[PDF] [PDF] Lecture 22, November 23 • Surface integrals - TCD Maths home

To compute a surface integral over the cone, one needs to compute rθ × rz = ⟨− z sinθ, and it is obtained using spherical coordinates In this case, we have



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[PDF] Lecture 22, November 23 • Surface integrals - TCD Maths home

To compute a surface integral over the cone, one needs to compute rθ × rz = ⟨− z sinθ, and it is obtained using spherical coordinates In this case, we have

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Lecture 22, November 23

Surface integrals.The integral off(x,y,z) over a surfaceσinR3is f(x,y,z)dS=∫∫ f(x(u,v),y(u,v),z(u,v))· ||ru×rv||dudv, wherer(u,v) =⟨x(u,v),y(u,v),z(u,v)⟩is the parametric equation of the surface.

1 +f2x+f2ydxdy.

Example 1 (Cylinder).

The parametric equation of the cylinderx2+y2= 1 is and it is obtained using cylindrical coordinates. In this case, we have r θ×rz=⟨-sinθ,cosθ,0⟩ × ⟨0,0,1⟩=⟨cosθ,sinθ,0⟩, cos

2θ+ sin2θ= 1

and one can use these facts to compute any surface integral over the cylinder.

Example 2 (Cone).

x

2+y2is

x To compute a surface integral over the cone, one needs to compute r

θ×rz=⟨-zsinθ,zcosθ,0⟩ × ⟨cosθ,sinθ,1⟩=⟨zcosθ,zsinθ,-z⟩,

z 2.

Example 3 (Sphere).

The parametric equation of the spherex2+y2+z2= 1 is and it is obtained using spherical coordinates. In this case, we have r

θ×rϕ=⟨-sinθsinϕ,cosθsinϕ,0⟩ × ⟨cosθcosϕ,sinθcosϕ,-sinϕ⟩

and the fact that||r||= 1 implies that||rθ×rϕ||= sinϕ.

Example 4 (A general example).

The graph ofz=f(x,y) can be described by

To compute a surface integral over this graph, one needs to compute r x×ry=⟨1,0,fx⟩ × ⟨0,1,fy⟩=⟨-fx,-fy,1⟩,

1 +f2x+f2y.

Example 5.

We compute the integral

σz2dSin the case thatσis the part of the

x

2+y2that lies betweenz= 0 andz= 1. As in Example 2, we have

2.

2dz dθ, so the given integral becomes

z2dS=∫ 2π

0∫

1 0

2dz dθ=∫

2π 2 4 2 2

Example 6.

Consider the lamina that occupies the part of the paraboloidz=x2+y2 that lies below the planez= 1. If its density is given byδ(x,y,z), then its mass is

Mass =

δ(x,y,z)dS.

Assume thatδis constant for simplicity. Sincez=f(x,y) =x2+y2, we have

1 + 4x2+ 4y2

by Example 4. Using this fact and switching to polar coordinates, we nd that

Mass =

1 + 4x2+ 4y2dxdy

0∫

1 0 (1 + 4r2)1/2rdrdθ 8 2π

0∫

5 1 u1/2dudθu= 1 + 4r2 8 2π 05

3/2-13/2

3/2dθ

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