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5G networks and 3GPP Release 15

1

ITU PITA Workshop on

Mobile network planning and security

Sami TABBANE

23-25 October 2019 - Nadi, Fiji Islands

Agenda

I. 5G concepts and technologies

II. 3GPP Release 15

2

I. Concepts and TechnologiesAgenda

3

Future cellular systems technologiesHUDN

(Ultra Dense Networks)

HMassive MIMO

HmmWaveand/or TeraHertzcommunications

4

5G Mobile network architecture vision

Key architecture elements are:

H2 logical network layers:

oA radio network (RN) with a minimum set of L1/L2 functionalities oA network cloud with all higher layer functionalities HDynamic deployment and scaling of functions in the network cloud through SDN and NFV HSeparate provisioning of coverage and capacity in the RN by use of C/U-plane split architecture and different frequency bands for coverage and capacity HRelaying and nesting (connecting devices with limited resources non- transparently to the network through one or more devices that have more resources) to support multiple devices, group mobility, and nomadic hotspots HConnectionlessand contention-basedaccess with new waveforms for asynchronous access of massive numbers of MTC devices HData-drivennetwork intelligence to optimize network resource usage and planning 5

5G network cloud

6

5G Network ArchitectureH5G core network covers both wire-line and wireless accesses

HControl plane is separated from the data plane and implemented in a virtualized environment HFully distributed network architecture with single level of hierarchy HGW to GW interface to support seamless mobility between 5G-GW HTraffic of the same flow can be delivered over multiple RAT 7

5G challenges, potential enablers, and design principles

8

5G Network Technology FeaturesThe innovative features of 5G network can be summarized as diversified RAN

networking, flexible function deployment, and on-demand slicing. •Support diverse networking mode: C-

RAN, D-RAN, mesh,

D2D, BS plug-in

•To fit different 5G wireless scenarios EI Q BT /R82 7.9374 Tf

0 1 -1 -0 323.64 171.231 Tm

[(gNBeLTEDiversified RAN networking

Flexible function deployment

On-demand slicing

•Modularized Network function

•Network functions can be deployed flexibly based on NFVplatform•One Logical Architecture, maps to multiple Service Slices.

•Orchestrating network resource on-demand for each slice. •Isolated slices ensure efficiency, elasticity, security and robustness 9

Trends driving 5G transition

HLimitation in macrocells capacity:

HFlatter and more distributed networks,

HAdvanced source coding (H265),

HAdvanced RANs (HetNets),

HAdvanced RATs (newWWAN and WLANs

technologies),

HTransport technologies at the cell sites (fronthauland backhaul) significantly improved in terms ofspeed and deployment flexibility.

10 Trends driving 5G transitionHMobile performance metrics changes: 3G/4G network performance evaluated on "hard" metrics: peak data rates, coverage, spectral efficiency 5G performance metrics centered on user' QoE: ease of connectivity with nearby devices and improved energy efficiency, context-aware experience, personalized content, assistance services HUser Centric, No Cell(UCNC): novel radio access framework evolved from the classical cell-centric access protocol to a user-centric protocol with hyper-cell abstraction. HVariety of RATs and wireless devices: many devices with multiple RATs and modes from D2D based on LTE or WiFi Direct to short-range millimeter-wave (WiGig, new BAN oriented toward wearable devices).

HIoT with M2M.

11 Disruptive Technology Directions for 5G•Full duplex •NOMA multiplexing •QAM256 12 Disruptive Technology Directions for 5G•Flexible and powerful nodes at the edge:

HOffload the traffic from the core network,

HManage data flows efficiently by dynamically adjusting network resources to insure high QoE for each application flow. •Mobile Edge Computing:More content cached at the edge (reduces core network traffic at BH and reduces latency). •Optimized content delivery, Pre-caching of user generatedcontent and Internet contentbased on estimated popularity, social trends and used presence and preferences. Better utilize network pipelines based on context information. 13

Disruptive Technology Directions for 5G

Carrier aggregation

2015: 10 MHz at Band 5 (850 MHz), 20 MHz at Band 7 (2600 MHz) and 10

MHz at Band 1 (2100 MHz)

2016: commercially used in tens of mobile networks (South Korea, Japan, ...)

DL 3-CC CA deployed in some areas of South Korea.

14

5G RAN technologies for capacity enhancements

Agenda

15 Physical Layer Features to Improve CapacityAdvanced physical layer techniques: HHigher-order modulation and coding schemes (MCS), such as

256-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM),

HmMIMO(64x64 tested) to include AR, VR, ...

HAdd some intelligence at the transmitter and receiver to coordinate and cancel potential interference at the receiver, HIntroduce new schemes such as non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA),

HFilter bank multicarrier (FBMC),

HSparse coded multiple access (SCMA),

HAdvanced power control,

HSuccessive interference cancelling (SIC).

SIC + NOMA can Improve overall throughput in macrocells compared to orthogonal multiple access schemes by up to 30 percent even for high-speed terminals. 16

Capacity Enhancements

17 Technology components for the evolution to 5G wireless access•Multi-antenna transmission •Ultra-lean design:minimize transmissions not directly related to the delivery of user data (i.e., synchronization, network acquisition and channel estimation, broadcast of different types of system and control information)0control signals deactivated if the cell is empty. 18 Technology components for the evolution to 5G wireless access•User/Control separation •Flexible spectrum usage: spectrum sharing between a limited set of operators, operation in unlicensed spectrum. •Flexible duplex•Direct D2D communication •Access/Backhaul integration: wireless-access link and wireless backhaul integrated (same technology) and operate using a common spectrum pool. 19

3 Dimensions for Capacity Enhancements

20

Multiple Access Techniques

Agenda

21
Candidate multiple access techniquesHFiltered-OFDM(Filtered-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), allows inter-subband non-orthogonality, HSCMA(Sparse Code Multiple Access), enables intra- subband non-orthogonality

HUFMC(Universal Filtered Multi Carrier)

HGFDM(Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing). With: • Channel code Polar Code, • Full-duplex mode, • Massive MIMOtechnology. 22

Non Orthogonal Multiple Access

23

Non Orthogonal Multiple Access

U1 U2 -a+a -b+b

Transmission

Reception at the base station

+a +b+ a+b= +a -b+ a-b= -a +b+ -a+b= -a -b+ -a-b=P2=P1 P1 24

Non Orthogonal Multiple Access

U1 U2 -a+a -b+b

Transmission

Reception (U1 side)

+b +a+ a+b= +b -a+ b-a= -b +a+ -b+a= -b -a+ -a-b=P2>P1 P1 25

Non Orthogonal Multiple Access

U1 U2 -a+a -b+b

Transmission

Reception (U2 side)

+b+a+ a+b= -a+ b-a= -b+a=+ -a-b=P2>P1 P1

Initial transmission powerReceived power

+b +a -a -b -b 26

OFDM drawbacks

HOFDMdraw too much power in 5G devices and BSs.

HA 5G BS is expected to consume 3 times as much power as a 4G BS. HAny receiver needs to be able to take a lot of energy at once, and any transmitter needs to be able to put out a lot of energy at once.This cause OFDM's high PAPR and make the method less energy efficient than other encoding schemes. HIf operators want to update their equipment to provide NOMA,this will require additional costs especially for the BSs. HBSs would need SWupdates to handle NOMA and may require more advanced receivers, more processing power or other HWupgrades. 27

3D beamforming and cell

concept change 28

Beamforming and Array Antennas

29

3D Beamforming

30

Moving cell concept

31

UP and CP separation

32

Control-data separation architecture (CDSA)• Has a built-in feature to support the network-driven sleep mode

methods with a lower delay, lower on/off oscillations, a higher energy efficiency, and a higher QoS. 33

Cell concept changes

34

Cloud RAN

35

BS architecture evolution

Synchronisation

Control

Transport

Baseband

RF PA RF

Synchronisation

Control

Transport

Baseband

Synchronisation

Control

Transport

Baseband

RRU RFRRU RFRRU RRU RF

S1/X2Optical fibreCoaxial cable

Traditional BS

BS with RRU

C-RAN with RRU

Remote Radio

Head(RRH) or

Remote Radio

Unit(RRU) =

remote radio transceiver. 36
C-RAN C-RAN allows significant savings in OPEX and CAPEX. Ex. China Telecom: 53% savings in OPEX and 30% in CAPEX. 37
Elimination of cell boundaries•Classical networks: devices associate with a cell. •5G = virtualized device centric network: access point(s) associated with the device.

The cellmoveswith and always surrounds

the device. 38

RAN Slicing

Agenda

39
Slicing objectives•Slicing is introduced in 5G networks •Applied to softwarized networks (SDN/NFV/Clouds) •Solves similar problems to MEC •Enables deployment of different (QoS), multiple large scale networks with low OPEX and short TTM •Gives the slice tenant rich management capabilities 40

Benefits of slicing

41
•Shared infrastructure but many networks with different features of:

HData plane

(QoS, caching, encryption)

HCustomized Control Plane

properties

HCross ISO stack operations

(network well integrated with services)

HDynamic placement of functions

(cf. follow-the-crowd approach) •Automated operations via orchestration

HIncludes

dynamic placement of functions on the edge •Ownership

HSlice owner may have

control over its network slice •Network slice on demand (cf. every day early in the morning)

HThe infrastructure is ready

HSlice templates (Blueprints) are reusable

HOn-demand slices can be created by the end users

Slice definitionA slice= a collectionoflogical network functionsthat supports the communicationservicerequirements of particular usecase(s) •Initial purpose:corenetwork partitioning, •RANneeds alsospecific functionalities tosupport multiple slices or partitioningof resources for different network slices 42
DefinitionsNetwork Function (NF): Network Function refers to processing functions in a network.

Service Instance: run-time construct of an

end-user or a business service realized within or by a Network Slice

Network Slice Instance:

set of run-time NFs, and resources to run these NFs, forming a complete instantiated logical network to meet certain network characteristics (e.g., ultra-low-latency, ultra-reliability , value-added services for enterprises, etc.) required by the Service Instance(s). • The resources comprise physical and logical resources • A Network Slice Instance may be composed of Sub-network Instances. The Network Slice Instance is defined by a Network Slice Blueprint. Network Slice Blueprint: description of the structure, configuration and the plans/work flows for how to instantiate and control the Network Slice Instance. Enables the instantiation of a Network Slice, which provides certain network characteristics (e.g.

ULL, ...). A Network Slice Blueprint refers to

required physical and logical resources and/or to Sub-network Blueprint(s). Sub-network Instance: A Sub-network Instance is a run-time construct and comprises of a set of NFs and the resources for these NFs. • The Sub-network Instance is defined by a Sub-network Blueprint. • A Sub-network Instance may be shared by two or more Network Slices.

Physical resource: A physical asset for

computation, storage or transport including radio access

Logical Resource:

Partition of a physical resource

, or grouping of multiple physical resources dedicated to a NF or shared between a set of NFs. 43

Slicing concept details

Services can be provided by the network operator or by 3rd parties.

The network slicing concept = 3 layers:

44

Service Instance Layer

Represents the services which are to be supported. A ServiceInstance can either represent anoperator serviceor a3rd party providedservice

Network Slice Instance Layer

A network operator uses aNetwork Slice Blueprintto create aNetwork Slice Instance. ANetwork Slice Blueprintthat provides the network characteristics required by a Service Instance. ANetwork Slice Instance provides thenetwork characteristicswhich are required by aService

Instance

Resource layer

HPhysical Resource: computation, storage or transport HLogical Resource: partition of a physical resource, or grouping of multiple physical resources dedicated to a Network Function

Network Slice Instances

45
• The Network Slice Instance may be composed by zero, one or more Sub-network Instances, which may be shared by another Network Slice Instance. Similarly, the Sub-network Blueprint is used to create a Sub-network Instance to form a set of Network Functions, which run on the physical/logical resources.

Which resources are needed?

Which resources are used?

Network slicing conceptual outline

46
Examples of a network slice instance: Enhanced MBB, M2M, Enterprise and

Industry etc.

Resources slicing principle in 5G

47
The 3 main ways of wireless access virtualizationHFlowOriented (Management, Scheduling, Service differentiation of different data flows from different slices)

HProtocol Oriented

(Isolate, customize, and manage the multiple wireless protocol instances on the same radio hardware)

HSpectrumOriented

(RF bands and Raw spectrumare sliced which decouples the RF front end fromthe protocol, allowing multiple front ends to be used by a single node, or for a single RF front end to be used by multiple virtual wireless nodes) 48

II. 3GPP Release 15Agenda

49

5G New Radio (NR) specifications in Release 15• Scope:

HStandalone(full control plane and data plane functions are provided in NR) andNon-Standalone NR(control plane functions of LTE and LTE-A are utilized as an anchor for NR) Operations

HSpectrumBelowand Above 6 GHz

HEnhanced Mobile Broadband(eMBB): supports high

capacity and high mobility (up to 500 km/h) radio access (with 4 ms user plane latency)

HUltra-Reliable and LowLatency Communications

(URLCC): provides urgent and reliable data exchange (with 0.5 ms user plane latency).quotesdbs_dbs20.pdfusesText_26