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Tous droits r€serv€s Revue des sciences de l'eau, 1995 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of 'rudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. This article is disseminated and preserved by 'rudit. 'rudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Universit€ de Montr€al, promote and disseminate research.

https://www.erudit.org/en/Document generated on 06/30/2023 7:39 a.m.Revue des sciences de l'eauJournal of Water Science

Nematode Eggs and Protozoan Cysts Removal in Microphytic Waste Stabilization Ponds in the Sudan - Sahel Area

A. Klutse and B. Baleux

Volume 8, Number 4, 1995URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/705238arDOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/705238arSee table of contentsPublisher(s)Universit€ du Qu€bec - INRS-Eau, Terre et Environnement (INRS-ETE)ISSN0992-7158 (print)1718-8598 (digital)Explore this journalCite this article

Klutse, A. & Baleux, B. (1995). 'limination des oeufs de n€matodes et des kystes zone soudano-sah€lienne. Revue des sciences de l'eau / Journal of Water Science 8 (4), 563"577. https://doi.org/10.7202/705238ar

Article abstract

Experimental waste stabilization ponds to purify domestic wastewater from the 'cole Inter-'tats d'Ing€nieurs de l''quipement Rural (EIER) were built in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The waste

stabilization ponds system consists of a raising tank, a decanter, and two ponds in series. The first

pond is 1.22 m deep with a surface area of 62 m 2 ; the second pond is 1.07 m deep and covers an area of 340 m 2 . The inflow averaged 22 m 3 /d, giving a normal retention time of 3.4 days in pond number 1 and 13 days in pond number 2. The average daily BOD5 load was 1500 kg/ha/day for pond number 1 and 200 kg/ha/day for pond number 2. Different parasites were identified in the raw wastewater, such as cysts of

Entamoeba coli

and

Entamoeba histolytica

, eggs of

Ascaris lumbricoides

and

Ankylostoma duodenale

and larval stages of

Anguillula

. The quantitative estimation of cysts, eggs and larvae was obtained using a Mac Master cell after concentration by a formol-ether technique (RITCHIE, 1948). Of 24 samples of raw wastewater analyzed, all contained cysts of

E. coli

and

E. histolytica

and

Anguillula

larvae. Similarly, 100 % of final effluent samples (Fig. 2-B) contained cysts of

E. coli

and

E. histolytica

, but the concentrations were respectively 16 and 22 times lower than in raw wastewater. Six of the 24 samples (25 %) contained

Anguillula

larvae (Fig. 9), 17 % contained

Ankylostoma duodenale

eggs and no samples (0 %) contained

Ascaris lumbricoides

eggs ( < 1 egg/L). This study were not carried out on Ouagadougou urban wastewater, due to the lack of a wastewater collection network, but the raw wastewater of the central market of Ouagadougou was analyzed for comparison because it represented a larger population than that in the EIER. In the raw wastewater of the central market, the concentration of parasites was high:

Ascaris

lumbricoides (110 eggs/L),

Taenia saginata

(53 eggs/L),

Ankylostoma duodenale

(39 eggs/L),

Trichuris trichiura

(19 eggs/L),

Entamoeba coli

(552 cysts/L),

Entamoeba histolytica

(479 cysts/L),

Anguillula

(62 larvae/L). The concentration of parasites identified in raw wastewater from EIER

Entamoeba coli

(395 cysts/L),

Entamoeba histolytica

(269 cysts/L),

Ascaris lumbricoides

(4 eggs/L),

Ankylostoma duodenale

(9 eggs/L),

Anguillula

(26 larvae/L)) seemed consistent with the

contamination level of the users of EIER stabilization ponds system.With a total retention time of 16.4 days in the stabilization ponds, removals of E. coli and E.histolytica cysts were respectively 94% and 96%. Ascaris lumbricoides and Ankylostoma duodenaleeggs were 100 and 90% removed, respectively, and removal of Anguillula larvae was 92%.Grimason et al. (1995), suggest that cumulative retention time of up to 55.3 days at Eldoret, Kenyaand 40 days at Meze, France were sufficient to remove between 99.1 % and 99.7 % of cysts ofGiardia lamblia, respectively. Global efficiency of the system for all parasites was 94%. In thedecanter, where retention time was 2-3 hours, the removal efficiency was 33%. With 3.4 daysretention time, the first pond (anaerobic due to the high organic load applied) increases removalto 62%. The second pond (optional) afforded a 78% removal efficiency with a 13 days retentiontime.

If the number of parasites fluctuated with time, the number observed in the effluent was significantly lower than those observed in the influent. The effluent of EIER waste stabilization ponds system was free of

Ascaris lumbricoides

eggs throughout the study period and free of

Ankylostoma duodenale

eggs during 10 months; the effluent thus satisfied the WHO recommendations for reuse in agriculture. Waste stabilization pond systems would seem to have a significant place in Sudan- Sahara area for removal of parasite ova and cysts, being economical and advantageous. They would also contribute to reduce sanitary risks associated with reuse of untreated wastewater in agriculture. REVUE DES SCIENCES DE L'EAU, flav. Sel. Eau 8(1995} 563-577

Éliminatio

n de s oeuf s d e nématode

s et des kystes de protozoaires des eaux usées domestiques par lagunage à microphytes en zone soudano-sahélienne

Nematod

e eg g an d protozoa n cys t remova l i n microphytic waste stabilization ponds in Sudan-Sahel area A

KLUTSE

1 et B. BALEUX2

Reç

u l e 1 6 jui n 1995
accept l e 8 septembr e 1995*

SUMMAR

Y

Expérimenta

l wast e stabilizatio n pond s t o purif y domesti c wastewate r from th e

Écol

e

Inter-État

s d'Ingénieurs de l'Équipement Rural (E.I.E.R.) were built in

Ouagadougou

Burkin

a Faso. The waste stabilization ponds system consists of a raisin g tank a décanter an d tw o pond s i n séries. The first pond is 1.22 m deep wit h a surfac e are a o f 6 2 m2; the second pond is 1.07 m deep and covers an area o f 34
0 m2. The inflow averaged 22 nvVd, giving a normal rétention time of 3.4 day s i n pon d n 1 an d 13 days in pond n° 2. The average daily BOD5 load was 1,50 0 kg/ha/da y fo r pon d n

° 1 and 20(1 kg/ha/day for pond n 2.

Différen

t parasite s wer e identifie d i n th e ra w wastewater suc h a s cyst s o f Entamoeba coti and Entamoeba histolytica, eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and An- kylostoma duodenale and larval stages ofAnguiUuia. The quantitative estimation o f cysts, eggs and larvae was obtained usùig a Mac Master cell after concentration b y a formol-ethe r techniqu e (RITCHIE, 1948). Of 24 samples of raw wastewater analyzed , aD contained cysts of K coti and K histolytica aadAnguilhda larvae. Si- milarly 10 0 o f fina l effluen t sample s (fig. 2-B) contained cysts of K coti and R histolytica, but the concentrations were respectively 16 and 22 times lower than in ra w wastewater Si x o f th e 2 4 sample s (25% containe d Anguitiula larvae (fig. 9), 17 % contained Ankylostoma duodenale eggs and no samples (0%) contained

Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (< 1 egg/L).

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