29 sept 2017 · 6 4 Grouping numbered equations with a bracket Every current distribution of LATEX will come with this package \begin{equation*}
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[PDF] How to Typeset Equations in LATEX - Stefan M Moser
29 sept 2017 · 6 4 Grouping numbered equations with a bracket Every current distribution of LATEX will come with this package \begin{equation*}
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g h i ] from the AMSmath package (see section 26 6 on page 56) or the displaymath The delimiters \begin{equation} \end{equation} are the In standard LATEX it is a problem with too long equations and the equation number, which may
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How to Typeset Equations in L
ATEXStefan M. Moser
29 September 2017
Version 4.6
Contents
1 Introduction
22 Single Equations: equation
33 Single Equations that are Too Long: multline
43.1 Case 1: The expression is not an equation
63.2 Case 2: Additional comment
63.3 Case 3: LHS too long | RHS too short
63.4 Case 4: A term on the RHS should not be split
74 Multiple Equations: IEEEeqnarray
74.1 Problems with traditional commands
74.2 Solution: basic usage of IEEEeqnarray
94.3 A remark about consistency
104.4 Using IEEEeqnarray for all situations
125 More Details about IEEEeqnarray
125.1 Shift to the left: IEEEeqnarraynumspace
125.2 First line too long: IEEEeqnarraymulticol
135.3 Line-break: unary versus binary operators
145.4 Equation numbers and subnumbers
165.5 Page-breaks inside of IEEEeqnarray
206 Advanced Typesetting
206.1 Aligning several separate equation arrays
206.2 IEEEeqnarraybox: general tables and arrays
216.3 Case distinctions
236.4 Grouping numbered equations with a bracket
246.5 Matrices
286.6 Adapting the size of brackets
286.7 Framed equations
316.8 Fancy frames
346.9 Putting the QED correctly: proof
356.10 Putting the QED correctly: IEEEproof
381
How to Typeset Equations in L
ATEX26.11 Double-column equations in a two-column layout
407 Emacs and IEEEeqnarray
428 Some Useful Denitions
439 Some Final Remarks and Acknowledgments
45Index45
Over the years this manual has grown to quite an extended size. If you have limited time, read Section 4.2 to get the basics. If y ouha vel ittlemore time, read Sections 4 and 5 to co verthe most com monsituations. This manual is written with the newest version ofIEEEtranin mind:1version 1.8b ofIEEEtran.cls, and version 1.5 ofIEEEtrantools.sty. This manual is continually being updated. Check for the most current version at http://moser-isi.ethz.ch/1 Introduction
L ATEX is a very powerful tool for typesetting in general and for typesetting math in particular. In spite of its power, however, there are still many ways of generating better or less good results. This manual oers some tricks and hints that hopefully will lead to the former... Note that this manual does neither claim to provide the best nor the only solution. Its aim is rather to give a couple of rules that can be followed easily and that will lead to a good layout of all equations in a document. It is assumed that the reader has already mastered the basics of L ATEX. The structure of this document is as follows. We introduce the most basic equation in Section 2 ; Section 3 then e xplainssome rst p ossiblereactions when an equation is too long. The most important part of the manual is contained in Sections 4 and 5 : there we introduce the powerfulIEEEeqnarray-environment that should be used in any case instead ofalignoreqnarray.In Section
6 some more adv ancedproblems and p ossiblesolutions are discussed, andSection
7 con tainssome hin tsand tric ksab outthe editor Emacs. Finally ,Section 8 makes some suggestions about some special math symbols that cannot be easily found in L ATEX.In the following any L
ATEX command will be set intypewriter font.RHSstands forright-hand side, i.e., all terms on the right of the equality (or inequality) sign. Similarly,LHSstands forleft-hand side, i.e., all terms on the left of the equality sign. To simplify our language, we will usually talk aboutequality. Obviously, the typesetting does not change if an expression actually is an inequality. This documents comes together with some additional les that might be helpful:1 You can check the version on your system usingkpsewhich IEEEtrantools.styto nd the path to the used le and then viewing it. Any current LATEX-installation has them available and ready to
use. cStefan M. Moser 29 September 2017, Version 4.6
How to Typeset Equations in L
ATEX3 typeset_equations.tex: LATEX source le of this manual. dot_emacs: commands to be included in the preference le of Emacs (.emacs) (see Section 7 IEEEtrantools.sty[2015/08/26 V1.5 by Michael Shell]: package needed for theIEEEeqnarray-environment.
IEEEtran.cls[2015/08/26 V1.8b by Michael Shell]: LATEX document class pack- age for papers in IEEE format. IEEEtran_HOWTO.pdf[2015/08]: ocial manual of theIEEEtran-class. The part aboutIEEEeqnarrayis found in Appendix F. Note thatIEEEtran.clsandIEEEtrantools.styis provided automatically by any up-to-date LATEX-distribution.
2 Single Equations: equation
The main strength of L
ATEX concerning typesetting of mathematics is based on the packageamsmath. Every current distribution of LATEX will come with this package included, so you only need to make sure that the following line is included in the header of your document: \usepackage{amsmath} Throughout this document it is assumed thatamsmathis loaded. Single equations should be exclusively typed using theequation-environment: \begin{equation} a = b + c \end{equation}a=b+c(1)In case one does not want to have an equation number, the *-version is used: \begin{equation*} a = b + c \end{equation*}a=b+cAll other possibilities of typesetting simple equations have disadvantages: Thedisplaymath-environment oers no equation-numbering. To add or to re- move a \*" in theequation-environment is much more exible. Commands like$$...$$,\[...\], etc., have the additional disadvantage that the source code is extremely poorly readable. Moreover,$$...$$is faulty: the vertical spacing after the equation is too large in certain situations. cStefan M. Moser 29 September 2017, Version 4.6
How to Typeset Equations in L
ATEX4 We summarize:Unless we decide to rely exclusively onIEEEeqnarray(see the discussion inSections
4.3 and 4.4 ), we should only useequation(and no other environment) to produce a single equation.3 Single Equations that are Too Long: multline If an equation is too long, we have to wrap it somehow. Unfortunately, wrapped equa- tions are usually less easy to read than not-wrapped ones. To improve the readability,one should follow certain rules on how to do the wrapping:1.In general one should alw ayswrap an equation beforean equality sign or
an operator. 2. A wrap b eforean equ alitysign is preferable to a wrap b eforean yop erator. 3. A wrap b eforea plus- or min us-operatoris preferable to a wrap b eforea multiplication-operator. 4.An yother t ypeof wrap should b ea voidedif ev erp ossible.The easiest way to achieve such a wrapping is the use of themultline-environment:2
\begin{multline} a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i = j + k + l + m + n \end{multline}a+b+c+d+e+f+g+h+i =j+k+l+m+n(2)The dierence to theequation-environment is that an arbitrary line-break (or also multiple line-breaks) can be introduced. This is done by putting a\\at those places where the equation needs to be wrapped. Similarly toequation*there also exists amultline*-version for preventing an equation number. However, in spite of its ease of use, often theIEEEeqnarray-environment (see Sec- tion 4 ) will yield better results. Particularly, consider the following common situation: \begin{equation} a = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p \label{eq:equation_too_long} (3)2 As a reminder: it is necessary to include theamsmath-package for this command to work! c