Lecture Notes APPLIED CRYPTOGRAPHY AND DATA SECURITY (version 2 5 — January 2005) Prof Christof Paar Chair for Communication Security
capable of applying it to new constructions that may not be covered in the book A beginning reader can read though the book to learn how cryptographic
Applied Cryptography, Second Edition: Protocols, Algorthms, and Source Code in C (cloth) (Publisher: John Wiley Sons, Inc ) Author(s): Bruce Schneier
Exhaustive search of either key space is completely infeasible, yet both ciphers are relatively weak and provide little security Handbook of Applied Cryptography
With electronic information the concept of a signature needs to be Handbook of Applied Cryptography by A Menezes, P van Oorschot and S Vanstone Page 5 4
Summary of CP460 Applied Cryptography Chapter 0 Introduction • Secure Sockets Layer / TLS: Handshake Protocol and Record Layer • Symmetric
Lecture Notes APPLIED CRYPTOGRAPHY AND DATA SECURITY (version 2 5 — January 2005) Prof Christof Paar Chair for Communication Security
Elements of Applied Cryptography Public key encryption ▫ Public key cryptosystem (applying Eulero's Theorem) ≡ m mod n Eulero's Theorem ∀ integer n
This is the gap that Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography has come to fill Beginning with the objectives of communication security and elementary examples
It describes dozens of cryptography algorithms, gives practical advice on how to implement them into cryptographic software, and shows how they can be used to
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CS 387 Applied Cryptography David Evans written by
Daniel Winter special thanks to:
Wolfgang Baltes 16.04.2012 Contents 1 Symmetric Ciphers 3 1.1 Cryptology, Symmetric Cryptography & Correctness Property . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Kercho's Principle &xor-function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 1.3 One - Time Pad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Probability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.5 Secret Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.6 Perfect Cipher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.7 Monoalphabetic Substitution Cipher (Toy-Cipher) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.8 Lorenz Cipher Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.9 Modern Symmetric Ciphers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2 Application of Symmetric Ciphers 18 2.1 Application of Symmetric Ciphers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.2 Generating Random Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2.4 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.1 Electronic Codebook Mode (ECB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.4.2 Cipher Block Chaining Mode (CBC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4.3 Counter Mode (CTR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4.4 CBC versus CTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2.4.5 Cipher Feedback Mode (CFB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.4.6 Output Feedback Mode (OFB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4.7 CBC versus CFB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4.8 Parallel Decrypting Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.5 Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.6 Padding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.7 Cryptographic Hash Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.8 Random Oracle Assumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.9 Strong Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.10 Dictionary Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.11 Salted Password Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.12 Hash Chain, S/Key Password Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3 Key Distribution 38 3.1 Key Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.2 Pairwise Shared Keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.3 Trusted Third Party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.4 Merkle's Puzzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.5 Die-Hellman Key Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.6 Discrete Logarithm Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.7 Decisional Die-Hellman Assumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.8 Implementing Die-Hellman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.9 Finding Large Primes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.10 Faster Primal Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.11 Fermat's Little Theorem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . quotesdbs_dbs2.pdfusesText_2
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