Glutaraldehydes are effective against all types of bacteria, fungi, and viruses With sufficient contact time they kill bacterial spores While glutaraldehyde vapors
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[PDF] List of Disinfectants - Office of Environmental Health and Safety
List of Disinfectants Properties of Commonly-Used Laboratory Disinfectants For Surface Cleaning Class of Disinfectants and Examples How they Work
[PDF] Selection and Use of Disinfectants
The nature of chemical disinfection varies with the type of product used Low level disinfection: Low level disinfectants kill most vegetative bacteria and some
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It will kill the causative agents of typhoid, gastroenteritis (some agents), rabies, cholera several forms of meningitis, whooping cough, gonorrhea and several types
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EHC 216: Disinfectants and Disinfectant By-products xviii environmental exposure; the size and nature of populations at risk (both human and other species)
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CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS CLASSES 3 3 1 Alcohols 3 3 2 Aldehydes 3 3 3 Chlorine Compounds 3 3 4 Iodine Compounds 3 3 5 Phenolics 4
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For a comparison of microorganisms and their susceptibility to a various disinfectant chemical classes, see 'The Antimicrobial Spectrum of Disinfectants' table
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Glutaraldehydes are effective against all types of bacteria, fungi, and viruses With sufficient contact time they kill bacterial spores While glutaraldehyde vapors
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Selection and Use of Chemical Disinfectants
Alcohols (ethanol, isopropanol)
Ethanol or isopropanol in concentrations of 70% - 95% are good general-use disinfectants. They are most effective against lipophilic viruses, less effective against non-lipid viruses, and ineffective against bacterial spores. Because of their quick evaporation rate, it may be difficult to achieve sufficient contact time. Chlorine compounds (household bleach - 5.25% sodium hypochlorite) Chlorine-containing solutions have universal disinfectant activity. With proper concentration and sufficient contact times, hypochlorite solutions can be considered chemical sterilants since they will inactivate bacterial spores. The downside is that chlorine compounds are quickly inactivated by excess organic materials and are corrosive to metals and tissues. Consequently their use in labs has some limitations. In solutions of 50-500 ppm available chlorine, they are effective against vegetative bacteria and most viruses. Bacterial spores require concentrations of 2500 ppm with extended exposure time. Household bleach (5.25% sodium hypochlorite) diluted 1:100 with water yields a disinfectant solution containing to 525 ppm available chlorine; a 1:10 dilution yields 5000 ppm available chlorine. Since the free chlorine is inactivated by light and air, disinfectant chlorine solutions are best made fresh before use.Formalin
Formalin is a 37% solution of formaldehyde gas in water. Diluted to 5% formaldehyde it is an effective disinfectant; at 0.2% - 0.4% it can inactivate bacteria and viruses. Unlike chlorine, formalin does not corrode stainless steel. It has a pungent, irritating odor; exposures must be limited due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity.Glutaraldehydes
These agents are closely related to formaldehyde but seem to be more biologically active. Glutaraldehydes are effective against all types of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. With sufficient contact time they kill bacterial spores. While glutaraldehyde vapors are less irritating than formaldehyde (formalin), they remain irritating to the eyes, mucous membranes, and upper respiratory tract. Exposures should be minimized by confining use to a properly functioning chemical fume hood.Phenols
Phenol solutions have been used for many years as a disinfectant. Their usefulness in laboratories is limited, however, because they leave a sticky residue on surfaces following treatment. Concentrated phenol is a highly toxic, corrosive substance that is easily absorbed through the skin. Use of appropriate personal protective equipment is essential. Please see the following tables for helpful information on selection of chemical disinfectants for use on specific biological agents. Hazardous Characteristics of Chemical DisinfectantsDisinfectantSignificant Characteristics
LiquidEffective
Shelf Life
>1week1CorrFlamResidueInactivated
by organicMatterCompatible
ForOptics
2SkinIrritantEye
IrritantRespiratory
IrritantToxic
3Quat. Ammon. Cpds
Phenolic Cpds
Chlorine Cpds
Iodophor
Ethyl Alcohol
Isopropyl Alcohol
Formaldehyde
GlutaraldehydeY
Y Y Y Y Y YY Y Y Y YYY Y Y YY Y YY YY Y Y Y Y YY Y Y Y Y Y Y YY Y YY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y1Protected from light and air.
2 Usually compatible, but consider interference from residues and effects
on associated materials such as mounting.3 By skin or mouth, or both. See manufacturer's literature and the Material Safety Data Sheet.
Inactivation Properties of Chemical Disinfectants
DisinfectantPractical
RequirementsInactivates
Contact TimeLiquidUse
Dilution
LipovirusBroad
SpectrumVegetative
BacteriaLipovirusesNonlipid
VirusesMycobacteriaBacterial
SporesQuat. Ammno. Cpds
Phenolic Cpds
Chlorine Cpds
Iodophor
Ethyl Alcohol
Isopropyl Alcohol
Formaldehyde
Glutaraldehyde0.1% - 2.0%
1.0% - 5.0%
500ppm 2
25 - 1600 ppm 2
70% - 85%
70% - 85%
0.2% - 8.0%
2%1010
10 10 10 10 1010NENE
3030
30
30
30
30YY
Y Y Y Y Y YYY Y Y Y Y Y Y1 Y Y 1 1 Y YTj