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AnalyticalChemistry:
KeytoProgress
onNationalProblemsNafonai
3ur"au
Standards
trmIG6077
UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE
PeterG.Peterson^Secretary
ANALYTICALCHEMISTRY:KEYTO
PROGRESSONNATIONALPROBLEMS
W.WayneMeinkeandJohnK.Taylor,editors
AnalyticalChemistryDivision
InstituteforMaterialsResearch
NationalBureauofStandards
Washington,D.C.20234
CODEN:XNBSAV
ISSUEDAugust1972
ABSTRACT
calresearchforsometimetocome. waterpollution. iiFOREWORD
helpbetterdefinethisstatus. on"TraceCharacterization - ChemicalandPhysical"heldOctober3-7,NBSSpecialPublication314,respectively.
iii solidstateresearch. sessions.W.WayneMeinke,Chief
AnalyticalChemistryDivision
ivPREFACE
Symposium.
Inkeepingwithitstheme - AnalyticalChemistry:KeytoProgressin NationalProblemAreas - theSymposiumfocussedonsixveryimportant whichaudienceparticipationwasencouraged. vantanalyticalresearchforsometimetocome. tionalBureauofStandards. V proceedings. typesetdng.November29,1971
W.WayneMeinke
JohnK.Taylor
vi24thANNUALSUMMERSYMPOSIUM
ANALYTICALCHEMISTRY:KeytoProgress
onNationalProblemsGeneralChairman - W.WayneMeinke
AssistantGeneralChairman - RichardA.Durst
ArrangementChairman - BourdonF.Scribner
ProgramChairman - JohnK.Taylor
SocialChairman - PhilipD.LaFleur
Speakers
RobertA.Laudise
GeorgeN.Bowers,Jr.,M.D.
GeorgeW.Irving,Jr.
A.P.AltshuUer
KhalilH.Mancy
JamesH.Carpenter
W.WayneMeinke
RobertS.Melville
PhilipD.LaFleur
SessionChairmen
JamesR.McNesby
JohnK.Taylor
RichardA.Durst
PanelMembers
J.PaulCali
HenryFrankel
GeorgeH.Morrison
JamesC.White
HenryM.Fales
GeorgeG.Guilbault
BarryL.Karger
HowardV.Malmstadt
DavidFirestone
HerbertA.Laitinen
CharlesMerritt,Jr.
MarioA.RoUier
WalterC.McCrone
PeterK.Mueller
PaulUrone
PhiHpW.West
JamesN.Butler
VincentP.Guinn
DavidM.Hercules
RobertE.Sievers
VaughanT.Bowen
VelmerA.Fassel
RichardS.Juvet,Jr.
TheodoreJ.Kneip
CONTENTS
PageAbstractii
Forewordiii
PrefaceV
SessionChairmenvii
CHAPTER1
TheChemicalAnalysisofThingsasTheyAre1
G.E.F.Lundell
CHAPTER2
andElectronics19R.A.Laudise
PanelDiscussion65
CHAPTER3
istry77GeorgeN.Bowers,Jr.,M.D.
PanelDiscussion147
CHAPTER4
G.W.Irving,Jr.,andW.C.Schaefer
PanelDiscussion233
CHAPTER5
A.P.Altshuller
PanelDiscussion287
CHAPTER6
KhalilH.Mancy
PanelDiscussion383
ixCHAPTER7
raphy393JamesH.Carpenter
PanelDiscussion421
Index431
XCHAPTER1
EDITOR'SNOTE--
interest.ANALYTICALEDITION
Industrial
ANDENGINEERINGVolume5July15,
Number4Chemistry1933
PublishedbytheAmericanChemicalSociety
HarrisonE.Howe,Editor
TheChemicalAnalysisofThingsas
TheyAre
ATTHEoutsetwemightaskthequestion"Whyare
12ANALYTICALPROBLEMS
thatshouldnotbeoverlooked. andlesstimetochemicalanalysisitself - inotherwords,to analysis. ingelements. usedtorecommendtochildren - namely,tosprinklesaltonCHEMICALANALYSIS3
shouldeitherberenovatedordiscarded - heirloomslikethe methodsforsiHcaandforalumina - nottomentionmany others.TableI.DeterminationofAluminum
Material
AbCSOOs.lSHzO
Bauxite
AI2O3SO3H2O
Components-
4ANALYTICALPROBLEMS
cipitatedbyitself. andsoontouranium.CHEMICALANALYSIS5
ship,andkeepinconstantpractice. theresult,and(4)thecostoftheanalysis.TheSampleonWhichtheAnalysisIsMade
areillustratedinTablesIIandIII.6ANALYTICALPROBLEMS
ParticlesinaSample
Matebial
Castiron
Journalbearing
Ferrotungsten
SieveSizeComposition-oarbon
14-202.4520-302.2730-402.04
CopperLeadTin
Tungsten
80-10077.6
100-20080.2200-32579.5>32570.4
TableIII.ChangesinSamplesduringStorage
Ferrovanadium.33.6V33.1V
Zincore31.4Zn30.4Zn
Soda-limeglass74.1Si0273.4Si02
analyticaleffortthatwasputonit.MethodofAnalysis
CHEMICALANALYSIS7
whenitisbyitself.428-999O-LT-72-2
8ANALYTICALPROBLEMS
withchemicalanalysis - ^inotherwords,byfirstmaking abilitytocontrolhisblanks. theothergroupmemberscreepin - ^forexample,through changesinmanufacture - themethodmustbechanged.Wecannotdeterminetininsteelsbythesamemethod whereasbronzesdonot - asyet.Themostexcellentbis- bythedatashowninTableIV.CHEMICALANALYSIS
OHo< O C rjl :0Oo o2 o^ "I - I "COr-i»0(MOCOOCD^Ocofoco-*!I;!!COCOC5cc
02i-i(M(M(M(MCOCCoooodoooo
a r-,CT)Tj*COC<1^COCO;ot>i>i>00• !^oooodooo qoooooooo oo "ooP •J<>O0C5H0-| nCSOOOOOOrH...wOO
^doo'dddd *''aooo _ *00^OCO00O-!!0o^_'-^--^^^••"OOPlIddoooooo
**^oo 'Ct<6<=><6o<666i6i ''dd1d - od
^COCOCOTj<-.^-jj^oo a1-1 ^COCOCOCOr}COoC305 oCOc^^6
00ANALYTICALPROBLEMS
AccuracyoftheResult
chemicalanalysisofthingsastheyare - namely,theaccuracyCHEMICALANALYSIS11
inerror,andoughttoberejected."TableV.AnalysisofPhosphateRock
(Allanalysesondrybasis)77.9678.2878.6078.7279.10
Generalaverage,78.38
methodsaspossible.ANALYTICALPROBLEMS
AI2O3FeOMgOSi02Ti02CaOMnO
GENERALAVERAGES
36.9420.1514.4216.428.150.970.730.25
AVERAGEDEVIATIONSFROMGENERALAVERAGES
0.150.840.140.370.180.060.330.05
36.9720.5314.4416.258.210.950.600.23
RESULTSOUTSIDEAVERAGEDEVIATIONS
31444442
<*Resultnearesttomostprobablevalue.CHEMICALANALYSIS13
CO •J< sH Eh CO H o m H oO o CO O 1-4 a: B3H HQ o P3O"O^rt<&o
»ooo
00t>. 001-1 ^vO^c4, "J 03U) 0)7u