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Energy

Environment

Human Health

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Office of Air and Radiation

July 26, 2010Proposed Air Pollution

Transport Rule

•Reducing Air Pollution •Protecting Public Health 2

Key Points

• EPA is taking another step to protect public health, help states reduce air pollution, and attain clean air standards. This proposal would reduce pollution quickly: - preserving initial Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) controls. - requiring further pollution reductions. • EPA is issuing this proposal now because millions of people continue to breathe unhealthy air that does not meet our national air quality standards. • EPA is putting in place a new approach that helps states meet their obligations to reduce transported pollution and attain and maintain compliance with the national ambient air quality standards. • More emissions reductions are needed to protect public health and the environment from air pollution, and work is ongoing to implement Clean Air

Act protections.

- For example, we've begun assessing the transport of air pollution across state boundaries that could affect meeting the upcoming 2010 ozone standard. 333

Overview

I. Summary of purpose and goals of this proposal

II. Benefits and costs of proposed Transport Rule

III. How proposed rule works and addresses the 2008 court action remanding CAIR 4

Transport of Air Pollution

• Air pollution can travel hundreds of miles and cause multiple health and environmental problems on regionalor national scales.

• This proposal reduces emissions contributing to fine particle (PM 2.5 ) and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines: • Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) contribute to PM 2.5 transport •NO x contributes to ozone transport

• Many areas are still violating the 1997 ozone and the 1997 and 2006 fine particulate health-based air quality standards.

• Attaining national ambient air quality standards will require some combination of emission reductions from: • Sources located further from the nonattainment area, and • Sources located in or near nonattainment areas. • Pollution is emitted by power plants, cars, trucks, and other industrial facilities. 5

Why Is EPA Doing this Rule?

•In 2012, EPA projects that: • Some communities will still not meet the air quality standards. • Many upwind states will still contribute significantly to downwind nonattainment areas. •This proposal affects power plants because their emission reductions are most cost- effective. •Other actions by EPA and the states must be taken before all areas will attain the current and future National Ambient Air

Quality Standards (NAAQS).

Counties with Violating PM and/or Ozone

Monitors (55)

Counties with PM and/or Ozone

Maintenance Problems (28) States covered by the Transport Rule (31 + DC) Counties with Monitors Projected to Have Ozone and/or PM2.5 Air

Quality Problems in 2012 Without

the Proposed Transport Rule 666

Proposal Would Reduce Emissions in 31 States + DC

• Proposal includes separate requirements for: • Annual SO 2 reductions •NO x reductions (2012) • Ozone-season NO x reductions (2012) • Sets emissions budgets for each state 777
NO X and SO 2

Emissions Affect the Health of Millions

of Americans and Our Environment •NO X contributes to the formation of PM 2.5 and ground-level ozone. •SO 2 contributes to the formation of PM 2.5 •PM 2.5 has been linked to premature death, serious illnesses such as chronic bronchitis and heart attacks, and respiratory problems. • Ozone has been linked to premature mortality, lung damage, respiratory symptoms, aggravation of asthma and other respiratory conditions. • Sulfur deposition acidifies surface waters, and damages forest ecosystems and soils. • Nitrogen deposition acidifies surface waters, damages forest ecosystems and soils, and contributes to coastal eutrophication. •SO 2 and NO X impair visibility, including at national parks and wilderness areas. 888

Health and Environmental

Benefits

999

Significant NO

X and SO 2

Reductions from

Transport Rule Proposal

• By 2014, EPA modeling projects that implementation of the Transport Rule, as proposed, combined with other state and EPA actions, would reduce

2005 emissions from electric generating units in the covered states by:

- 6.3 million tons of SO 2 per year - 1.4 million tons of NO X per year • 300,000 tons of NO X during ozone season (included in NO X estimate above) • These reductions represent a 71% reduction in SO 2 and a 52% reduction in NO X emissions from power plants from 2005 levels in the covered states. • In the states and DC covered by the proposed Transport Rule, in 2014, SO 2 emissions would be capped at 2.5 million tons per year annually and NO X emissions would be capped at 1.4 million tons per year (ozone season NO X emissions will be capped at 600,000 tons per year).

101010

15.65 3.84

4.6410.22

024681012141618

1990 2005 2012 2014

Year

SO2 Emissions (million tons) .

Annual SO

2

Power Plant Emissions

1990-2014 *

Scale: Largest bar equals 2.2 million

tons of SO2 emissions in Ohio, 1990

Source: EPA, 2010

* Emissions shown include only Acid Rain Program sources -- for 97% of annual Transport Rule SO 2 emissions and 88% of

Transport Rule units in 2014.

Total U.S. Emissions

111111

Annual NO

X

Power Plant Emissions

1990-2014 *

Scale: Largest bar equals 534 thousand

tons of NOx emissions in Ohio, 1990

Source: EPA, 2010

* Emissions shown include only Acid Rain Program sources - for 96% of annual Transport Rule NO X emissions and 88% of

Transport Rule units in 2014.

2.051.963.646.70

012345678

1990 2005 2012 2014

Year

NOX Emissions (million tons) .

Total U.S. Emissions

121212

2.57 0.90 1.27 0.86quotesdbs_dbs21.pdfusesText_27