in a series examining cycling behaviour, social and civic infrastructure and cycling economies in Toronto www torontocycling Mapping Cycling Behaviour in
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[PDF] City of Toronto Cycling Network Plan
NEW TORONTO ST WALSH AVE OLD Data source: City of Toronto / IBI Group, 2016 Projection: NAD Cycling Network and Trails Plan Existing Cycling
[PDF] Attachment 2 - Map of Major City-Wide Cycling Routes - City of Toronto
Kingston Rd Port Union Rd Lawson Rd W aterfront Trail Waterfront Trail The Meadoway Sheppard Ave E Jane St Keele St Lawrence Ave W Dufferin St
[PDF] cyclists_handbook_engpdf - Cycle Toronto
View the Toronto Cycling Map on-line at toronto ca/cycling/map and access route maps from neighbouring municipalities such as Burlington, Mississauga and
[PDF] The Toronto Cycling Handbook: - Cycle Toronto
Why not start a Bike Train or Walk 'n' Roll Parade to school? “Choosing routes which were mostly on bike lanes, bike trails and quiet streets helped
[PDF] ONTARIO BY BIKE RIDE JUNE 2018 TORONTO TRAILS & RAVINES
Plot the route on the City of Toronto Cycling Map www toronto ca/cycling Overnight Accommodations: • Days Inn Toronto East Beaches - 1684 Queen St East,
[PDF] Top Training road rides MounTain Bike & rail Trails - Ontario By Bike
and explore local sights of interest There are many on and off-road cycling routes from Lake Simcoe to the City of Toronto, providing a network of bicycle lanes,
[PDF] Mapping Cycling Behaviour in Toronto - Toronto Cycling Think and
in a series examining cycling behaviour, social and civic infrastructure and cycling economies in Toronto www torontocycling Mapping Cycling Behaviour in
[PDF] Durham Cycle Tours Map - Region of Durham
Taunton Rd Bloor St N e w to n v ille R d RegHwy 2 M a in S t Toronto S t Victoria Our trails and on-road cycling routes will lead you through a variety of
[PDF] The Toronto Cyclists Handbook - Talkin Trash With UHN
a safe way to explore Toronto A growing network of bicycle lanes and trails as well as traffic laws to protect cyclists make cycling increasingly safe
[PDF] Mapping Cycling Potential in Toronto - The Centre for Active
Mapping Cycling Potential in Toronto [Submitted to the Journal of Transport Geography] Authors Mischa Young a Beth Savan b Kevin Manaugh
[PDF] toronto geology
[PDF] toronto map pdf
[PDF] toronto municipal code
[PDF] toronto official plan maps
[PDF] toronto sidewalk by laws
[PDF] toronto soil map
[PDF] toronto street address
[PDF] toronto street names origin
[PDF] toronto streets names
[PDF] toronto sun crossword
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[PDF] torres strait islander flag
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L%'< 0( ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 E- 05()4 F5..+%1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 J*(%'750()'* ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1 Who cycles in Toronto? ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 What characterizes cycling trips? .............................................................................................................................................................. 11 1.3 What factors are associated with higher proportions of cycling trips? ................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Do some municipal wards show behavioural differences? Are they attributable to socio-cultural aspects of the population, physical barriers or facilitating factors? ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.5 What factors should we consider when selecting target sites and populations for behavioural interventions? ................................. 11 2 Cycling in Toronto: Findings ................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 2.1 Question 1: Who cycles in Toronto? ........................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.1 Age: ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Location: .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.3 Sex ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 2.1.4 Other characteristics of cyclists ......................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Question 2: What characterizes cycling trips? .......................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.1 Distance ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2.2 Multiple Daily Trips .............................................................................................................................................................................. 20 2.3 Question 3: What factors are associated with higher proportions of cycling trips? ............................................................................... 21 2.3.1 Population Density .............................................................................................................................................................................. 21 2.3.2 Destinations, Connectivity and Origins .............................................................................................................................................. 22 2.3.3 Topography .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 2.3.4 Cycling Infrastructure (bike lanes) ..................................................................................................................................................... 25 2.3.5 Consolidated Bike Score TM in Toronto by Ward .............................................................................................................................. 26 2.3.6 Cycling Services ................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 2.4 Question 4: Do some municipal wards show behavioural differences? Are they attributable to socio-cultural aspects of the population, physical barriers or facilitating factors? ............................................................................................................................................ 29 2.4.1 Cycling participation by ward is distinctly different. .......................................................................................................................... 29 3 Discussion and Analysis- including considerations for selecting target sites and populations for behavioural interventions ................... 30 3.1 Characteristics of Cycling Behaviour in Toronto ....................................................................................................................................... 30 3.1.1 Who cycles: The role of age and sex in cycling participation ........................................................................................................... 31 3.1.2 How do people cycle? ......................................................................................................................................................................... 33 3.1.3 The Role of Land Use and Urban Form in Cycling Behaviour ........................................................................................................... 36 3.1.4 Topography and the influence of hills on cycling behaviour ............................................................................................................ 38 3.2 Bike ScoreTM, infrastructure and cycling participation in Toronto ........................................................................................................... 39 4 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 5 Background ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 6 Methods and Data Sources ................................................................................................................................................................................ 44 6.1 Research Steps ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 44 6.2 Key Data Sources ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 44 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
6 Appendix A- Analytical mapping methods .................................................................................................................................................................. 46 Appendix B- Key characteristics of cyclists ............................................................................................................................................................... 47 Appendix C- Limits to Data ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 48 ;).)(,('
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(% ,'80102)*/)*8%+,(%50(5% 3 (9 *]ZZ^+*7]Z^^A0102)*/8'%(%+*,&'%(),'*( %), )* '%'*('% ,)7 *(,/)4 0102)*/+. *)() ,( 9'%,(%+()*/'5('8]Z0)(1, %4)0 ,:='% '4 %6<5,(`]n0'*,)7 %0102)*/8+0)2)() ,)%% 2 4+*(('( )%,+(),8+0()'*9)( 0)(12)8 69 )2 dYn0'*,)7 %0102)*/8+0)2)() ,% 2 4+*(@D)(1'8 '%'*('L2+**)*/O)4),)'*6]Z^]A:C)4 *0102)*/X,2'9.'7 , +% 6( , 7+(+,5// ,(& *(5&7 .+*7( +(.+13 % 2 +, 731)*8%+,(%50(5% ).&%'4 . *(,:I ,5,& 0(( % ),+9)7 4+%)+()'*)*( 2 4 2'8&% &+% 7* ,,8'%3 +4)'5%0 +*/ : % ),,(%'*/ 4)7 *0 ( +(0 +*/ ),+, P5 *()+2&%'0 ,,'4 %(). @C+( %,2 3 *K>&&2 ('*6]ZZgA+*7,'0)+2)*8%+,(%50(5% &2+1,+*).&'%(+*(%'2 :S%'.]ZZ^(']ZZd6( *5.3 %'8 '5/ ( & 1,)0+2 *4)%'*. *(),'8( *0)( 7+,( .+)*7 ( %.)*+*('80102)*/3 +4)'5%@=)(%+KN52)5*/6]Z^]jS'%,1( KM%)V H6]Z^ZjS%+*HKE*/ 2H 6 (+26]ZZ`jS%5.H)*KS%+*H6]ZZajF+ 2 *, (+26]ZZ`A6( .+&,)*( ),% &'%(7 .'*,(%+( ( +(( % +% +2,''( %,)/*)8)0+*(8+0('%,+(9'%H:J*9+%7,9)( 4 %1,).)2+%& 1,)0+2)*8%+,(%50(5% +*75%3+* *4)%'*. *(69 , ,53,(+*()+27)88 % *0 ,)*2 4 2,'80102)*/:J(),).&'%(+*(('*'( 6 '%'*('X,& 1,)0+2)*8%+,(%50(5% 8'%0'..5( %0102)*/%+*/ ,8%'.9 +H('*'*U -),( *(60% +()*/+*5*5,5+2'&&'%(5*)(1(''3, %4 ( )*825 *0 '8'( %8+0('%,: '%'*('oI +(+% ( .+)*0 +%+0( %),()0,'80102),(,)*( %.,'8+/ 6, -62'0+()'*'8% ,)7 *0 +*79'%H'%,(571o1.2 What characterizes cycling trips? I +(7),(+*0 ,7'0102),(,(%+4 2+*79 +(),( 8% P5 *01'87+)21(%)&,oI % +% 0'..'*7 ,()*+()'*,2'0+( 7o1.3 What factors are associated with higher proportions of cycling trips? >% &'&52+()'*7 *,)(167 ,()*+()'*7 *,)() ,60102)*/, %4)0 ,6( %%+)*+*70102)*/)*8%+,(%50(5% % 2+( 7('0102)*/&+%()0)&+()'*)* '%'*('o1.4 Do some municipal wards show behavioural differences? Are they attributable to socio-cultural aspects of the population, physical barriers or facilitating factors? I ( *+*+21V 7( 7+(++*70'*,)7 % 7+8)8( P5 ,()'*\1.5 What factors should we consider when selecting target sites and populations for behavioural interventions? '%'*('X,*'*U0102),(,6 - )3)(+*1&+%()052+%7 .'/%+& )00 +%+0( %),()0,oI +(+% ( .+)*0 +%+0( %),()0,'80102),(,)*( %.,'8+/ 6, -62'0+()'*oMDNDN 7, H'W8( &'&52+()'*+/ 7^e+*7'4 %6( ', 3 (9 *]e+*7ea1 +%,'8+/ +00'5*(8'%ebn'8( &'&52+()'*35(g`n'80102 (%)&,: MDNDM R )6+ %H'';'0+()'*&2+1,+,)/*)8)0+*(%'2 )*7 ( %.)*)*/0102)*/&+%()0)&+()'*:I -+.)* 7( 7+(+31.5*)0)&+2 2 0('%+29+%7)*'%7 %('% 8)* '5%H*'92 7/ '89 % 0102)*/'005%,)* '%'*(':D102),(,( *7('2)4 +*79'%H)*( 0 *(%+2+% +,'8( 0)(1:D102)*/.'7 , +% %+*/ ,8%'. -(% . 212'9@2 ,,( +*^nA'*( 0)(1X,'5( % 7/ ,6('% 2+()4 21 )/ %+( ,8'%['%( >. %)0+@g:en)*I+%7^bA)*( 0)(10 *(% 69)( +*+4 %+/ +0%',,( 0)(1'8^:`n: '%'*('6]Z^]A&2+0 ,( 0102)*/.'7 , +% 8'%( *()% 0 *(%+20)(1+(g:en6+,)/*)8)0+*()*0% +, 8%'.( ]ZZd7+(+'8`:^n8'%'5%8'05,9+%7,9 )0 +4 +,).)2+%/ '/%+& 1: '.'%%'9@O=CA0'.&2 ( 7+* 9,5%4 1)*]Z^]:I *( ', 7+(++% % 2 +, 76( 19)22&%'4)7 )*,)/ ()*('9 % 0 +*/ , +4 '005%% 7:'S)/5% ]U`N)0102 ='7 F +% 31S'05,I+%7UI+((@O+(+,'5%0 ,\D)(1'8 '%'*('W& *O+(+]Z^]KO=C]ZZdAC)4 *( &+(( %*)*S)/5% ]U]69 0% +( 7+/%'5&'8^al8'05,9+%7,m, *)*S)/5% ]U`)*'%7 %('3 (( %)7 *()81+% +,9)( )/ %0102)*/.'7 , +% :I)( )*( 8'05,9+%7,69 8'5*7,)/*)8)0+*(4+%)+()'*)*0102)*/&+%()0)&+()'*319+%7: '^E('3)0'H ['%( ]`I)22'97+2 ]E('3)0'H ['%( ]aI)22'97+2 `E('3)0'H D *(% ]eO'*c+22 1I ,(aE('3)0'H D *(% ]dO'*c+22 1I ,(eE('3)0'H ;+H , '% ]g '%'*('UO+*8'%( bG'%HD *(% `^N +0 ,UE+,(G'%H^ZG'%HD *(% `]N +0 ,UE+,(G'%H^^G'%HF'5( UI ,('*``O'*c+22 1E+,(^]G'%HF'5( UI ,('*`aO'*c+22 1E+,(^`L+%H7+2 U?)/ L+%H`eF0+%3'%'5/ F'5( U9 ,(^aL+%H7+2 U?)/ L+%H`dF0+%3'%'5/ F'5( U9 ,(^eE/2)*('*;+9% *0 `gF0+%3'%'5/ D *(% ^dE/2)*('*;+9% *0 `YF0+%3'%'5/ D *(% ^gO+4 *&'%(`bF0+%3'%'5/ >/)*0'5%(^YO+4 *&'%(aZF0+%3'%'5/ >/)*0'5%(^b I'' On average across the City of Toronto, two of every three cycling trips are taken by men. O+,34 I' C'-. /+6'+%'5 4 %6 '@F'5%0 UO=C6]ZZdA''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''O+,34 '%'*('D *(% UQ', 7+2 ]:Z`Z:Z`]N +0 ,E+,(G'%H^:b]Y:g^`L+%H7+2 U?)/ L+%H^:gaY:b^gO+4 *&'%(^:`^^:a]]F(:L+52X,^:]``:Y`^N +0 ,E+,(G'%H^:^^b:ZO 3'S)4&'72 +4 %+/ 6 '9 4 %60'*0 +2,9)7 7)88 % *0 ,)*8 .+2 &+%()0)&+()'*+.'*/8'05,9+%7,:E,& 0)+221,(%)H)*/),( ,(%'*/0'%% 2+()'*3 (9 *+ )/ &%'&'%()'*'8(%)&,318 .+2 0102),(,6+*7+ )/ 0102)*/.'7 , +% )*7'9*('9*8'05,9+%7,:J*I+%7^g69 )0 +,+2'9^:`n0102)*/.'7 , +% '*21^^:an'80102)*/(%)&,9 % (+H *318 .+2 ,:?'9 4 %6)*I+%7^b69 )0 +,( )/ ,(0102)*/.'7 , +% @g:enA68 .+2 ,(''Hag:en'80102)*/(%)&,:I *9 -+.)* 7+22(%)&,@31+22. ( '7,A)*+229+%7,6( 7)88 % *0 3 (9 *( 9+%79)( ( )/ ,(+*7( 9+%79)( ( 2'9 ,(n8 .+2 (%)&,),'*21Y:en:J*( 2'9 ,(n8 .+2 (%)&,9+%76ad:bn'8+22(%)&,+% 0'.&2 ( 7318 .+2 ,6+*7)*( )/ ,(n8 .+2 (%)&,9+%76ee:`n'8+22(%)&,+% 0'.&2 ( 7318 .+2 ,: .',(,)/*)8)0+*(8)*7)*/9+,( +(7 .'/%+& )07 (+)2,,50 +, 750+()'*2 4 26&%'& %(1'9* %, )&6)..)/%+()'*,(+(5,@% 0 *()..)/%+*(6^,(/ * %+()'*6]*7/ * %+()'*6`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gan'8+220102)*/(%)&,+% 5*7 %eH.6+*7( +4 %+/ (%)&7),(+*0 ),a:]H.:E4 *9+%7,9)( 2'90102)*/&+%()0)&+()'*%+( , +4 +2+%/ &%'&'%()'*'8(%)&,5*7 %eH.)*2 */( : I *9 3% +H( +4 %+/ (%)&7),(+*0 7'9*319+%769 +/+)*8)*7+% 2+()'*, )&3 (9 *, '%( %(%)&7),(+*0 ,+*7 )/ %0102)*/&+%()0)&+()'*35(*'(+* -+0(0'%% 2+()'*:S'% -+.&2 I+%7,^a+*7^Y +4 0102)*/.'7 , +% ,'8e:`+*7a:Y% ,& 0()4 21U( , 0'*7+*7( )%7 )/ ,(0102)*/.'7 , +% ,319+%761 (( )%+4 %+/ (%)&7),(+*0 ),2'*/ %@e:ZH.+*7`:eH.A( +*I+%7,]g+*7]Y9 )0 +4 % ,& 0()4 .'7 , +% ,'8]:Z+*7`:a+*7+4 %+/ (%)&7),(+*0 ,'8]:aH.+*7]:YH.: .',(0 *(%+27'9*('9*9+%7,69 )0 +% +2,'( ', 9)( )*( eH.:%+7)5,'8 )/ ,(7 ,()*+()'*7 *,)(1@, S)/:]:^^:3 2'9A67', .(' +4 ( , '%( ,((%)&7),(+*0 :72 '%'*('( *7('(+H .52()&2 0102)*/(%)&,'*+7+)213+,),:?'9 4 %6'*+9+%73+,),6( +4 %+/ * 4 % -0 7,`(%)&,& %7+1:D *(%+29+%7, +4 + )/ %7+)21+4 %+/ *5.3 %'80102)*/(%)&,:72 %+6.'D102)*/(%)&,+% .',(0'..'*)*+% +,'8 )/ %&'&52+()'*7 *,)(1+2( '5/ ( 1+% *'(7)% 0(210'%% 2+( 79)( ( )/ ,(2 4 2,'87 *,)(1:
8)%,(( % 0+( /'%) ,+% .+22 +32 ('7)88 %)*/7 /% ,69 )2 ('&'/%+& 1),+8)- 78+0('%:I)( )*( , 8'5%+% +,9 )7 *()8) 7 )/ (H 18+0('%,9 )0 ('/ ( %6, .('&%'4)7 ,)/*)8)0+*()*,)/ ()*('.50 '8( 0102)*/&+%()0)&+()'*)*
3 +4)'5%0 +*/ 2)( %+(5% .& +,)V ,( * 0 ,,)(1'8,(%+( /)0+221, /. *()*/(+%/ (&'&52+()'*,+*7)7 *()81)*/3+%%) %,('0 +*/ @C+( %,2 3 *6K>&&2 ('*6]ZZgjO+4) ,6]Z^`A:>H 1/'+2'8( ),% &'%(),(' -+.)* 0102)*/&+%()0)&+()'*)*
10 J*+0'.&2 -&'2)01 *4)%'*. *(6( %'2 '80102)*/)*0)(1(%+*,&'%(,1,( .,),'8( *2',()*% ('%)0+27 3+( ,62 +4)*/0)() ,2)H
7+(+2 *7,5&&'%(('( +,, %()'*( +(2+*75, +*75%3+*8'%.6,'0)+2)*8%+,(%50(5% +*7052(5%+28+0('%,&2+1+*).&'%(+*(%'2 )*)*825 *0)*/(%+*,&'%(+()'* +3)(,:
1 Research Questions J*( ),&+%('8'5%% , +%0 69 8'05, 7'*( 8'22'9)*/8'5%P5 ,()'*,\1.1 Who cycles in Toronto? ?'97'0102),(,0'.&+% ('*'*U0102),(,6)*
12 2 Cycling in Toronto: Findings
),, 0()'*'8( % &'%( -+.)* ,H 18)*7)*/,63+, 7'*( 7+(++4+)2+32 8'% '%'*('6+,( 1% 2+( ('( 8'5%% , +%0 P5 ,()'*,&', 7+3'4 :2.1 Question 1: Who cycles in Toronto? 'O' '%'*('X,0102),(,60'.&+% 7(' 7+(+8'%( ^eU]a1 +%'27+/ , /. *(, '9,+%'5/ 21,).)2+%&%'&'%()'*'80102)*/(''( %.'7 (%)&,@, 7+(+2).)(+()'*,>&& *7)-DA: '
%&'()&*+(&,- ,. /)&0' /12 - ,-./0123-4 567-48
9:;0348
<=3.>? ,-./0123-4 567-48
600
@2AB= <=3.>? O+,34 'MPN'7, '=+64+Q36+ %''@F'5%0 \O+(+=+*+/ . *(C%'5&@O=CA6]ZZd) 8'5%9 ,( %*2+H , '% 9+%7,^a6^Y6^bK]Z0% +( +025,( %9)( )/ 0102)*/.'7 , +% :;'9,+.&2 ,)V ,)*0'.3)*+()'*9)( 2'90102)*/.'7 , +% )*( 8+%9 ,( %*+*7 +,( %* 7/ ,'8( 0)(10% +( +2+0H'8,(+(),()0+24+2)7)(16( % 8'% ( ', % /)'*,9 % -0257 78%'.'5%+*+21,),:@F >&& *7)->AS)/5% ]U]N)0102 ='7 F +% 31I+%7UI+((@O+(+,'5%0 ,\D)(1'8
'%'*('W& *O+(+]Z^]KO=C6]ZZdA'F &+/ ^e8'%9+%7)*8'%.+()'*: 14 W5%7+(+,'5%0 ,8'%( .+&,+% 8%'.]ZZd:
% ),,(%'*/ 4)7 *0 ( +(0102)*/&+%()0)&+()'*)* '%'*(' +,)*0% +, 7,)*0 ( *@ %+*,&'%(+()'*F %4)0 ,D)(1'8 '%'*(']Z^ZjD)(1'8 '%'*('@J&,',Q )7A6]ZZbA:>% 0 *(,5%4 131 '%'*('X,&2+**)*/7 &+%(. *(l;)4)*/)*O'9*('9*+*7( D *(% ,F5%4 1m@D)(1'8 S)4&'5)Q/
H'=50 '8( ),% , +%0 ),3+, 7'*( aa.5*)0)&+2 2 0('%+29+%7,)*( D)(1'8 '%'*(':J* '%'*('6 +0 '8( , 9+%7,),'* '8+&+)%( +(.+H ,5&+8 7 %+2 2 0('%+27),(%)0('89 )0 ( % +% ]]: 5,6( *+. ,'8( 9+%7,+% 75&2)0+( 7+2( '5/ ( *5.3 %,+% *'(:J: :I+%7,]^K]]+% 3'( *+. 7F(:L+52X,+*7I+%7,]bK`Z+% 3'( *+. 7
'%'*('O+*8'%( :D'*, P5 *(2169 ( *7('9'%H9)( I+%7*5.3 %,%+( %( +**+. ,:S)4&'T'S)4&'G): 'S)4&'T'S)4&'G): 16 MDNDV A
66% 34%
Cycling Trips
Male Female 50% 50%
All Other Trips
Male Female
O 3'S)4&'T'S)4&'G):
'A1)4 'Y'>4 * 46+ %'-. /+%,'54+*''Q.'C '^b %)*)(1F&+7)*+g:eag:e^YO+4 *&'%(e:`ad:`^aL+%H7+2 U?)/ L+%Ha:Ya]:Z]Z %)*)(1F&+7)*+a:d`^:``Z '%'*('O+*8'%( a:a`g:`]Y '%'*('D *(% UQ', 7+2 `:a]b:d]b '%'*('O+*8'%( ]:e`e:e]^F(:L+52X,]:^`e:b]g MDNDU E61
4' 1)4) 6
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18 2.2 Question 2: What characterizes cycling trips? MDMDN =+6)%
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