MOS Technology 6502 Architecture, Design, and Impact Chris Ranc Travis Whitaker Rochester Institute of Technolgoy Spring 2016
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MOS Technology 6502
Architecture, Design, and Impact
Chris Ranc
Travis Whitaker
Rochester Institute of Technolgoy
Spring 2016
MOS Technology 6502 Overview
IReleased in 1975 in 40-pin DIP package.
ICompeted directly with the Intel 8080
and Zilog Z80. ILead to rapidly decreasing prices in the
microprocessor market. IWidely popular in personal computer
and system integration applications. IMOS acquired by Commodore in 1976.
IStill used in embedded systems today.
History
I Chuck Peddle noticed Motorola customers were frustrated with high 6800 unit cost. I Proposed a lower area, lower power, lower cost 6800 spin-o. INew design leverages depletion-mode metal oxide
semiconductor transistors. I Frustrated by Motorola management, Peddle joins MOSTechnology, who fund the 6502.
I1975 saw a recession impact the silicon industry; 6502 sales
op as a result.Beginnings of the Microcomputer
ITo bolster sales, Peddle designs
the MDT-650 single-board computer development platform. IMDT-650 extremely popular with
both engineers and hobbyists. IApple, Commodore, Atari, BBC
capitalize on the emerging hobbyist/home computer market. IApple II, Commodore PET &
VIC-20, BBC Micro, Atari 800 all
designed around the 6502.Specications
I3 8-bit General Purpose Registers
I8-bit Stack Pointer
I8-bit Status Register
I16-bit Program Counter
I1 Edge-Triggered Non-Maskable Interrupt
I1 Maskable Level-Sensitive Interrupt
IExternal Memory Address/Data Bus
IRDY output for Hardware Step-Through
6502 Implementation
I1-2 MHz typical clock
frequency. ITwo synchronizations per
cycle. IStatic PLA used for
instruction decoding. I2-stage concurrent fetch
pipeline. I3,510 total transistors.
6502 Polysilicon Diusion Layers
6502 Layer Overlay
6502 Visualization:
Addressing Modes
IAbsolute (Immediate
Address)
IBranch-relative
IZero Page
IAbsolute/Zero-Page
Indirection
Home Game Consoles Emerge
ITed Dabney and Nolan Bushnell begin investigating
microprocessor-based video games. I Unlike previous games based on dedicated discrete logic, microprocessor-based systems could play multiple games. I Dabney and Bushnell realize that such a system would create it's own proprietary software market. I \Stella" prototype adapted to use the low-cost 6502 in 1975.I The Atari Video Computer System (later Atari 2600) was released in 1977.