING & OFFICIATING
has gradually increased over time, but their rate of involvement has his torically been lessAS LEADERS IN SPORT
020,05040600
79%13# %of3P9a%r93t9%ai3
79%13# %of3c%r93t9%ai3
piins3# %of3P9a%r93t9%ai3 piins3# %of3c%r93t9%ai379%13# %of3cIe913t9%ai3
piins3# %of3cIe913t9%ai3 pnfr9nIo3I9on i3 piins3pnfr9nIo3I9on i33 %13#f%I
c3 %13#f%I 68%99%
51%
99%
82%
73%
76%
50%
73.7%
62%
82.5%
85
.7% 66
.7%
67%32%
1% 49%1% 18% 27%
24%
50%
26.3%
38%
17 .5% 14.3% 33.3%
33
FEMALE ROLES IN COLLEGIATE, NATIONAL & MULTI-SPORT ORGANIZATIONS include its post-secondary institutions, National the sport itself is female-oriented or includes rates of male leaders only in assistant-level involved in administrative and managerial roles
Figure 4 - Percentage Breakdown
of NSO and MSO Leaders by Gender 10Figure 3 - Percentage Breakdown
of CIS Coaches/Leaders by Gender 10MALESFEMALES
Table 3
- Participation in Leadership Roles in Sport by Gender 1617WOMEN