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Foundation Flash Cartoon Animation

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Foundation Flash Cartoon

Animation

Tim Jones

Barry J. Kelly

Allan S. Rosson

David Wolfe

Lead Editors

Chris Mills, Ben Renow-Clarke

Technical Reviewer

Tiago Dias

Editorial Board

Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham,

Tony Campbell, Gary Cornell,

Jonathan Gennick, Jason Gilmore,

Kevin Goff, Jonathan Hassell,

Matthew Moodie, Joseph Ottinger,

Jeffrey Pepper, Ben Renow-Clarke,

Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade,

Tom Welsh

Project Manager

Kylie Johnston

Copy Editor

Heather Lang

Associate Production Director

Kari Brooks-CoponySenior Production Editor

Laura Cheu

Compositor

Dina Quan

Artist

April Milne

Proofreader

Elizabeth Berry

Indexer

John Collin

Cover Illustrator

Jerry Richardson

Cover Image Designers

Tim Jones, Barry J. Kelly,

Allan S. Rosson, David Wolfe

Interior and Cover Designer

Kurt Krames

Foundation Flash Cartoon Animation

Copyright © 2007 by Tim Jones, Barry J. Kelly, Allan S. Rosson, David Wolfe All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitt ed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retr ieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-59059-912-9

ISBN-10 (pbk): 159059-912-8

Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark sy mbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit o f the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark.

Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013.

Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax 201-348-4505, e-mail

orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit www.springeronline.com. For information on translations, please contact Apress directly at 2855

Telegraph Avenue, Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94705.

Phone 510-549-5930, fax 510-549-5939, e-mail info@apress.com, or visit www.apress.com. The information in this book is distributed on an "as is" basis, w ithout warranty. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this work, neither the author(s) nor Apress shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the info rmation contained in this work.

The source code for this book is freely available to readers at www.friendsofed.comin the Downloads section.

Credits

Manufacturing Director

Tom Debolski

To my wife, Julie, for picking up all the slack while I worked on this book. And for my daughter, Bea, who makes all sacrifices seem worthwhile. "Tim To my parents, Richard and Denis Kelly, for their never-ending support, love, and care. And for letting me stay up late to watch more cartoons and scary movies. "Barry My portion of this book is dedicated to my Father, William Daniel Rosson M.D., for being my first and best art teacher, for his ever-present encouragement and support,and for setting me on the path to success with an artistic career. "Al About the Authors........................................xiv

About the Technical Reviewer

................................xvi

Acknowledgments

........................................xviii

Introduction

.............................................xix

Chapter 1The Project Plan

...................................1 Chapter 2Character Libraries................................29

Chapter 3Storyboards and Animatics

..........................59

Chapter 4Setting Up Your FLA

...............................73

Chapter 5Plug-ins and Extensions

............................105

Chapter 6Frame by Frame Animation

.........................121

Chapter 7Animating With Tweens

...........................145

Chapter 8Animation Special Effects

..........................177

Chapter 9Why Use After Effects?

............................205

Chapter 10After Effects and Camera Mechanics

................225

Chapter 11Making Flash Not Look Like Flash

...................265

Chapter 12Tips and Tricks

.................................287 Index ..................................................321 v

CONTENTS AT A GLANCE

About the Authors........................................xiv

About the Technical Reviewer

................................xvi

Acknowledgments

........................................xviii

Introduction

.............................................xix

Chapter 1The Project Plan

...................................1Outline your goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . 1 What are you trying to accomplish?...............................2 Using Flash for delivery......................................2 Delivery as a SWF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 How a SWF works.......................................3 How SWFs affect your animation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 The size of your SWF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 The playback of your SWF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Delivery as something other than a SWF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Using Flash for creation.....................................10 The Flash library system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Backgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Compositing and editing ..................................13 Sound.............................................15

Planning your Flash animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15 Script................................................16 Design...............................................17 Storyboards............................................17 Animatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Animation method......................................20 Animation efficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Compositing and editing.....................................21 Postproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 vii

CONTENTS

Making your project plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Delivery specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Frame rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Aspect ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Schedule. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Storyboards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Animatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Animation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Compositing and editing...................................26 Postproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Sample schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Chapter 2Character Libraries................................29

An overview of the character library process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Size (and weight) are important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Size recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Weight recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Converting lines to fills......................................33 A nose by any other name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Viewing angle...........................................35 Creating new symbols during animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Creating the head comp.......................................38 Mouth charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Creating a movable jaw...................................40 Eye comps and lid charts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 The rest of the head comp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 The body................................................47 Articulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Nonarticulated joints.......................................52 Hand charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Putting it all together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Chapter 3Storyboards and Animatics..........................59 Storyboards..............................................60 Drawing storyboards on paper (traditional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Acting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Drawing digitally............................................63 Drawing directly into Flash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Animatics.............................................66 Acting in digital boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

CONTENTS

viii Building animatics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Building an animatic in Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Building an animatic in other applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Implementing animatics in your Flash animation file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Using an animatic from a different format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Chapter 4Setting Up Your FLA...............................73 Technical issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Aspect ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 TV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Internet............................................75 Pixel aspect ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Image size.............................................82 Frame rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Action safe and title safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Organizational issues.........................................85 Working in a master FLA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Splitting up your animatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Exporting from After Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Importing into Flash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 The 100 percent rule.......................................98 Camera mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 Summary...............................................102 Chapter 5Plug-ins and Extensions............................105

Introducing our favorite extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

Panel extensions.........................................106 AnimSlider .........................................106 Autocolor full . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Timing chart.........................................107 Command extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Break Into Layers......................................108 Create Masking Layer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Enter Graphic at Current Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 FrameEDIT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Frame Extender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Keyframe Jumper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Layer Color.........................................110 LibAppend. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Library Items Renamer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 0 Magic Tween. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Merge Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 MoveRegpoint........................................112 Multi Swap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 New Anim Clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113CONTENTS ix Search and Replace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Skip Around . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Symbolize Frames. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Toggle Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Toggle Outline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 Trace Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Tween 2 Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 ActionScript Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Camera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Frame Jumper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Where to download more extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Making your own commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Summary...............................................118 Chapter 6Frame by Frame Animation.........................121 A few words on fundamentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2 A sense of timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 You are an actorrrrr!.........................................123 Reference for acting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 The character library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Animating a scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Keeping it simple (as much as possible). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 A few words about layers and tweens.............................125 Getting started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 First pass: blocking and timing poses...............................128 Second pass: inbetweening and body acting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Third pass: lip sync .........................................135 Lip sync. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Fourth pass: eye acting and expressions..............................139 The eyes have it!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Chapter 7Animating With Tweens...........................145 Pros and cons of tweens......................................145 Analyzing the scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Breaking down the audio track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Making good acting choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Thumbnailing the scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Timing and animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Blocking the animation.....................................149 Adding breakdowns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Adding inbetweens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152 Taking advantage of custom ease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Fine-tuning tweens and timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Facial animation and lip sync..................................166 Using shape tweens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174CONTENTS x Chapter 8Animation Special Effects..........................177

Highlights and shadow modeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Preparing the shadow model layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Modeling the silhouette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Smoke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Debris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Chapter 9Why Use After Effects?............................205 Animation running longer than 1 minute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Factors that increase file size, length, and content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 FLAs grow too large to handle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 After Effects is a nondestructive program..........................208

Animating in separate scenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

8 SMPTE time code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Avoid symbol naming conflicts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 The ease of using separated scenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Imported scenes and files are easily updateable.......................211 RAM usage and playback....................................212 Trimming.............................................212 In and out points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Animation incorporating complex camera mechanics......................213 Pans and zooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Other complex camera movement..............................214quotesdbs_dbs17.pdfusesText_23