The ones that are most frequently used are nouns, adjectives and noun phrases; others are rarely used Some suffixes, which play the role of the verb 'io be' in
| Previous PDF | Next PDF |
[PDF] Turkish Verbs 1
Turkish Verbs Modification Meaning Suffix Use Negative -me- For general tense only, add -mez -n- Stems ending in vowels Passive -il- Stems ending in
[PDF] Turkish finite verbs
26 jan 2004 · Turkish words fall into some of the same classes (parts of speech) as English words: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb and verbal noun, and
[PDF] Turkish Verb Forms – 1
Turkish Verb Forms – 1 CAUSATIVE The causative form of a verb means to make, have, or cause someone to do something It can be in the present tense or
[PDF] TURKISH GRAMMAR - Wikimedia Commons
TURKISH GRAMMAR ACADEMIC EDITION 2012 3 TURKISH GRAMMAR FOREWORD The Turkish Grammar book that you have just started reading is quite
[PDF] 201 Turkish Verbs Download
201 Turkish Verbs Read Online What are the most important verbs in Turkish, how do you conjugate them and Free Download 201 Turkish Verbs PDF Book
[PDF] 50R TURKISH - CORE
The ones that are most frequently used are nouns, adjectives and noun phrases; others are rarely used Some suffixes, which play the role of the verb 'io be' in
[PDF] Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar
Ahmet Cevat Emre's Türk Dilbilgisi (Turkish Grammar) (1945) was the 'All manual workers, especially the public sector workers, are suffering '
[PDF] Turkish Minimum Core Vocabulary List - OCR
below, under alt kat downstairs ambulans ambulance amca, dayı, enişte uncle ameliyat operation (=medical) Page 1 of 31 GCSE Turkish Vocabulary List
[PDF] JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES - ERIC
The Turkish aorist and progressive: Present tense, future tense, or what? In Turkish grammar, the aorist is characterized by –(X)r, which is used in three different ways Retrieved from http://www lrec-conf org/proceedings/lrec2012/ pdf /
[PDF] Language in 10 minutes: Turkish
History ○ Phonology (very briefly) ○ Grammar ○ Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives ○ Negation of Turkey ○ Kaba became the bases of modern Turkish ○ Script was also romanized http://www andrew cmu edu/user/ko/downloads/lrec pdf
[PDF] turn off accessibility windows 7
[PDF] turn off exposure notification android
[PDF] turn your android phone into a webcam
[PDF] turnitin download
[PDF] turnitin free account
[PDF] tuticorin air pollution
[PDF] tuto pour apprendre le ukulele
[PDF] tutorial adobe illustrator cc 2017 bahasa indonesia
[PDF] tutorial adobe illustrator cc 2017 bahasa indonesia pdf
[PDF] tutorial adobe illustrator cc 2018 bahasa indonesia
[PDF] tutorial adobe premiere
[PDF] tutorial android studio pdf
[PDF] tutorial gimp 2.8 pdf
[PDF] tutorials on the use of sql to write queries or stored procedures
50R TURKISH¿ ■ C 3 :_ i2 rzD ' ::б тш в в г > ^ Ш Е іС і сшjAHIE ІЖ~'3-'2ИІ "22*425 "2 О-S''SI/ 2-3'*5SeTCл^Т"» т T-j*>r^
A LEXICAL-FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
45 0л5^Т"»
A THESIS
"лТ00J 0 0»J J350Jc0 4 =л0J5ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
AND THE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE OF BILKENT UNIVERSITYТc 350Т3B 4лB4ТBBJc0 4 0»J 5J!лТ5JJc0"FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCEBy
Zelal Giingordu
July, 1993Q-elal
P38 •G'èb n ^. X!0 "" ""#^ .^"( "X$ "^$X$ "I( "" XI %0 C&XIXCI X X$ !/ТТ0 "(^'/" ^BXI $C&^ "I( XI '/"ТX 0B "$ " "^$X$ !C. "^ (^1.^^ C!()$ ^. C! *X^I^+.C!+ ,.+ -^%"Т .! Т"/^. 01(#X$C.2
^. X!0 "" ""#^ .^"( "X$ "^$X$ "I( "" XI %0 C&XIXCI X X$ !/ТТ0 "(^'/" ^BXI $C&^ "I( XI '/"ТX 0B "$ " "^$X$ !C. "^ (^1.^^ C! 3"$ ^. C! *X^I^+1$$ + .C!+ ,.+ 4X ТXТ 1Т "0 »5#^IX.
^. X!0 "" ""#^ .^"( "X$ "^$X$ "I( "" XI %0 C&XIXCI X X$ !/ТТ0 "(^'/" ^BXI $C&^ "I( XI '/"ТX 0B "$ " "^$X$ !C. "^ (^1.^^ C! 3"$ ^. C! *X^I^+1$$ + .C& , 67 ^% 5C/8"""9) )
1&&.C#^( !C. "^ I$ X / ^ C! :I1XI^^.XI1 "I( *X^I^;
c:L ·Prof. Dr. Mehmel Director of the Institute
ABSTRACT
1 >:?71>c@AB79.B1> »=1331= @.=
9A=-*4
Zelal Giingordii
3+*+ XI 7C%&/ ^. :I1XI^^.XI1 "I( I!C.%" XCI *X^I^
1(#X$C.; 1$$ + .C!+ ,.+ -^%"Т .!Т"/^.
3/Т0B J))=Natural language processing is a research area which is becoming increas
ingly popular each day for both academic and commercial reasons. Syntactic parsing underlies most of the applications in natural language processing. Al though there have been comprehensive studies of Turkish syntax from a linguis tic perspective, this is one of the first attempts for investigating it extensively from a computational point of view. In this thesis, a lexical-functional grammar for Turkish syntax is presented. Our current work deals with regular Turkish sentences that are structurally simple or complex.Keywords: Natural language processing, computational linguistics, Turkish
syntax, parsing, lexical-functional grammar.ТТ ÖZET
9H=-I: JIJB 5J= *Gл»H-*:>cJK>:L*:>
»=13:=
5XТ1X$"0". #^ :I!C.%" XE 35"^I(X$ТXNXB O5E$^E >X$"I$
,"IP8%"I; ,.+ -^%"Т .! Т"/^. popülerliği her geçen gün daha da artan bir araştırma alanıdır. Tümcelerin
açıdan kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak, bunların hiçbiri bilgisayar ile
çalışmamız, yapı olarak basit veya girişik olan düz Türkçe tümcelerini ele alıp,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Kemal Oflazer for his guidance, suggestions, and invaluable encouragement throughout the development of this thesis. I would also like to thank Asst. Prof. Dr. Halil Altay Güvenir and Asst. Prof. Dr. Gem Bozşahin for reading and commenting on the thesis. I owe special thanks to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Baray for providing a pleasant environment for study. I am grateful to the members of my family for their infinite moral support and patience that they have shown, particularly at times I was not with them. Contents
1 Introduction 1
. B'/-,01I4+%,&-$%01 (0220( 3 2.1 Constituent Structures and Functional Structures...................... 4T+T @/I XCI"Т ,^$.X& XCI$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ V
T+= S^ТТc!C.%^(I^$$ 7CI(X XCI$ CI @c* ./ /.^$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ JW3 Turkish Syntax 13 3.1 Distinctive Characteristics of Turkish Syntax
............................... 13=+T * ./ /."Т 7""." ^.X$ X$ C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ JV=+T+J ..(^. C! 7CI$ X /^I $ XI 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++ JV=+T+T :F&.^$$XI1 3/(1^%^I $ 7CIX$^Т0 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ J)=+= 7CI$ X /^I $ C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU=+=+J .#^.#X^C ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU=+=+T L ^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU
=+=+= */(^ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =U =+=+U 7CIC.("I^ C! */(^ "I( L ^.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =V =+=+X . (^ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =V
#X CONTENTSvn
=+=+V I(X.^ 7C%&Т^%^I ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =Y =+=+Y 1(#^.X"Т 7C%&Т^%^I $+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =Z=+U 7C%&C/I( BC/I$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ UV=+X 7Т"$$X!X" XCI C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ 1C.(XI1 C * ./ /.^ + + + XJ
=+X+J *X%&Т^ *^I ^I^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XJ =+X+T 7C%&C/I( *^I ^I^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XJ =+X+= ..(^.^( *^I ^I^$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ X= 4 LFG for Turkish Syntax 55
4.1 General Structure
.............................................................................. 55U+J+J »^I^."ТX/^( >= ".$^.67C%&XТ^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XY
U+J+T 1.1/%^I * ./ /.^$ C! L ^.$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VJ U+T 9"^ »."%%".+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VT
U+T+J BC/I "."+$^$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VUU+T+T 1((^ X#"Т "."$^$ Y)
U+T+= 1(#^.X"Т "."$^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZT U+T+U L^. "."$^$ )T
U+T+X *^I ^I^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )V U+T+V ,^&^I(^I 7Т"/$^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )Z U+T+Y >^FX"Т = / Т^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWU
5 Performance Evaluation):8
; =$%,1+(-$%( 0%* "+<<'(&-$%())) A Input Documents 115
A.l Document 1 - A Story for Children...............................................1151+T .^c^(X ^( L^.$XCI C! ,C/%^I J +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JJZ
1+= ,C/%^I T c 1 * C.0 !.C% 1 9L 3"1"/XI^
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JTJ1+U .^c^(X ^( L^.$XCI C! ,C/%^I T ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JTUB Example Outputs 128CONTENTS viii List of Figures
2.1 The c-structure for (2)........................................................................ 5
=+J 9"^ $/!!XF^$ "" ".^ "!!XF^( C IC%XI"Т #^.$ == =+T 9".^^ "%X1/C/$ XI ^.&.^ " XCI$ C! 0ZT2 XW U+J 9"^ $0$ ^% "."X ^ /.^+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XV U+T 1.1/%^I $ ./ /.^$ C! $C%^ #^.$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ V=U+= 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ C"X" ""I(Т^ "^ '/^$ XCI
$/!!XFB "^ &C$ &C$X XCI bile and the conjunction de/da .......................65U+U 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$+ VY U+X 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^( ++++++++++++++++++++++++ VZU+V 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^( ++++++++++++++++++++++++ V)U+Y 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++ YW
U+Z 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YT
U+) 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^. CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Y= U+JW 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^. CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YU U+JJ 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ "" ^F&.^$$ " I/%^.+ + + + YV XF LIST OF FIGURES
4.12 The grammar rule for noun phrases with a conjunction or a
C%%"+ YY
U+J= 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ CX " " CI(/I XCI C. " C%%" CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YZ U+JU 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+++++++++++++++++++ZW U+JX 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+++++++++++++++++++ZJ U+JV 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+ ZT U+JY 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZUU+JZ 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ CI XI/^(+ + + + ZX
U+J) 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! (X.^ XCI++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZX U+TW 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! (X.^ XCI CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZV U+TJ 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! &^.XC(+ ZY U+TT 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^D %^I $ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! '/"ТX 0+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZZU+T= 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^D
%^I $ C! !.^'/^I0+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZZU+TU =/Т^$ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! '/"ТX 0 !C.%^(
0 .^(/&ТX" XCI C! "((^ X#^$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Z)U+TX 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C!
'/"ТX 0 "" $&^X!0 "^ .^"$CI C! "^ #^. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )WU+TV =/Т^ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! .^&^ X XCI+ + + + )J
U+TY =/Т^$ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ !C.%^( CX " hak,$%$1# .3»" and taraf......................................................................... 91
LIST OF FIGURESXI
4.28 Rules for verb phrases which deal with indefinite direct ob
ject and qualitative adjectives used as adverbial complementsC! '/"ТX 0B .^$&^ X#^Т0++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )=U+T) 9"^ ./Т^ !C. /$XI1 "I0 IC/I #^. &"."$^ "$ " #^. &"."$^+ )U
U+=W 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ^F&.^$$ CI XI/^I^ XI "I " XCI +++++++++++++++++ )XU+=J 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ^F&.^$$ XI ^I$XCI ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )VU+=T 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ".^ !C.%^( 0 "/FXТX".0 #^.$+ )V
U+== 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ))
U+=U 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$ CI XI/^(
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWWU+=X 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$ CI XI/^( +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWUX+J ./ &/ C! "^ &".$^.6C%&XТ^. !C. CI^ C! "^ "%X1/C/$ XI ^.D
&.^ " XCI$ C! 0J2+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWZX+T 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0Т2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)
X+= 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 02
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)X+U 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0(2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)
X+X 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0Т^2
List of Tables
4.1 The representation of special Turkish letters..................................57U+T 9"^ I/%^. C! ./Т^$ !C. ^"" " ^1C.0 XI "^ 1."%%".+VU
X+J * " X$ X"Т XI!C.%" XCI "C/ "^ ^$ ./I$+JWV XI1 LIST OF TABLESxm
List of Abbreviations
ISG, 2SG, 3SG
>B T>B => *B T*B =* B TB =
15> 177
17> 1,3[ 1,L[ 1.= 1 5: 71A*
7X3 7.3 7.B, 7.B9 7. ,19 A9 »:B
3 B@ B* B1= B:7 B:»
.9 1=9 1** 1*9!X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI $XI1/Т".
!X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI &Т/."Т !X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI $XI1/Т". &C$$^$$X#^ !X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI &Т/."Т &C$$^$$X#^ "Т" X#^ (-hdEn)accusative {+yl)acceleration suffix {+ylver)adjective conversion, adjective "(#^. CI#^.$XCIB "(#^. "C.X$ 0&C$X X#^; +Er and +Ir^ negative: +z)approximation suffix {+yEyaz)noun to verb conversion with null suffix
"/$" X#^ {+dlr, +t)compound marker {+sl)comparativequotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27
Director of the Institute
ABSTRACT
1 >:?71>c@AB79.B1> »=1331= @.=
9A=-*4
Zelal Giingordii
3+*+ XI 7C%&/ ^. :I1XI^^.XI1 "I( I!C.%" XCI *X^I^
1(#X$C.; 1$$ + .C!+ ,.+ -^%"Т .!Т"/^.
3/Т0B J))=Natural language processing is a research area which is becoming increas
ingly popular each day for both academic and commercial reasons. Syntactic parsing underlies most of the applications in natural language processing. Al though there have been comprehensive studies of Turkish syntax from a linguis tic perspective, this is one of the first attempts for investigating it extensively from a computational point of view. In this thesis, a lexical-functional grammar for Turkish syntax is presented. Our current work deals with regular Turkishsentences that are structurally simple or complex.Keywords: Natural language processing, computational linguistics, Turkish
syntax, parsing, lexical-functional grammar.ТТÖZET
9H=-I: JIJB 5J= *Gл»H-*:>cJK>:L*:>
»=13:=
5XТ1X$"0". #^ :I!C.%" XE 35"^I(X$ТXNXB O5E$^E >X$"I$
,"IP8%"I; ,.+ -^%"Т .! Т"/^.popülerliği her geçen gün daha da artan bir araştırma alanıdır. Tümcelerin
açıdan kapsamlı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak, bunların hiçbiri bilgisayar ile
çalışmamız, yapı olarak basit veya girişik olan düz Türkçe tümcelerini ele alıp,
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor Asst. Prof. Dr. Kemal Oflazer for his guidance, suggestions, and invaluable encouragement throughout the development of this thesis. I would also like to thank Asst. Prof. Dr. Halil Altay Güvenir and Asst. Prof. Dr. Gem Bozşahin for reading and commenting on the thesis. I owe special thanks to Prof. Dr. Mehmet Baray for providing a pleasant environment for study. I am grateful to the members of my family for their infinite moral support and patience that they have shown, particularly at times I was not with them.Contents
1 Introduction 1
. B'/-,01I4+%,&-$%01 (0220( 32.1 Constituent Structures and Functional Structures...................... 4T+T @/I XCI"Т ,^$.X& XCI$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ V
T+= S^ТТc!C.%^(I^$$ 7CI(X XCI$ CI @c* ./ /.^$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ JW3 Turkish Syntax 133.1 Distinctive Characteristics of Turkish Syntax
............................... 13=+T * ./ /."Т 7""." ^.X$ X$ C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ JV=+T+J ..(^. C! 7CI$ X /^I $ XI 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++ JV=+T+T :F&.^$$XI1 3/(1^%^I $ 7CIX$^Т0 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ J)=+= 7CI$ X /^I $ C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU=+=+J .#^.#X^C++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU=+=+T L ^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ TU
=+=+= */(^ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =U =+=+U 7CIC.("I^ C! */(^ "I( L ^.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =V=+=+X . (^ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =V
#XCONTENTSvn
=+=+V I(X.^ 7C%&Т^%^I ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =Y=+=+Y 1(#^.X"Т 7C%&Т^%^I $+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ =Z=+U 7C%&C/I( BC/I$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ UV=+X 7Т"$$X!X" XCI C! 9/.EX$" *^I ^I^$ 1C.(XI1 C * ./ /.^ + + + XJ
=+X+J *X%&Т^ *^I ^I^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XJ =+X+T 7C%&C/I( *^I ^I^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XJ =+X+= ..(^.^( *^I ^I^$ +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ X=4 LFG for Turkish Syntax 55
4.1 General Structure
.............................................................................. 55U+J+J »^I^."ТX/^( >= ".$^.67C%&XТ^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XY
U+J+T 1.1/%^I * ./ /.^$ C! L ^.$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VJU+T 9"^ »."%%".+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VT
U+T+J BC/I "."+$^$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ VUU+T+T 1((^ X#"Т "."$^$ Y)
U+T+= 1(#^.X"Т "."$^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZTU+T+U L^. "."$^$ )T
U+T+X *^I ^I^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )V U+T+V ,^&^I(^I 7Т"/$^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )ZU+T+Y >^FX"Т = / Т^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWU
5 Performance Evaluation):8
; =$%,1+(-$%( 0%* "+<<'(&-$%()))A Input Documents 115
A.l Document 1 - A Story for Children...............................................1151+T .^c^(X ^( L^.$XCI C! ,C/%^I J +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JJZ
1+= ,C/%^I T c 1 * C.0 !.C% 1 9L 3"1"/XI^
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JTJ1+U .^c^(X ^( L^.$XCI C! ,C/%^I T ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JTUB Example Outputs 128CONTENTS viiiList of Figures
2.1 The c-structure for (2)........................................................................ 5
=+J 9"^ $/!!XF^$ "" ".^ "!!XF^( C IC%XI"Т #^.$ == =+T 9".^^ "%X1/C/$ XI ^.&.^ " XCI$ C! 0ZT2 XW U+J 9"^ $0$ ^% "."X ^ /.^+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ XVU+T 1.1/%^I $ ./ /.^$ C! $C%^ #^.$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ V=U+= 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ C"X" ""I(Т^ "^ '/^$ XCI
$/!!XFB "^ &C$ &C$X XCI bile and the conjunction de/da .......................65U+U 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$+ VY U+X 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^( ++++++++++++++++++++++++ VZU+V 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++ V)U+Y 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. C%&C/I( IC/I$ CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++ YW
U+Z 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т%C(X!X^.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YT
U+) 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^. CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Y= U+JW 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC%XI"Т C%&C/I($ CX " "I "((^ X#"Т %C(X!X^. CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YU U+JJ 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ "" ^F&.^$$ " I/%^.+ + + + YV XFLIST OF FIGURES
4.12 The grammar rule for noun phrases with a conjunction or a
C%%"+ YY
U+J= 9"^ 1."%%". ./Т^ !C. IC/I &"."$^$ CX " " CI(/I XCI C. " C%%" CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ YZ U+JU 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+++++++++++++++++++ZW U+JX 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+++++++++++++++++++ZJ U+JV 1I ^F"%&Т^ C! "^ 1."%%". ./Т^$ !C. "((^ X#"Т &"."$^$+ ZTU+JY 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZUU+JZ 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ CI XI/^(+ + + + ZX
U+J) 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! (X.^ XCI++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZX U+TW 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т &"."$^$ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! (X.^ XCI CI XI/^(++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZV U+TJ 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! &^.XC(+ ZY U+TT 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^D%^I $ "I( "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! '/"ТX 0+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZZU+T= 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " ^%&C."Т "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^D
%^I $ C! !.^'/^I0+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ZZU+TU =/Т^$ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! '/"ТX 0 !C.%^(
0 .^(/&ТX" XCI C! "((^ X#^$
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Z)U+TX 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ C"X" (^"Т$ CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C!
'/"ТX 0 "" $&^X!0 "^ .^"$CI C! "^ #^.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )WU+TV =/Т^ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ C! .^&^ X XCI+ + + + )J
U+TY =/Т^$ C"X" (^"Т CX " "(#^.X"Т C%&Т^%^I $ !C.%^( CX " hak,$%$1# .3»" and taraf......................................................................... 91
LIST OF FIGURESXI
4.28 Rules for verb phrases which deal with indefinite direct ob
ject and qualitative adjectives used as adverbial complementsC! '/"ТX 0B .^$&^ X#^Т0++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )=U+T) 9"^ ./Т^ !C. /$XI1 "I0 IC/I #^. &"."$^ "$ " #^. &"."$^+ )U
U+=W 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ^F&.^$$ CI XI/^I^ XI "I " XCI +++++++++++++++++ )XU+=J 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ^F&.^$$ XI ^I$XCI++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ )VU+=T 7C%&C/I( #^.$ "" ".^ !C.%^( 0 "/FXТX".0 #^.$+ )V
U+== 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ))
U+=U 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$ CI XI/^(
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWWU+=X 1I ^F"%&Т^ ./Т^ !C. $^I ^I^$ CI XI/^(+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWUX+J ./ &/ C! "^ &".$^.6C%&XТ^. !C. CI^ C! "^ "%X1/C/$ XI ^.D
&.^ " XCI$ C! 0J2+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JWZX+T 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0Т2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)
X+= 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 02
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)X+U 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0(2++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++JW)
X+X 7c$ ./ /.^ !C. 0Т^2
List of Tables
4.1 The representation of special Turkish letters..................................57U+T 9"^ I/%^. C! ./Т^$ !C. ^"" " ^1C.0 XI "^ 1."%%".+VU
X+J * " X$ X"Т XI!C.%" XCI "C/ "^ ^$ ./I$+JWV XI1LIST OF TABLESxm
List of Abbreviations
ISG, 2SG, 3SG
>B T>B => *B T*B =*B TB =
15> 17717> 1,3[ 1,L[ 1.= 1 5: 71A*
7X3 7.3 7.B, 7.B9 7. ,19 A9
»:B
3 B@ B* B1= B:7B:»
.9 1=9 1**1*9!X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI $XI1/Т".
!X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI &Т/."Т !X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI $XI1/Т". &C$$^$$X#^ !X.$ B $^CI(B "X.( &^.$CI &Т/."Т &C$$^$$X#^ "Т" X#^ (-hdEn)accusative {+yl)acceleration suffix {+ylver)adjective conversion, adjective "(#^. CI#^.$XCIB "(#^."C.X$ 0&C$X X#^; +Er and +Ir^ negative: +z)approximation suffix {+yEyaz)noun to verb conversion with null suffix
"/$" X#^ {+dlr, +t)compound marker {+sl)comparativequotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27