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AnalyticalChemistry:

KeytoProgress

onNationalProblems

Nafonai

3ur"au

Standards

trm

IG6077

UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE

PeterG.Peterson^Secretary

ANALYTICALCHEMISTRY:KEYTO

PROGRESSONNATIONALPROBLEMS

W.WayneMeinkeandJohnK.Taylor,editors

AnalyticalChemistryDivision

InstituteforMaterialsResearch

NationalBureauofStandards

Washington,D.C.20234

CODEN:XNBSAV

ISSUEDAugust1972

ABSTRACT

calresearchforsometimetocome. waterpollution. ii

FOREWORD

helpbetterdefinethisstatus. on"TraceCharacterization - ChemicalandPhysical"heldOctober3-7,

NBSSpecialPublication314,respectively.

iii solidstateresearch. sessions.

W.WayneMeinke,Chief

AnalyticalChemistryDivision

iv

PREFACE

Symposium.

Inkeepingwithitstheme - AnalyticalChemistry:KeytoProgressin NationalProblemAreas - theSymposiumfocussedonsixveryimportant whichaudienceparticipationwasencouraged. vantanalyticalresearchforsometimetocome. tionalBureauofStandards. V proceedings. typesetdng.

November29,1971

W.WayneMeinke

JohnK.Taylor

vi

24thANNUALSUMMERSYMPOSIUM

ANALYTICALCHEMISTRY:KeytoProgress

onNationalProblems

GeneralChairman - W.WayneMeinke

AssistantGeneralChairman - RichardA.Durst

ArrangementChairman - BourdonF.Scribner

ProgramChairman - JohnK.Taylor

SocialChairman - PhilipD.LaFleur

Speakers

RobertA.Laudise

GeorgeN.Bowers,Jr.,M.D.

GeorgeW.Irving,Jr.

A.P.AltshuUer

KhalilH.Mancy

JamesH.Carpenter

W.WayneMeinke

RobertS.Melville

PhilipD.LaFleur

SessionChairmen

JamesR.McNesby

JohnK.Taylor

RichardA.Durst

PanelMembers

J.PaulCali

HenryFrankel

GeorgeH.Morrison

JamesC.White

HenryM.Fales

GeorgeG.Guilbault

BarryL.Karger

HowardV.Malmstadt

DavidFirestone

HerbertA.Laitinen

CharlesMerritt,Jr.

MarioA.RoUier

WalterC.McCrone

PeterK.Mueller

PaulUrone

PhiHpW.West

JamesN.Butler

VincentP.Guinn

DavidM.Hercules

RobertE.Sievers

VaughanT.Bowen

VelmerA.Fassel

RichardS.Juvet,Jr.

TheodoreJ.Kneip

CONTENTS

Page

Abstractii

Forewordiii

PrefaceV

SessionChairmenvii

CHAPTER1

TheChemicalAnalysisofThingsasTheyAre1

G.E.F.Lundell

CHAPTER2

andElectronics19

R.A.Laudise

PanelDiscussion65

CHAPTER3

istry77

GeorgeN.Bowers,Jr.,M.D.

PanelDiscussion147

CHAPTER4

G.W.Irving,Jr.,andW.C.Schaefer

PanelDiscussion233

CHAPTER5

A.P.Altshuller

PanelDiscussion287

CHAPTER6

KhalilH.Mancy

PanelDiscussion383

ix

CHAPTER7

raphy393

JamesH.Carpenter

PanelDiscussion421

Index431

X

CHAPTER1

EDITOR'SNOTE--

interest.

ANALYTICALEDITION

Industrial

ANDENGINEERINGVolume5July15,

Number4Chemistry1933

PublishedbytheAmericanChemicalSociety

HarrisonE.Howe,Editor

TheChemicalAnalysisofThingsas

TheyAre

ATTHEoutsetwemightaskthequestion"Whyare

1

2ANALYTICALPROBLEMS

thatshouldnotbeoverlooked. andlesstimetochemicalanalysisitself - inotherwords,to analysis. ingelements. usedtorecommendtochildren - namely,tosprinklesalton

CHEMICALANALYSIS3

shouldeitherberenovatedordiscarded - heirloomslikethe methodsforsiHcaandforalumina - nottomentionmany others.

TableI.DeterminationofAluminum

Material

AbCSOOs.lSHzO

Bauxite

AI2O3SO3H2O

Components-

4ANALYTICALPROBLEMS

cipitatedbyitself. andsoontouranium.

CHEMICALANALYSIS5

ship,andkeepinconstantpractice. theresult,and(4)thecostoftheanalysis.

TheSampleonWhichtheAnalysisIsMade

areillustratedinTablesIIandIII.

6ANALYTICALPROBLEMS

ParticlesinaSample

Matebial

Castiron

Journalbearing

Ferrotungsten

SieveSizeComposition-oarbon

14-202.4520-302.2730-402.04

CopperLeadTin

Tungsten

80-10077.6

100-20080.2200-32579.5>32570.4

TableIII.ChangesinSamplesduringStorage

Ferrovanadium.33.6V33.1V

Zincore31.4Zn30.4Zn

Soda-limeglass74.1Si0273.4Si02

analyticaleffortthatwasputonit.

MethodofAnalysis

CHEMICALANALYSIS7

whenitisbyitself.

428-999O-LT-72-2

8ANALYTICALPROBLEMS

withchemicalanalysis - ^inotherwords,byfirstmaking abilitytocontrolhisblanks. theothergroupmemberscreepin - ^forexample,through changesinmanufacture - themethodmustbechanged.Wecannotdeterminetininsteelsbythesamemethod whereasbronzesdonot - asyet.Themostexcellentbis- bythedatashowninTableIV.

CHEMICALANALYSIS

OHo< O C rjl :0Oo o2 o^ "I - I "COr-i»0(MOCOOCD^Ocofoco-*!I;!!

COCOC5cc

02i-i(M(M(M(MCOCCoooodoooo

a r-,CT)Tj*COC<1^COCO;ot>i>i>00• !^oooodooo qoooooooo oo "ooP •J<>O0C5H0-| n 2^COEhOCOCOTj

CSOOOOOOrH...wOO

^doo'dddd *''aooo _ *00^OCO00O-!!0o^_'-^--^^^••"OO

PlIddoooooo

**^oo 'Ct<6<=><6o<666i6i ''dd

1d - od

^COCOCOTj<-.^-jj^oo a1-1 ^COCOCOCOr}COoC305 o

COc^^6

00

ANALYTICALPROBLEMS

AccuracyoftheResult

chemicalanalysisofthingsastheyare - namely,theaccuracy

CHEMICALANALYSIS11

inerror,andoughttoberejected."

TableV.AnalysisofPhosphateRock

(Allanalysesondrybasis)

77.9678.2878.6078.7279.10

Generalaverage,78.38

methodsaspossible.

ANALYTICALPROBLEMS

AI2O3FeOMgOSi02Ti02CaOMnO

GENERALAVERAGES

36.9420.1514.4216.428.150.970.730.25

AVERAGEDEVIATIONSFROMGENERALAVERAGES

0.150.840.140.370.180.060.330.05

36.9720.5314.4416.258.210.950.600.23

RESULTSOUTSIDEAVERAGEDEVIATIONS

31444442

<*Resultnearesttomostprobablevalue.

CHEMICALANALYSIS13

CO •J< sH Eh CO H o m H oO o CO O 1-4 a: B3H HQ o P3O"

O^rt<&o

»ooo

00t>. 001-1 ^vOkW Ah H 5?; OCO' ao baa>.SEmm 13033
^c4, "J 03U) 0)7u

OcOOOO001^

aa

03moa>

oog "^E2 J3 "a Tib ^1 ^a 01a a>Ao T3 -tJo .2a w"Wfe:z;o

2^ - a

CDO a0303^ 03O do

OOO005ot^

CaOOOo

W)Mbflo

^tSJ>MoCuPbamSb

COOOOC^lN»ooo(N00Onouot>-<*<0"^OO

COCOlO(Ncoco0(N00*'-'00

1-1,-HOco»oi-iO(NOOOOO

0500^COTt^CDi-t

OOi^S-^

COcoi^O0'-"t>0cOCOlOOOi-HOCDCOO

l>CO1-1»OcO t-CO000"0

O"*00iOco>oOi-HiMOO

CO(N.-HOOi-iO

00OCOot-COCO00

P3H HO ^a.2i o3(-> CO"^ a

S3U-t^

IbC'r^o3

qqO(U£0} 2M SO •OQ <6 OOQ c3a

OCO!/)^

IDCQ .O ft62 -ANALYTICALPROBLEMS asisdoneinevolutionsulfursoncastiron.

CostopChemicalAnalyses

domain,andsoitispropertodiscusscosts. method. ofspeed,dependability,andcost.

CHEMICALANALYSIS15

rapidly.

Thisleavestheproducerofanalyses - whichisnonew

point.

Washington,D.C,March26to31,1933.

Crystals."

17 L

CHAPTER2

OPPORTUNITIESFORANALYTICALCHEMISTRYIN

SOLIDSTATERESEARCHANDELECTRONICS

R.A.Laudise

BellTelephoneLaboratories,Incorporated

MurrayHill,NewJersey07974

materialscharacterization.

I.Introduction

19

20ANALYTICALPROBLEMS

liquidH2range. cally. cheaply. tobecalledmaterialscharacterization.

SOLIDSTATERESEARCH21

siastsforcharacterization - andinourbelief,analyticalchemistscon- stitutethelogicalnucleusforthisgroup. jects. whosedefinitionwas: sufficeforthereproductionofthematerial."

22ANALYTICALPROBLEMS

parturefromconventionalityisinviewpoint. tivityandmobilityaredetermined. tor. iconcharacterization.

SOLIDSTATERESEARCH23

arebelowthislevel. deliberatelygrownwithO. bysometobeasbadanactorinSiasC. timetohaveafewppbimpurities - itactuallyprobablyhasafewppmim-

428-999O-LT-72-3

24ANALYTICALPROBLEMS

Harshawin1968."

Al(i961)^Al(1964).

Element19611964

Al7,00026,000

Cu1,7008,000

Mo3,30012,000

Ni9002,200

Re4,00055,000

W6,70080,000

SOLIDSTATERESEARCH25

II.IdentityofMaterial

tabling,orriffling.Thesampleisgenerallyasolidbody - aglasssample,

A.Mapping

quotesdbs_dbs19.pdfusesText_25