Aletheophilus; Alexander G Baumgarten; Moral journals; Aesthetics; Ge Fr 13 See S Tedesco, L'estetica di Baumgarten, Aesthetica, Palermo 2000, pp
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Alessandro Nannini Baumgarten and the Lost Letters of Aletheophilus 29 In fact, it is not so straightforward as it may seem that Baumgarten wanted to terminate the publication in 1741. The same formula where-by Baumgarten says goodbye to his readers in the Beschluß does not sound like a farewell, but leaves open the possibility of a continuation of the journal, however occasional its future issues might be32. The un-certainty about the conclusion of the journal is also shared by Johann Peter Uz, a disciple of Baumgarten's and a member of the so-called 'Zweiter Hallescher Dichterkreis'33, who writes in a postscript of a letter to Glei m on the 1st June 1744: "What news hav e you got of Prof. Baumgarten in Frankfurt? Isn't he going to continue with his Philo-sophical Letters or to publish his Encyclopaedia?»34. All in all, the hy-pothesis of a continuation of the Aletheophilus after letter 34 is not so far-fetched in those years. To be sure, this does not imply that it really happened. And yet, although scholarship has never taken this possibility into account, such could well be the case. III. The first document to support a revision of the dating of the Brieffe von Aletheophilus is the Abriß einer allgemeinen Historie der Gelehrsamkeit by Jo-hann Andreas Fabricius (1752). In the first volume of this work, Fab-ricius provides the following reference for the journal at issue: "Philos-ophische Briefe von Alethophilo, Halle, 1741-44. 4. neun und zwanzig Stücke von Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten»35. The same data is rec-orded in the sixth edition, edited by Johann Christian Fischer, of the Introductio in notitiam rei litterariae et usum bibliothecarum (1704; 17546), orig-inally published by Burkhard Gotthelf Struve, where it is stated: "Phi-32 Philosophische Brieffe von Aletheophilus, p. 101. 33 See T. Verweyen, G. Witting, Zur Rezeption Baumgartens bei Uz, Gleim, Rudnick, "Zeitschrift für deutsche Philologie», 113, 1994, pp. 496-514. 34 Briefwechsel zwischen Gleim und Uz, hrsg. v. C. Schüddekopf, Litterar. Verein, Tü-bingen 1899, p. 70. 35 J.A. Fabricius, Abriß einer all gemeinen Historie d er Gelehrsamkeit, We idmann, Leipzig 1752, p. 875.
Alessandro Nannini Baumgarten and the Lost Letters of Aletheophilus 33 In the case of the Praelectiones, we do not have the precise date of the lectures. As for the Isagoge, we know that the first volume was tran-scribed by Baumgarten's disciple Johann Gottfried Beneke in March 1748 in Berlin, so that the lectures on which it relies were probably held between the summer semester of 174352 and the winter semester of 1747/48, that is, after the conclusion of the first collegium aestheticum, but before the elaboration of the first part of the Aesthetica. The only Aes-thetica available at that time was in all likelihood the collegium aestheticum of 1742/43, which must have been very well known to the students. The notes of the lectures on dogmatic theology, which remained un-published until after Baumg arten's death, have not been updat ed in their references since the publication of the Aesthetica, and thus con-serve some 'fossils' from the first phase of the elaboration of the new discipline53. The references are recorded in the section on the Holy Scripture, and in part icular in the discussion on the first "argumentum internum» proving its divinity54. In order to discover if a book is not a merely hu-man product - Baumgarten argues - it is necessary to consider it in the light of the critical rules, both aesthetic and logical: in the event that it possesses a superior perfection to the natural forces of a human author, it is likely to be divinely inspired. But such seems to be the case here55. It is this need to analyse Scripture on the basis of criteria lent from aes-thetics that leads Baumgarten to consider the holy text in relation to the same subdivisions (firstly, the tripartition heuristics, methodology and semiotics, modelled on the three rhetorical categories of inventio, disposi-tio, and elocutio, and secondly, the six perfections of cognition), thus jus-tifying the series of references to his collegium aestheticum. 52 In the Scriptis, where a lecture list up to the winter semester of 1742/43 is rec-orded, there is no reference to this class. 53 The same holds for logic; although these notes (as well as those of the Philoso-phia generalis) make reference to several paragraphs, sections and chapters of logic, the printed edition of the Acroasis logica will be released only in 1761. 54 Baumgarten, Praelectiones, §§ 75 and ff.; Id., Isagoge, §§ 41 and ff. 55 Id., Praelectiones, §§ 75-6; Id., Isagoge, § 41.
SAGGI 34 In the Praelectiones, the references concern only the first three perfec-tions of heuristics56. In the Isagoge, the references also concern the other perfections as well as the sections on the methodologia and semiotica (re-garding respectively order and style), that is, the last parts of theoretical aesthetics that will never be published in the edited version of the Aes-thetica57. The second and last volume of the Aesthetica, as is well known, breaks off before the end of heuristics, with the chapter on aesthetic persuasion (the fifth perfection), covering §§ 829-904; if we compare them with the corresponding paragraphs of the 'Proto-Aesthetica', ap-proximately §§ 81-10258, and consider that the 'Proto-Aesthetica' con-sists of more than 400 paragraphs59, we have a scale of the magnitude that the complete work could have assumed. While, therefore, letter 36 helps us understand the general scheme of the projec t of aesthetics, the ref erences to the collegium can provid e some further indication of the never-published sections of the Aesthetica and the evolution of Baumgarten's thought60. By virtue of the new da-56 Id., Praelectiones, §§ 78-80. The references to the Aesthetica are far less numerous than those inc luded in Benek e's manuscript. The present reference s, however, agree with those in the Isagoge. This means that the lectures on which the Praelec-tiones rely should have been held before 1750. It cannot be excluded, therefore, that the text published by Semler derives from the lectures on revealed theology of the summer semester 1749 quoted by Beausobre, see Fontius, Baumgarten und die Litera-turbriefe, p. 571. 57 Baumgarten, Isagoge, §§ 42-53, corresponding to Praelectiones, §§ 95 and ff. 58 Id., Isagoge, § 49, corresponding to Praelectiones, §§ 89-91. 59 §§ 397-409 of the 'Proto-Aesthetica' discuss semiotic problems, see Id., Isagoge, § 53, corresponding to Praelectiones, §§ 99-100. As far as I can see, no reference is made in these theological lectures as to practical aesthetics. 60 I ven ture only a tentat ive hypothesis on this d evelopment: given that the treatment of the perfection of ubertas ends at § 19 of the collegium (or at § 20; the first mentioned paragraph concerning magnitudo is § 21; see Id., Praelectiones, §§ 78-79; Id., Isagoge, §§ 42-43) and that all the other five perfections occupy more than 10 paragraphs each, it is legitimate to suppose that the important discussion of the lower faculties of the mind, in the same way as in Meier's Anfangsgründe and differ-ently from the Aesthetica, is postponed to the analysis of the perfections of cogni-tion rather than forced into the very few initial paragraphs of the collegium. In any case, see § 27 of the notes published by Poppe for Baumgarten's difference from Meier on this point in the final version of the Aesthetica (Poppe, Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, p. 85).
Alessandro Nannini Baumgarten and the Lost Letters of Aletheophilus 41 "vollkommen sinnliche Rede» to trans late Baumgarten's defin ition95, although without any polemical intent. For this reason too, Baumgarten's reply to Lasius must certainly have been friendlier. Indeed, it was probably Baumgarten's friendship with several members of the Society in Greifswald that favoured his admis-sion as a member in 1744 along with his disciple Meier96. From what is reported in the biography of Meier, the date of admission of the latter is the 12th of March97: should it be so for Baumgarten as well, his entrance into the Society would immediately follow the conclusion of the jour-nal, and thereby his letter to Greifswald, and could possibly be occa-sioned by this theoretical exchange. VI. In the light of all this, it is possible to advance some hypotheses about the content of letter 37. Certainly, as announced in the "Pommersche Nachrichten», Baumgarten must have returned to the doubts raised by the review in the "Critische Versuche». Since the question of the syl-labic quantity is Lasius' only real objection, it is plausible that Baum-garten defended his point of view on this theme in letter 3798. According to the account of the "Pommersche Nachrichten», howev-er, letter 37 also deals with "einige Stücke» concerning the poem. The terms "einige Stücke» here seem to m ean the Latin n euter "varia»99, which Baumgarte n had employed in the Meditationes to indi cate the three fundamental aspects of a poem: the sensate representations, their connection and the words, as well as the elements constitutive of the 95 The first solution is recorded, for example, in "Critische Versuche zur Auf-nahme der deutschen Sprache», 1742, 6. Stück, p. 576; for the second solution, see ibidem, p. 599 and passim. 96 "Pommersche Nachrichten von gelehrten Sachen», 29. Dezember 1744, 102. Stück, p. 828. 97 See S.G. Lange, Leben Georg Friedrich Meiers, Gebauer, Halle 1778, p. 44. 98 It is impossible to know for the moment if such an answer contained a discus-sion about Lasius' initial and conclusive remarks as well. 99 See also also Lasius' mentioned review, "Critische Versuche zur Aufnahme der deutschen Sprache», 1742, 6. Stück, p. 577.
Alessandro Nannini Baumgarten and the Lost Letters of Aletheophilus 43 thoughts (concepts, judgements, and demonstrations); the exposition must be regarded with respect to words, statements, style and eupho-ny108. Such a scheme surely takes advantage of the general aesthetic pro-ject elaborated in those years by Baumgarten109; and yet, it is not unlike-ly that Baumgarten himself could have applied this general plan to the poem in letter 37110. Whilst waiting for the research to make available further data to clear up this matter, it is already possible to conclude that letter 37 lies at the heart of the relations among the aesthetic issues of the Briefe. Certainly, it is tied to letter 11 in the same way as letter 36 is tied to letter 2. There is therefore a double couple of letters on the basis of their topics: the first couple dealing with poetics and the second couple dealing with aesthetics. However, letter 37 also has a close connection to letter 36, not only for their paired and crucial position in the series of issues of the journal, but also for the affinity of their content and approach: the "Ästhetik nach Hamburg» is thus complemented by a sort of "Poetik nach Greifs wald». In bidding a definitive farewell to his r eaders, Aletheophilus seems at last to drop his mask, bringing to the fore the two main focuses of Baumgarten's aesthetic thought. © 2017 The Author. Open Access published under the terms of the CC-BY-4.0. 108 After the general part, the analysis should include a special part, devoted to the different genres of poetry. 109 Meier's scheme makes reference to a theoretical structure which emerged, alt-hough in slightly different ways, both in the collegium aestheticum and in letter 36, see above. 110 In the Vertheidigung (§§ 7; 10-11), for example, Meier declares that Baumgart-en's definition of a poem requires the six perfections of sensate cognition (or beau-ties), even if Baumgarten had not made clear such a link either in the Meditationes or in Aletheophilus' 11th letter of 1741. To be sure, the connection could be an au-tonomous conclusion of Meier's on the basis of Baumgarten's earliest applications of this doctrine to aesthetics (see letter 36 and his Scriptis, § 15), but it is not ex-cluded that behind this bold assertion there could be a more explicit indication in this direction contained in letter 37, a letter that Meier had quoted at the beginning of the Vertheidigung as an important source for Baumgarten's poetic doctrine.
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