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No. 16-476

In the Supreme Court of the United States

GOVERNOR CHRISTOPHER J. CHRISTIE, et al.,

Petitioners,

v.

NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION, et al.,

Respondents.

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI

TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAE STATES OF

WEST VIRGINIA, 17 OTHER STATES, AND THE

GOVERNORS OF KENTUCKY, MARYLAND, AND

NORTH DAKOTA

IN SUPPORT OF PETITIONERS

PATRICK MORRISEY

Attorney General

OFFICE OF THE

ATTORNEY GENERAL

State Capitol

Building 1, Room E-26

Charleston, WV 25305

TJohnson@wvago.gov

(304) 558-2422

THOMAS M. JOHNSON, JR.

Deputy Solicitor General

Counsel of Record

EDWARD M. WENGER

General Counsel

Counsel for Amicus Curiae State of West Virginia

[additional counsel listed at end] i

QUESTION PRESENTED

Federal law does not directly prohibit sports wagering in States where the practice is legal. But the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act ³3$63$´ prohibits a State, other than Nevada or several other exempted States, to ³OLŃHQVH´ Rr ³MXPORUL]H´ VSRUPV RMJHULQJB 6HH 28 U.S.C. § 3702. The en banc Third Circuit, over two dissents, has interpreted this provision as prohibiting the States from modifying their laws to repeal existing prohibitions on sports wagering.

The question on which this Court granted

certiorari is:

Whether a federal statute that prohibits

modification or repeal of state-law prohibitions on private conduct impermissibly commandeer the regulatory power of States in contravention of New

York v. United States, 505 U.S. 144 (1992)?

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

QUESTION PRESENTED.......................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................ ii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ....................................... iv

INTRODUCTION AND INTEREST OF AMICI

CURIAE ................................................................ 1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ..................................... 3 ARGUMENT ............................................................... 5

Powers And Usurps Powers Reserved To The

States Under The Tenth Amendment .................. 5

A. PASPA Is Not An Exercise In Legitimate

Preemption Because Congress Has Not

Enacted An Affirmative Regulatory Or

GHUHJXOMPRU\ 6ŃOHPH"""""""""""5

B. PASPA Unlawfully Commandeers The

States."""""""""""""""""B11

1. PASPA Blurs Lines Of Political

Accountability That Animate This

CoXUP·V $QPL-Commandeering Cases"12

2. Barring States From Repealing Their

Own Laws Raises Particular Tenth

Amendment Concerns. .B""""".....16

³$IILUPMPLYHC1HJMPLYH´ GLVPLQŃPLRQ

Likewise Has No Basis In Tenth

Amendment Principles...B""""""23

iii

II. Laws Like PASPA Harm States, Their

Citizens, And Our System Of Dual

Sovereignty""""""""""""...B"""25

CONCLUSION .......................................................... 27 iv

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

Cases

Ah Sin v. Wittman,

198 U.S. 500 (1905) ....................................... 19, 20

Aloha Airlines, Inc. v. Dir. Of Taxation of Haw.,

464 U.S. 7 (1983) ................................................... 7

Am. Airlines, Inc. v. Wolens,

513 U.S. 219 (1995) ............................................... 7

Ca., 133 S. Ct. 2096 (2013) ................................... 6

Arizona v. United States,

567 U.S. 387 (2012) ..................................... passim

Bates v. Dow Agrosciences, L.L.C.,

544 U.S. 431 (2005) ............................................... 6

Chamber of Commerce of U.S. v. Whiting,

131 S. Ct. 1968 (2011) ........................................... 7

Coleman v. Thompson,

501 U.S. 722 (1991) ............................................. 18

CSX Transp., Inc. v. Easterwood,

507 U.S. 658 (1993) ............................................... 7

CTS Corp. v. Waldburger,

134 S. Ct. 2175 (2014) ......................................... 19

Dist.,

541 U.S. 246 (2004) ............................................... 6

FERC v. Mississippi,

456 U.S. 742 (1982) ............................................... 9

v

Fla. Lime & Avocado Growers, Inc. v. Paul,

373 U.S. 132 (1963) ............................................... 6

Geier v. Am. Honda Motor Co., Inc.,

529 U.S. 861 (2000) ............................................... 7

Gonzales v. Raich,

545 U.S. 1 (2005) ................................................. 26

Gregory v. Ashcroft,

501 U.S. 452 (1991) ............................................... 8

Hillman v. Maretta,

133 S. Ct. 1943 (2013) ........................................... 6

Hines v. Davidowitz,

312 U.S. 52 (1941) ................................................. 6

Inc.,

452 U.S. 264 (1981) ............................................... 5

Plan,

555 U.S. 285 (2009) ............................................... 6

Lorillard Tobacco Co. v. Reilly,

533 U.S. 525 (2001) ............................................... 7

Medtronic, Inc. v. Lohr,

518 U.S. 470 (1996) ............................................... 7

Morales v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.,

504 U.S. 374 (1992) ............................................... 8

132 S. Ct. 965 (2012) ............................................. 6

New State Ice Co. v. Liebmann,

285 U.S. 262 (1932) ............................................. 26

vi

New York v. United States,

505 U.S. 144 (1992) ..................................... passim

Nixon v. Mo. Mun. League,

541 U.S. 125 (2004) ............................................... 6

Printz v. United States,

521 U.S. 898 (1997) ..................................... passim

R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. v. Durham Cnty.,

N.C.,

479 U.S. 130 (1986) ............................................... 6

552 U.S. 364 (2008) ............................................... 8

Shaw v. Delta Air Lines, Inc.,

463 U.S. 85 (1983) ................................................. 7

Sprietsma v. Mercury Marine,

537 U.S. 51 (2002) ............................................. 6, 7

U.S. Term Limits, Inc. v. Thornton,

514 U.S. 779 (1995) ....................................... 12, 19

Statutes

28 U.S.C. § 3702 .......................................................... i

28 U.S.C. §§ 3701 ........................................................ 1

U.S. Const. amend. X ................................................ 18 U.S. Const. art. VI, cl. 2 .............................................. 8 U.S. Const. arts. I, § 8; V; VI, cl. 2 ............................ 18

Other Sources

1 The Works Of James Wilson 1, 14 (James DeWitt

Andrews ed., 1896). """""""""""""".17

vii John Locke, Two Treatises of Government § 149 (P.

Laslett ed. 1965) """""""""""""""..17

Sophocles: The Complete Plays 352 (Paul Roche transl., Signet Classics 2001)"""""""""".14 The Complete Anti-Federalist (Herbert J. Storing, ed.,

1981)"""""""""""""""""""""17

The Federalist No. 16 (Alexander Hamilton) (Clinton

Rossiter ed., 2003)""""""""""""""....12

The Federalist No. 51 (James Madison) (Clinton

Rossiter ed., 2003) """"""""""""""...14

The Federalist No. 37 (James Madison) (Clinton

Rossiter ed., 2003) """"""""""""""...17

The Federalist No. 39 (James Madison) (Clinton

Rossiter ed., 2003) """"""""""""""...17

The Federalist No. 46 (James Madison) (Clinton

Rossiter ed., 2003) """"""""""""""...17

The Unabridged William Shakespeare (William

George Clark & William Aldis Wright eds. 1989)"..14 1

INTRODUCTION AND

INTEREST OF AMICI CURIAE

The Professional and Amateur Sports Protection

$ŃP ³3$63$´ 28 U.S.C. §§ 3701 et seq., prohibits States from exercising core regulatory powers reserved to them and their citizens under the Tenth Amendment²QMPHO\ POH SRRHU PR ³OLŃHQVH´ RU ³MXPORUL]H N\ OMR´ ŃRQGXŃP POMP M 6PMPH OMG SUHYLRXVO\ chosen to prohibit. The Third Circuit, sitting en banc, has interpreted PASPA as prohibiting States from amending or repealing their own laws and requiring them to enforce laws that the citizens of those Statesquotesdbs_dbs3.pdfusesText_6