Turkish Verbs Modification Meaning Suffix Use Negative -me- For general tense only, add -mez -n- Stems ending in vowels Passive -il- Stems ending in
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Turkish Verbs Modification Meaning Suffix Use Negative -me- For general tense only, add -mez -n- Stems ending in vowels Passive -il- Stems ending in
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Turkish VerbsModification
MeaningSuffixUse
Negative-me-For general tense only, add-mez
-n-Stems ending in vowelsPassive-il-Stems ending in consonants other thanl
-in-Stems ending inl -dir-Most verbsCausative-t-Stems ending in a vowel
-it-Stems ending in ¸s or ¸cReflexive-in-... to yourself
Mutual action-i¸s-... to each other
g¨ormekto see g¨or¨u¸smekto see one another or to converse g¨or¨u¸s¨ulmekto be conversed about g¨or¨u¸st¨urmekto make to converse with one another g¨or¨u¸st¨ur¨ulmekto be made to converse with one another giymekto wear clothes giyinmekto dress oneself giyindirmekto dress someone else giyindirilmekto be dressed by someone else giyindirildirmekto be forced to be dressed by someone elseConjugation
1. Drop-mekfrom the infinitive to get the stem.
2. Modify for meaning, as above
3. Select the tense and append something:
TenseAppendMeaning
Present-(i)yorActions happening right now -I am writing (now). General (Aorist)-(i)r-Things generally true -I am a writer.Future-(y)ecek-Actions that will happen
mi¸s-past-mi¸s-Present state caused by past action, or things the speaker is reporting without having seen. di-past-di-Both simple past -did- and past perfect -have done Necessity-meli-Actions that must, or should, be taken Conditional-se-If .... (with non-simple moods, expresses unfulfilled conditions, hopeless wishes of the past, etc.) Subjunctive-e-No statement of fact, things that might happen or have happened (with non-simple moods, expresses unfulfillable past wishes, or quotes of those expressions)4. Select the mood and append something:
MoodAppendConjugation pattern
Simple-I (mostly)
Past-idi-II
Conditional-ise-II
Past conditional-idi- + -isi-II
Inferential-imi¸s-I
Inferential conditional-imi¸s- + -ise-II
5. Apply the appropriate conjugation ending:
-im -izType I-sin -siniz
-(dir) -(dir)ler -m -kType II-n -niz
- -ler -eyim -elimType III-eyin -esiniz
-e -eler6. Entire pattern:
SimplePastConditionalPast conditionalInferentialInferential conditionalPresent-(i)yor + I-(i)yordi + II-(i)yorse + II-(i)yordise + II-(i)yormi¸s + I-(i)yormi¸sse + II
General (aorist)-ir + I-irdi + II-irse + II-irdise + II-irmi¸s + I-irmi¸sse + II Future-ecek + I-ecekti + II-ecekse + II-ecektiyse + II-ecekmi¸s + I-ecekmi¸sse + IImi¸s-past-mi¸s + I-mi¸sti + II-mi¸sse + II-mi¸s idiyse + II-mi¸s imi¸s + I-mi¸s imi¸sse + II
di-past-di + II-diydi + II-diyse + II-di idiyse + II---- Necessity-meli + I-meliydi + II-----meliymi¸s + I-- Conditional-se + I-seydi + II-----seymi¸s + I--